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Bala AA, Mohammed M, Umar S, Ungogo MA, Al-Kassim Hassan M, Abdussalam US, Ahmad MH, Ishaq DU, Mana D, Sha'aban A, Jatau AI, Jibril M, Kurfi B, Raji I, Ringim AS, Gulma K, Malami S, Michael GC, Chedi BAZ. Pre-clinical efficacy of African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming: A systematic review. Toxicon 2023; 224:107035. [PMID: 36706926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has listed Snakebite Envenoming (SBE) as a priority neglected tropical disease, with a worldwide annual snakebite affecting 5.4 million people and injuring 2.7 million lives. In many parts of rural areas of Africa and Asia, medicinal plants have been used as alternatives to conventional antisnake venom (ASV) due in part to inaccessibility to hospitals. Systemic reviews (SR) of laboratory-based preclinical studies play an essential role in drug discovery. We conducted an SR to evaluate the relationship between interventional medicinal plants and their observed effects on venom-induced experiments. This SR was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The Modified collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal data from experimental studies (CAMARADES) and SYRCLE's risk of bias tools were used to appraise the included studies. Data were searched online in Medline via PubMed, Embase via OVID, and Scopus. Studies reporting in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities of African medicinal plants/extracts/constituents against venom-induced pathologies were identified and included for screening. Data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized. Ten studies reported statistically significant percentage protection (40-100%) of animals against venom-induced lethality compared with control groups that received no medicinal plant intervention. Sixteen studies reported significant effects (p ≤ 0.05) against venom-induced pathologies compared with the control group; these include hemolytic, histopathologic, necrotic, and anti-enzymatic effects. The plant family Fabaceae has the highest number of studies reporting its efficacy, followed by Annonaceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Olacaceae. Some African medicinal plants are preclinically effective against venom-induced lethality, hematotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. The evidence was extracted from three in vitro studies, nine in vivo studies, and five studies that combined both in vivo and in vitro models. The effective plants belong to the Fabaceae family, followed by Malvaceae, and Annonaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal A Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Saifullahi Umar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Marzuq A Ungogo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810107, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Umar S Abdussalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital City University, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Daha U Ishaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science,Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, China
| | - Dillos Mana
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Bingham University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sha'aban
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Abubakar I Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Murtala Jibril
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Binta Kurfi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science,Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila Raji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar S Ringim
- Morgan State University, Patuxent Environmental and Aquatic Research Laboratory, Maryland, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Kabiru Gulma
- School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Gambia
| | - Sani Malami
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Godpower C Michael
- Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Basheer A Z Chedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Venom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria- Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre(NSRIC), Nigeria
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Bala AA, Mohammed M, Umar S, Ungogo MA, Hassan MAK, Abdussalam US, Ahmad MH, Ishaq DU, Mana D, Sha’aban A, Jatau AI, Jibril M, Kurfi B, Raji I, Malami S, Michael GC, Chedi BZA. Preclinical efficacy of African medicinal plants used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming: a systematic review protocol. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361211072644. [PMID: 35237433 PMCID: PMC8882943 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211072644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a high-priority, neglected, tropical disease
that affects millions of people in developing countries annually. The only
available standard drug used for the treatment of SBE is antisnake venom
(ASV) which consists of immunoglobulins that have been purified from the
plasma of animals hyper-immunized against snake venoms. The use of plants as
alternatives for treatment of poisonous bites particularly snakebites is
important in remote areas where there might be limited, or no access to
hospitals and storage facilities for antivenom. The pharmacological activity
of some of the medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of SBE
have also been scientifically validated. Method: A systematic review will be conducted according to the Collaborative Approach
to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies
checklist for study quality in animal/in vivo studies. The
tool will be modified and validated to assess in vitro
models and studies that combine in vivo and in
vitro studies. The systematic review will be reported according
to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
English published articles on African medicinal plants used in the treatment
of snakebite envenoming will be searched in Medline, Embase, and Scopus from
2000 to 2021. Dissemination: The findings of the study will be communicated through publication in
peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific conferences. Medicinal
plants have been important sources for the development of many effective
drugs currently available in orthodox medicine. Botanically derived
medicines have played a major role in human societies throughout history.
Plants components used in traditional medicine gained much attention by many
toxinologists as a tool for designing potent antidotes against snake
envenoming. Our systematic review will provide a synthesis of the literature
on the efficacy of these medicinal plants. We will also appraise the
prospects of African medicinal plants with pharmacologically demonstrated
activity against snakebite and envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal A. Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Saifullahi Umar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Umar S. Abdussalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Daha U. Ishaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, NigeriaCenter for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi’an, China
| | - Dillos Mana
- Center for Integrated Health Program Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sha’aban
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar I. Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Murtala Jibril
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Binta Kurfi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Venom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria- Snakebite Research & Intervention Centre (N-SRIC), Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila Raji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Sani Malami
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Basheer Z. A. Chedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, NigeriaVenom-Antivenom Research Project (VASP) and Nigeria- Snakebite Research & Intervention Centre (N-SRIC), Kano, Nigeria
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Zawawi A, Forman R, Smith H, Mair I, Jibril M, Albaqshi MH, Brass A, Derrick JP, Else KJ. In silico design of a T-cell epitope vaccine candidate for parasitic helminth infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008243. [PMID: 32203551 PMCID: PMC7117776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuris trichiura is a parasite that infects 500 million people worldwide, leading to colitis, growth retardation and Trichuris dysentery syndrome. There are no licensed vaccines available to prevent Trichuris infection and current treatments are of limited efficacy. Trichuris infections are linked to poverty, reducing children's educational performance and the economic productivity of adults. We employed a systematic, multi-stage process to identify a candidate vaccine against trichuriasis based on the incorporation of selected T-cell epitopes into virus-like particles. We conducted a systematic review to identify the most appropriate in silico prediction tools to predict histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecule T-cell epitopes. These tools were used to identify candidate MHC-II epitopes from predicted ORFs in the Trichuris genome, selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected epitopes were incorporated into Hepatitis B core antigen virus-like particles (VLPs). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages responded in vitro to VLPs irrespective of whether the VLP also included T-cell epitopes. The VLPs were internalized and co-localized in the antigen presenting cell lysosomes. Upon challenge infection, mice vaccinated with the VLPs+T-cell epitopes showed a significantly reduced worm burden, and mounted Trichuris-specific IgM and IgG2c antibody responses. The protection of mice by VLPs+T-cell epitopes was characterised by the production of mesenteric lymph node (MLN)-derived Th2 cytokines and goblet cell hyperplasia. Collectively our data establishes that a combination of in silico genome-based CD4+ T-cell epitope prediction, combined with VLP delivery, offers a promising pipeline for the development of an effective, safe and affordable helminth vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Zawawi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Forman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Smith
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Mair
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Murtala Jibril
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Munirah H. Albaqshi
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Brass
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jibril M, Egunsola O. Is tenofovir/emtricitabine teratogenic? Ther Adv Drug Saf 2013; 4:115-7. [PMID: 25083255 DOI: 10.1177/2042098613485276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Truvada(®) (tenofovir/emtricitabine) and nevirapine combination is increasingly being prescribed for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. There is presently no documented evidence of teratogenicity of either tenofovir/emtricitabine or nevirapine. We report two cases of spina bifida in infants of mothers on this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtala Jibril
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano State, Nigeria and Alnoury Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Egunsola
- Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby, UK
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