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Inayat I, Batool AI, Rehman MFU, Ahmad KR, Kanwal MA, Ali R, Khalid R, Habib SS. Seasonal Variation and Association of Heavy Metals in the Vital Organs of Edible Fishes from the River Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1203-1211. [PMID: 37335443 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of heavy metals are drastic, including accumulation. Fish species are important bio-indicators of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. The current study aimed to assess the seasonal variation of heavy metals in the vital organs of mostly consumed fishes in River Jhelum, Pakistan. Samples of fish, including Wallago attu (Malhi), Rita rita (Khagga), and Mystus seenghala (Singhari), were collected from four different sites, i.e., Khushab, Muhammad Wala (M. Wala), 8.R.D and Rasool barrage during summer and winter seasons. Heavy metals such as iron (Fe), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and Cadmium (Cd) were estimated through acid digestion and spectrometric analysis. Results showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) amount of these metals in the liver, followed by the kidneys of fish species. There were seasonal variations in the absorption of these metals as well. Cr (11.71) and Fe (58.66) were detected in higher amounts in Khagga which showed the greatest affinity for certain metals in some cases. In contrast, Singhari showed the greatest affinity to other metals in other cases. Comparative analysis revealed that there was a highly significant (P < 0.05) difference for the accumulation of almost all metals in both seasons and summer had the highest concentration of Cd, Pb, Co, Cr and Fe as compared to winter in all four sampling stations in the case of kidney and liver of all the three fishes. Elevated levels of heavy metals were detected in the summer due to increased temperature. Heavy metals found in the River Jhelum may demonstrate that metals can significantly affect the fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Khalid
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Ali M, Suleman S, Inayat I, Ahmad SN, Kanwal MA, Ahmad KR, Siddique S, Ali R, Matloob S, Abdul Sattar H, Kamran MA. Fortification of Extender with Basella rubra Fruit Extract Enhances the Cryosurvival of Ram Semen. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:46-50. [PMID: 37155630 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Basella rubra fruit extract (BR-FE) on cryopreserved ram sperm's motility, velocity, and membrane integrity. Thirty ejaculates collected from 3 fertile rams (10 from each) were diluted with semen dilution extender (SDE) in a ratio (1:2) and centrifuged to remove 50% supernatant. The remaining sample was mixed with semen cryopreservation extender (SCE) in 1:4 ratio. Then 1.2 mL of SCE diluted sample was divided in four aliquots (0.3 mL each) that were further extended with [(1) control group (0.7 mL of SCE), (2) BR-FE-0.6% group (0.7 mL of SCE supplemented with 0.6% BR-FE), (3) BR-FE-0.8% group (0.7 mL of SCE supplemented with 0.8% BR-FE), and (4) BR-FE-1.6% group (0.7 mL SCE supplemented with 1.6% BR-FE)]. All extended samples were cooled gradually from 25°C to 4°C in half an hour. The 0.1 mL sample from all aliquots was analyzed for precryopreservation sperm parameters and the remaining sample was loaded in 0.5 mL plastic semen straws, cooled gradually to -20°C, and then dipped in liquid nitrogen. After 24 hours of cryopreservation, the straws were thawed for postcryopreservation sperm evaluations. The results (analysis of variance based) showed significantly enhanced percentage of post-thaw sperm membrane integrity, progressive motility, and velocity in BR-FE-0.6% group at both pre- and postcryopreservation stages as compared with all other groups. However, analysis of covariance revealed concentration-dependent cryoprotective effect of BR-FE with maximum percentage of sperm membrane integrity in the 1.6% group. According to these results, BR-FE supplementation adds enormous sperm protective potential to ram sperm cryopreservation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Suleman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Government Associate College (W) Mochh Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government Ambala Muslim Graduate College Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saira Siddique
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saima Matloob
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdul Sattar
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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Suleman S, Azhar F, Jabeen R, Ahmad SN, Ahmad KR, Inayat I, Khanum Z, Faisal A, Yasmeen S, Kanwal MA. In ovo exposure of F-ions and organo-fluoride insecticide (Bifenthrin) cause developmental anomalies of eye in chick embryos. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:283-287. [PMID: 37780127 PMCID: PMC10539789 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The developmental abnormalities of the in-ovo exposure of Fluoride ions (F-ions) and Bifenthrin (BF) on the embryonic chick eye were investigated. Materials and methods 165 fresh fertilized eggs of zero day and 40-50 g weight were divided into three groups (55 eggs each) on the basis of inter-vitelline treatment of eggs on zero day of study: 1) Control group (CG); 0.1 ml of 5 % DMSO aqueous solution 2),3) Fluoride group (FG), and Bifenthrin group (BFG); 0.01 mg/kg F-ions (from NaF) and 0.01 mg/kg BF in 0.1 ml of 5 % DMSO aqueous solution respectively. After incubation for 14 days at 37 ± 0.5 °C embryos were externalized. Eyes of each embryo were removed for micro-anatomical, micrometric and histopathological studies. Results The histological sections have shown denser and enlarged marginal mitotic region of the developing eye lenses in FG and BFG. In vertical sections of the eye lenses the nuclei of the crystalline cells in FG and BFG show a highly depressed bow shaped arrangement. Moreover, the nuclei of the core crystalline cells of the lens were apparently smaller in FG and BFG than CG. Out of the six anatomical layers of the retina the nuclear and the plexiform layers were highly enlarged in FG and BFG, similarly the three corneal cell layers (endothelial, parenchymal and epithelial) were enlarged in FG and BFG than CG. The morphometric, histometric and micrometric estimations also show significant variations in FG and BFG than CG. Conclusion The results indicate subtle developmental anomalies of the eyes attributable to the F-ions and BF exposure indicating their developmental neuro-optic disruption potentials. Results further revealed higher toxicity of BF as compared to F-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Azhar
