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Keresteš V, Kubeš J, Applová L, Kollárová P, Lenčová-Popelová O, Melnikova I, Karabanovich G, Khazeem MM, Bavlovič-Piskáčková H, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Austin CA, Roh J, Štěrba M, Šimůnek T, Jirkovská A. Exploring the effects of topoisomerase II inhibitor XK469 on anthracycline cardiotoxicity and DNA damage. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:288-302. [PMID: 38290791 PMCID: PMC10964739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, rank among the most effective agents in classical anticancer chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity remains the main limitation of their clinical use. Topoisomerase IIβ has recently been identified as a plausible target of anthracyclines in cardiomyocytes. We examined the putative topoisomerase IIβ selective agent XK469 as a potential cardioprotective and designed several new analogs. In our experiments, XK469 inhibited both topoisomerase isoforms (α and β) and did not induce topoisomerase II covalent complexes in isolated cardiomyocytes and HL-60, but induced proteasomal degradation of topoisomerase II in these cell types. The cardioprotective potential of XK469 was studied on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, where dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved cardioprotective, was effective. Initially, XK469 prevented daunorubicin-induced toxicity and p53 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. However, it only partially prevented the phosphorylation of H2AX and did not affect DNA damage measured by Comet Assay. It also did not compromise the daunorubicin antiproliferative effect in HL-60 leukemic cells. When administered to rabbits to evaluate its cardioprotective potential in vivo, XK469 failed to prevent the daunorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in either acute or chronic settings. In the following in vitro analysis, we found that prolonged and continuous exposure of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to XK469 led to significant toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence on the effects of XK469 and its combination with daunorubicin in clinically relevant doses in cardiomyocytes. Despite its promising characteristics, long-term treatments and in vivo experiments have not confirmed its cardioprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Keresteš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kollárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mushtaq M Khazeem
- National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate 79R2+RXM, Iraq
| | - Hana Bavlovič-Piskáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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Khazeem MM, Casement JW, Schlossmacher G, Kenneth NS, Sumbung NK, Chan JYT, McGow JF, Cowell IG, Austin CA. TOP2B Is Required to Maintain the Adrenergic Neural Phenotype and for ATRA-Induced Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5987-6008. [PMID: 35831557 PMCID: PMC9463316 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used to study retinoic acid (RA)-induced gene expression and differentiation and as a tool to study neurodegenerative disorders. SH-SY5Y cells predominantly exhibit adrenergic neuronal properties, but they can also exist in an epigenetically interconvertible alternative state with more mesenchymal characteristics; as a result, these cells can be used to study gene regulation circuitry controlling neuroblastoma phenotype. Using a combination of pharmacological inhibition and targeted gene inactivation, we have probed the requirement for DNA topoisomerase IIB (TOP2B) in RA-induced gene expression and differentiation and in the balance between adrenergic neuronal versus mesenchymal transcription programmes. We found that expression of many, but not all genes that are rapidly induced by ATRA in SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced in the TOP2B null cells; these genes include BCL2, CYP26A1, CRABP2, and NTRK2. Comparing gene expression profiles in wild-type versus TOP2B null cells, we found that long genes and genes expressed at a high level in WT SH-SY5Y cells were disproportionately dependent on TOP2B. Notably, TOP2B null SH-SY5Y cells upregulated mesenchymal markers vimentin (VIM) and fibronectin (FN1) and components of the NOTCH signalling pathway. Enrichment analysis and comparison with the transcription profiles of other neuroblastoma-derived cell lines supported the conclusion that TOP2B is required to fully maintain the adrenergic neural-like transcriptional signature of SH-SY5Y cells and to suppress the alternative mesenchymal epithelial-like epigenetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq M Khazeem
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - John W Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - George Schlossmacher
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Niall S Kenneth
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Nielda K Sumbung
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Janice Yuen Tung Chan
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jade F McGow
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian G Cowell
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Caroline A Austin
- The Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Khazeem MM, Cowell IG, Harkin LF, Casement JW, Austin CA. Transcription of carbonyl reductase 1 is regulated by DNA topoisomerase II beta. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3395-3405. [PMID: 32767399 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) has a role in transcriptional regulation. Here, to further investigate transcriptional regulation by TOP2B, we used RNA-sequencing and real-time PCR to analyse the differential gene expression profiles of wild-type and two independent TOP2B-null pre-B Nalm-6 cell lines, one generated by targeted insertion and the other using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. We identified carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) among the most significantly downregulated genes in these TOP2B-null cells. Reduced CBR1 expression was accompanied by loss of binding of the transcription factors USF2 and MAX to the CBR1 promoter. We describe possible mechanisms by which loss of TOP2B results in CBR1 downregulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a link between TOP2B and CBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq M Khazeem
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian G Cowell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren F Harkin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John W Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Austin CA, Lee KC, Swan RL, Khazeem MM, Manville CM, Cridland P, Treumann A, Porter A, Morris NJ, Cowell IG. TOP2B: The First Thirty Years. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092765. [PMID: 30223465 PMCID: PMC6163646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases (EC 5.99.1.3) are enzymes that catalyse topological changes in DNA in an ATP dependent manner. Strand passage reactions involve passing one double stranded DNA duplex (transported helix) through a transient enzyme-bridged break in another (gated helix). This activity is required for a range of cellular processes including transcription. Vertebrates have two isoforms: topoisomerase IIα and β. Topoisomerase IIβ was first reported in 1987. Here we review the research on DNA topoisomerase IIβ over the 30 years since its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ka C Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Swan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Mushtaq M Khazeem
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Catriona M Manville
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Peter Cridland
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Achim Treumann
- NUPPA, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Andrew Porter
- NUPPA, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Nick J Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ian G Cowell
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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