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Fernández de Gamarra-Oca L, Lucas-Jiménez O, Ontañón JM, Loureiro-Gonzalez B, Peña J, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, García-Guerrero MA, Ojeda N, Zubiaurre-Elorza L. Amygdala structure and function and its associations with social-emotional outcomes in a low-risk preterm sample. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:477-488. [PMID: 38236400 PMCID: PMC10917835 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Amygdala atypical volume development and functional connectivity (FC) at small gestational ages (GA) have been found across childhood. This adult-oriented study assesses whether altered amygdala structure and function is present following low-risk preterm birth. T1-weighted and resting-state functional MRI images of 33 low-risk preterm (30-36 weeks' GA) and 29 full-term (37-42 weeks' GA) young adults of both sexes, aged between 20 and 32 years old, were analyzed using FreeSurfer (v6.0.0) and Coon Toolbox (v21.a). The social-emotional assessment included Happé's Strange Stories Test, the Moral Judgment Test, Delay-Discounting Test, Adult Self Report, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. No differences were found in social-emotional outcomes or amygdala volumes between the groups. Low-risk preterm young adults showed increased FC between the left amygdala, right amygdala and medial frontal cortex (MedFC) (F = 9.89, p-FWE = 0.009) at cluster level compared to their full-term peers. However, significant results at connection level were not observed between left and right amygdala. Lastly, increased FC at cluster level between the right amygdala and MedFC, and left amygdala and MedFC, was related to better social-emotional outcomes only in low-risk preterm young adults (F = 6.60, p-FWE = 0.036) at cluster level. At connection level, in contrast, only right amygdala-MedFC increased FC was significantly associated with better social-emotional outcomes. This study reveals that low-risk prematurity does not have an effect on social-emotional outcomes or structural amygdala volumes during young adulthood. However, individuals who were considered to be at a lower risk of exhibiting neurodevelopmental alterations following preterm birth demonstrated increased FC between the left and right amygdala and MedFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J M Ontañón
- OSATEK, MR Unit, Galdakao Hospital, Galdakao, Spain
| | - B Loureiro-Gonzalez
- Division of Neonatology, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Peña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - N Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M A García-Guerrero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - N Ojeda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - L Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Sáez-Atxukarro O, Del Pino R, Peña J, Schretlen DJ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N. UD Interference Test: creation and validation of a new instrument of resistance to interference. Normalisation and standardisation for Spanish population. Neurologia 2023; 38:566-576. [PMID: 37437656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The UD Interference Test measures processing speed and attention, and is based on the concept of interference of the Stroop Color and Word Test. The main purpose of the study is to provide an alternative version of the Stroop Color and Word Test that overcomes some of the limitations of previous versions in assessing individuals with daltonism or age-related reading difficulties, and to obtain normative and standardised data for the Spanish population. METHODS This study is part of the Normacog project. We evaluated 905 individuals (age range, 18-93 years) to analyse the test's reliability and concurrent and construct validity. We evaluated the effect of age, sex, and level of education on UD Interference Test performance and calculated percentiles and age- and education-adjusted scaled scores. RESULTS The test has good reliability (α = 0.875) and concurrent (r = 0.443-0.725; P < .001) and construct validity (r = 0.472-0.737; P < .001). We observed age and educational level to have a significant effect on UD Interference Test scores, explaining 12% to 40% of variance. Sex only had a significant effect on the resistance to interference index. CONCLUSIONS We present an alternative version of the Stroop Color and Word Test with some advantages over previous versions. We provide standardised and normalised data for the Spanish population to correct the test according to the subject's age and level of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sáez-Atxukarro
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - R Del Pino
- Grupo de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J Peña
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - D J Schretlen
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Ciencias del Comportamiento; Facultad de Medicina; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departamento Russell H. Morgan de Radiología y Ciencias Radiológicas; Facultad de Medicina; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - N Ojeda
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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Sáez-Atxukarro O, Del Pino R, Peña J, Schretlen DJ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N. UD Interference Test: Creation and validation of a new instrument of resistance to interference. Normalization and standardization for Spanish population. Neurologia 2021; 38:S0213-4853(21)00031-1. [PMID: 33722456 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The UD Interference Test measures processing speed and attention, and is based on the concept of interference of the Stroop Test. The main purpose of the study is to provide an alternative version of the Stroop Test that overcomes some of the limitations of previous versions in assessing individuals with daltonism or age-related reading difficulties, and to obtain normative and standardised data for the Spanish population. METHODS This study is part of the Normacog project. We evaluated 905 individuals (age range, 18-93 years) to analyse the test's reliability and concurrent and construct validity. We evaluated the effect of age, sex, and level of education on UD Interference Test performance and calculated percentiles and age- and education-adjusted scaled scores. RESULTS The test has good reliability (α = 0.875) and concurrent (r = 0.443-0.725; p < .001) and construct validity (r = 0.472-0.737; p < .001). We observed age and educational level to have a significant effect on UD Interference Test scores, explaining 12-40% of variance. Sex only had a significant effect on the resistance to interference index. CONCLUSIONS We present an alternative version of the Stroop Color and Word Test with some advantages over previous versions. We provide standardised and normalised data for the Spanish population to correct the test according to the subject's age and level of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sáez-Atxukarro
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | - R Del Pino
- Grupo de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Barakaldo, España
| | - J Peña
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | - D J Schretlen
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Ciencias del Comportamiento; Facultad de Medicina; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, EE. UU.; Departamento Russell H. Morgan de Radiología y Ciencias Radiológicas; Facultad de Medicina; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, EE. UU
| | - N Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | - N Ojeda
- Departamento de Métodos y Fundamentos de la Psicología; Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España.