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zubedah Khanum
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Faisal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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Siddique S, Ahmad KR, Nawaz SK, Ahmad SN, Ali R, Inayat I, Suleman S, Kanwal MA, Usman M. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-ulcerogenic potentials of synthetic indole derivatives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8639. [PMID: 37244979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of new synthetic compounds are synthesized in the field of heterocyclic chemistry having a variety of biological potentials. In the present study, some synthetic indole derivatives are used to check anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and gastroprotective activity in albino mice. Albino mice of either sex of reproductive age were used for each study (n = 5). In anti-inflammatory activity, the negative control (NC) and positive control group animals were treated with normal saline and 10 mg/kg of indomethacin respectively. The treated groups received the twenty four different synthetic chemicals, after 30 min of sub cutaneous injection of carrageenan. In analgesic activity, hot-plate method is used and for each group the latency period was recorded at zero moment of the provision of required dose and after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. In anti-pyretic activity, Pyrexia was induced by using Brewer's yeast method. Before any treatment and then after duration of 18 h, the rectal temperatures were recorded. Among all the chemicals, only those chemicals which show any potential related to above mentioned activities were selected for gastroprotective activity. The gastroprotective activity was performed to check the gastric ulcers by using 300 mg/kg of single oral dose of indomethacin to animals of all groups except NC group. This study helped to screen out the most potent indole derivatives 3a-II and 4a-II from the 24 synthetic indole derivatives which demonstrated the best biological potential (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and gastroprotection) as compared to the remaining ones. The micrometric and biochemical results also support the histological findings. Out of the twenty-four novel indole amines tested, 3a-II and 4a-II have shown the effective pharmacological capacity and additionally have not shown any overt and systemic toxicity. Thus these two indole amines need further in-depth pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies before they are recommended for any pre-clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Siddique
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Khawaja Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
- Govt. Graduate Ambala Muslim College, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kashif Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
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Faisal A, Khanum Z, Ahmad SN, Ahmad KR, Younis A, Suleman S, Inayat I, Kanwal MA. Histo-anatomical mutilations of developing chick brain induced by in-ovo fluoride and bifenthrin exposure. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:190-194. [PMID: 36748022 PMCID: PMC9898633 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative developing brain histo-anatomical pathologies of Fluoride ions and Bifenthrin in-ovo exposures were explored in the golden black variety of domestic chick. Three exposure groups were -the Vehicle control group (Vg); Fluoride (F) group and the Bifenthrin (Bn) group each with forty fertilized eggs and received their respective group treatment at zero day of incubation. Embryos were extracted, dissected from head region and the embryonic whole brains were recovered after 14 days of incubation. The embryonic brains were preserved in bouin fixative for 24 h for further studies. The morphological results show the atrophied and hypertrophied embryonic brain in F and Bn groups respectively as compared to Vg group. The toxicological signs of encephalic anatomy and histology of F and Bn exposure were the enlarged third ventricles, optocoeles and arachnoid mater, encephalic spongiosis and decreased neuroglial density. The morphometric data showed significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in mean weight and density of whole brain in F and Bn groups compared Vg. The mean length and width of whole brain in F were significantly lower than that of the Bn and Vg. whereas, the mean breadth of third ventricle in Bn remained significantly lower than F and Vg groups. On the other hand, the mean breadth of optocoele and fourth ventricle in F and Bn groups remained significantly higher than Vg. Conversely the mean optic lobe wall thickness in F remained significantly lower than Bn and Vg. Additionally, the mean neuronal density in diencephalon, optic lobe and cerebellum in F group and Bn group remained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than Vg. Results show that low dose in-ovo fluoride or bifenthrin exposure may cause neuro-developmental abnormalities in the developing chick embryos indicating that the Fluoride-ions and Bifenthrin harbor strong developmental neurotoxic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Faisal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Zubedah Khanum
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Asma Younis
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
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Nadia Ahmad S, Raees Ahmad K, Abdullah U, Malik F, Ali R, Amir-ud-din U, Ali Kanwal M, Inayat I. Basella alba, Grewia asiatica, Solanum nigrum and Ficus carica fruit extracts ameliorate the testicular histopathology induced by CCl4 exposure in albino mice: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022; 20:101-110. [PMID: 35434474 PMCID: PMC9002166 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i2.10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is extensively used in various industries and induces oxidative stress in humans. Unfortunately, it is one of the neglected potent male reproductive toxicants. Objective The present research reports the testicular histopathology of CCl4 and ameliorations by four medicinal fruit pulp extracts (FPEs) in mice. Materials and Methods Sixty male albino mice were divided into six groups (10/group) as per the following: 1. Vehicle control (Vc); 2. CCl4 (C); 3-6. CCl4+Basella alba (CBa), CCl4+Solanum nigrum (CSn), CCl4+Ficus carica (CFc) and CCl4+Grewia asiatica (CGa). Except for the control group, CCl4 (0.1 mL of 0.2 mL kg-1) was given to the animals in corn oil. The four plant extracts (0.1 mL each) were respectively given to the relevant FPE group animals for the next five consecutive days, while the animals in the Vc and CCl4 groups received water instead of FPE. Results The CCl4 exposure led to various histometric and histological alterations (loss of interstitial tissue and various dislodged tailless spermatids with enlarged heads) that were recovered in all except Solanum nigrum FPE mice post-treatment. The micrometric data of testicular sections also indicated significant decline in the number of spermatogonia, while the cross-sectional area of the sperm heads remained significantly higher in the CSn and C groups. Conclusion Except for Solanum nigrum,the three FPEs, especially Ficus carica,showed rehabilitative properties against CCl4 exposure-related modifications in testicular histopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nadia Ahmad
- Government Associate College for Women Bhera, District Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Usma Abdullah
- Government Degree College for Women Mianwali, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, District Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, District Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Umara Amir-ud-din
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, District Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Iram Inayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, District Sargodha, Pakistan
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Sadaf K, Ahmad KR, Ahmad SN, Kanwal U, Suleman S, Aslam Z, Inayat I, Siddique S, Kanwal MA. Mitigating properties of vitamin E and olive oil on the teratomorphogenic impacts of lambda-cyhalothrin in developing chick embryos. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1901-1905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Suleman S, Kanwal MA, Malik F, Ali R, Siddique S, Kanwal N, Ahmad SN, Younis A, Hussain I, Ahmad KR. Jambul ( Syzygium cumini) Pulp Extract Enhances Viability, Motility, and In Vitro Fertilizability of Cryopreserved Bovine Semen. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 19:53-59. [PMID: 33085529 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the ameliorative capacity of Syzygium cumini fruit Pulp Extract (SPE) on cryopreserved bovine semen, three ejaculates each of three fertile bulls (total nine samples) were collected. Each sample was mixed with semen dilution medium in 1:2 ratios, centrifuged, and 50% of the supernatant was discarded. The remaining sample was mixed with semen cryopreservation extender (SCE) in 1:4 ratios. Three aliquots (0.3 mL) of each extended semen sample were further diluted with (1) 0.7 mL SCE (SCE group), (2) 0.7 mL SCE containing SPE equivalent to 7 ppm total antioxidants (SPE7 group), and (3) 0.7 mL SCE equivalent to 14 ppm antioxidants (SPE14 group). For each aliquot, semen quality was analyzed in situ as well as after cryopreservation. Results show significant improvement in sperm membrane integrity, motility, and fertilizability in SPE7 (63.5% ± 2.04%, 56.22% ± 1.7%, 51.1%, respectively) and SPE14 (68% ± 1.12%, 63.67% ± 1.06%, 57.7%, respectively) than the SCE group (62.33% ± 1.22%, 54.9% ± 1.34%, 48.8%, respectively). Similarly, significant improvement in the mean percent number of progressively motile sperm at the expense of the mean percent twitching, shaking, and whirling spermatozoa, both before and after cryopreservation, were observed in SPE7 (72 ± 1.06, 61.2 ± 1.2) and SPE14 (78.89 ± 1.12, 67 ± 1.32) groups to that of the SCE (59.6 ± 0.97, 52.3 ± 3.5). In addition, the mean percent of progressively motile spermatozoa showing 20 μm/s or above velocity, before and after cryopreservation, were significantly higher in SPE7 (58.9 ± 4.7, 43.6 ± 1.5) and SPE14 (66.9 ± 0.8, 51.3 ± 0.8) groups than that of the SCE (42.3 ± 3.1, 30 ± 2.4). These findings indicate that SPE can significantly improve various quality parameters of the cryopreserved bovine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Fiza Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rabiyah Ali
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saira Siddique
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naila Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Younis
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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