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Sáez-Atxukarro O, Del Pino R, Peña J, Schretlen DJ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N. [Brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R): normalization and standardization for Spanish population]. Rev Neurol 2021; 72:299-306. [PMID: 33908616 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7209.2020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R) assesses visuospatial learning and memory in adults. It has equivalent forms that allow reassessing patients. AIM To obtain normative and standardized data for the BVMT-R taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics of the Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present study is part of the Normacog Project. Nine hundred three participants (18 to 93 years old) were assessed using the BVMT-R (form 1). The effect of age, level of education and gender was analyzed on the BVMT-R, and percentiles and scalar scores adjusted by age and level of education were created. RESULTS A significant effect of age and educational level on the analyzed variables was observed (trial 1; total recall; trial 4; discrimination index), explaining from 12% to 40% of the variance. The older and less educated participants obtained lower performance in all the analyzed variables of the BVMT-R. Gender had not a significant effect in the analyzed variables. CONCLUSION The study provides standardized and normalized data for the BVMT-R taking into account the Spanish sociodemographic characteristics. The results confirm the in?uence of age and level of education in the performance of the test, so normative data are provided to correct the BVMT-R taking into account these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Del Pino
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Barakaldo, España
| | - J Peña
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | | | | | - N Ojeda
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
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Sáez-Atxukarro O, Del Pino R, Peña J, Schretlen DJ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N. [Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised: normalization and standardization for Spanish population]. Rev Neurol 2021; 72:35-42. [PMID: 33438193 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7202.2020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised (HVLT-R) was originally created with the objective of providing a short verbal memory and learning test with six alternative forms that allow the re-administration. AIM To obtain normative and standardized data for the HVLT-R taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics of the current Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study is part of the Normacog Project. Seven hundred participants (18 to 90 years old) were assessed. The effect of age, level of education and gender on the performance of HVLT-R were analyzed, and percentiles and scalar scores adjusted by age and level of education were created. RESULTS A significant effect of age and educational level on the analyzed variables of the test was observed, explaining from 15% to 29% of the variance (trial 1, total recall, trial 4, discrimination index). As expected, the older and less educated obtained lower performance in all the analyzed variables of the HVLT-R. However, sex only had a significant effect on the variables trial 1, total recall and discrimination index. CONCLUSION This study provides standardized and normalized data for the HVLT-R for the Spanish population, offering current norms to clinicians and researchers. The results confirm the influence of age and level of education on all the indicators of the test, so normative data are provided to correct the HVLT-R taking into account these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Del Pino
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Bizkaia, Barakaldo, España
| | - J Peña
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
| | | | | | - N Ojeda
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España
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Lucas-Jiménez O, Gabilondo I, Ojeda N, Peña J, Murueta-Goyena A, Gómez-Esteban J, Del Pino R, Acera M, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. Phonetic but not semantic verbal fluency impairment based on side-onset in Lewy body diseases. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sanchez-Luengos I, Lucas-Jimenez O, Peña J, Ojeda N, Gómez-Esteban J, Gómez-Beldarrain M, Vázquez-Picón R, Foncea-Beti N, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. Predictors of quality of life in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Whereas the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia is widely known, studies examining mechanisms for functional improvement are still scarce. The aim of the study was to examine the mediational mechanisms through which cognitive rehabilitation improves functioning in schizophrenia. One hundred and eleven schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to either a 4-month cognitive rehabilitation group or an active control group. Patients underwent a neurocognitive battery (including processing speed, verbal memory, working memory and executive functioning) and social cognition assessment (emotion perception, theory of mind and social perception). Functioning was assessed by the combined use of a performance-based instrument, the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA) and an observer-rated instrument, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02796417). Multiple mediational analyses revealed that the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on functional improvement was partially mediated by changes in processing speed and verbal memory, but not by the domains of social cognition and negative symptoms. More specifically, verbal memory partially mediated the treatment's effect on performance-based functioning (UPSA), whereas processing speed acted as a partial mediator for observer-rated functioning (GAF). The effect of rehabilitation on functioning did not take place through all the domains that showed significant improvement. Verbal memory and processing speed emerged as the most crucial factors. However, these complex interactions need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - N Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - P Sánchez
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Red de Salud Mental de Araba, Osakidetza, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J J Uriarte
- Red de Salud Mental de Bizkaia Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
| | - E Elizagarate
- Refractory Psychosis Unit, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Red de Salud Mental de Araba, Osakidetza, Vitoria, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Vizcaya, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gutierrez
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Vizcaya, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Alava-Sede Santiago, Vitoria, Spain
| | - N Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Ojeda N, Del Pino R, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Schretlen DJ, Pena J. [Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test: normalization and standardization for Spanish population]. Rev Neurol 2016; 63:488-496. [PMID: 27874165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening test that assesses the general cognitive state. It has become very popular and useful as an alternative resource for the traditional Mini-Mental State Examination. AIM To normalize and to standardize the MoCA taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics of the Spanish population (INE data, 2012). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present study is part of the Normacog Project. Seven hundred participants were recruited (older than 18 years old). The effect of age, level of education and sex was analyzed on the performance of MoCA and percentiles and scalar score for nine ranges of age and scalar score adjusted by the level of education. RESULTS Results showed a significant effect of age, level of education and sex on the cognitive performance of MoCA. However, sex was only significant in two domains (attention and delayed recall). Age, education and sex explained from 1.0% to 32.3% of the variance of the performance. The older participants with lower level of formal education obtained the worse performance shown in MoCA. Percentiles and scalar score for each range of age, and scalar score adjusted by the level of education were obtained. CONCLUSION The normative data of the MoCA is provided taking into account the Spanish sociodemographic characteristics for adults in Spain and the cut-off to distinguish between normal cognitive performance and mild cognitive impairment according to different range of ages have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ojeda
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Espana
| | | | | | - D J Schretlen
- Universidad Johns Hopkins, 21205 Baltimore, MD, EE.UU
| | - J Pena
- Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Espana
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Pujol N, Penadés R, Junqué C, Dinov I, Fu CHY, Catalán R, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Bargalló N, Bernardo M, Toga A, Howard RJ, Costafreda SG. Hippocampal abnormalities and age in chronic schizophrenia: morphometric study across the adult lifespan. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:369-75. [PMID: 25213158 PMCID: PMC4217027 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these abnormalities worsen with age, and whether they affect cognition and function. AIMS To determine whether hippocampal abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia are associated with age, cognition and socio-occupational function. METHOD Using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging we scanned 100 persons aged 19-82 years: 51 were out-patients with stable schizophrenia at least 2 years after diagnosis and 49 were healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. Automated analysis was used to determine hippocampal volume and shape. RESULTS There were differential effects of age in the schizophrenia and control samples on total hippocampal volume (group × age interaction: F(1,95) = 6.57, P = 0.012), with steeper age-related reduction in the schizophrenia group. Three-dimensional shape analysis located the age-related deformations predominantly in the mid-body of the hippocampus. In the schizophrenia group similar patterns of morphometric abnormalities were correlated with impaired cognition and poorer socio-occupational function. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal abnormalities are associated with age in people with chronic schizophrenia, with a steeper decline than in healthy individuals. These abnormalities are associated with cognitive and functional deficits, suggesting that hippocampal morphometry may be a biomarker for cognitive decline in older patients with schizophrenia.
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Baggio H, Segura B, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Valldeoriola F, Marti M, Compta Y, Tolosa E, Junqué C. Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson's disease patients. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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