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Flurie M, Converse M, Wassman ER, LaMoreaux B, Edwards NL, Flowers C, Hernandez D, Hernandez HW, Ho G, Parker C, DeFelice C, Picone M. Social Listening in Gout: Impact of Proactive vs. Reactive Management on Self-Reported Emotional States. Rheumatol Ther 2024; 11:301-311. [PMID: 38253955 PMCID: PMC10920499 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-023-00637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize patient-reported outcomes from social media conversations in the gout community. The impact of management strategy differences on the community's emotional states was explored. METHODS We analyzed two social media sources using a variety of natural language processing techniques. We isolated conversations with a high probability of discussing disease management (score > 0.99). These conversations were stratified by management type: proactive or reactive. The polarity (positivity/negativity) of language and emotions conveyed in statements shared by community members was assessed by management type. RESULTS Among the statements related to management, reactive management (e.g., urgent care) was mentioned in 0.5% of statements, and proactive management (e.g., primary care) was mentioned in 0.6% of statements. Reactive management statements had a significantly larger proportion of negative words (59%) than did proactive management statements (44%); "fear" occurred more frequently with reactive statements, whereas "trust" predominated in proactive statements. Allopurinol was the most common medication in proactive management statements, whereas reactive management had significantly higher counts of prednisone/steroid mentions. CONCLUSIONS A unique aspect of examining gout-related social media conversations is the ability to better understand the intersection of clinical management and emotional impacts in the gout community. The effect of social media statements was significantly stratified by management type for gout community members, where proactive management statements were characterized by more positive language than reactive management statements. These results suggest that proactive disease management may result in more positive mental and emotional experiences in patients with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Ho
- TREND Community, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Gout Support Group of America, Austin, TX, USA
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Morillon MB, Nørup A, Singh JA, Dalbeth N, Taylor WJ, Kennedy MA, Pedersen BM, Grainger R, Tugwell P, Perez-Ruiz F, Diaz-Torne C, Edwards NL, Shea B, Ellingsen TJ, Christensen R, Stamp LK. Outcome reporting in randomized trials in gout: A systematic scoping review from the OMERACT gout working group assessing the uptake of the core outcome set. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 60:152191. [PMID: 36963128 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The selection and reporting of core outcome measures in clinical trials is essential for patients, researchers, and healthcare providers for clinical research to have an impact on healthcare. In this systematic scoping review, we aimed to quantify the extent to which gout clinical trials are collecting and reporting data in accordance with the core outcome domains from Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) published in 2009 applicable for both acute and chronic trials and evaluate the reporting according to the core domains before and after the 2009 OMERACT endorsement. METHODS We searched multiple databases PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and www. CLINICALTRIALS gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) allocating people with gout versus an active pharmacological gout treatment or a control comparator (no date limitation). We extracted the data in accordance with the core outcome sets, focusing individually on core outcome domains and the core outcome measurements for acute and chronic trials, respectively. In this study 'Acute trials' reflect studies that describe interventions for short term management of gout flares, and 'chronic trials' describe interventions for long-term urate lowering therapy in the management of gout. RESULTS From 8,522 records identified in the database search, 134 full text papers were reviewed, and 71 trials were included, of which 36 were acute and 35 were chronic. Only 3 of 36 (8%) acute trials reported all five core domains and none of the 35 included chronic trials reported all 7 core domains. In the acute trials, twenty-seven unique measurement instruments across the 5 core domains were identified. For chronic trials there were 31 unique measurement instruments used across the 7 core domains. Serum urate was reported in 100% of the chronic trials and gout flares in 80%. However, other core domains were reported in <30% of chronic trials. In particular the patient-important domains such as HR-QOL, patient global assessment and activity limitations were rarely reported. A broad variety of different measurement instruments were used to assess each endorsed core domain, a minority of trials used the OMERACT endorsed instruments. For acute trials, the number reporting on all core domains was consistently low and no change was detected before and after the endorsement of the core domains in 2009. None of the included chronic trials reported on all 7 endorsed core domains at any time. CONCLUSION In this study we found a low adherence with the intended endorsed (i.e., core) outcome domains for acute and chronic gout studies which represents a poor uptake of the global OMERACT efforts for the minimum of what should be measured in clinical trials. In addition, there is a significant variation in how the OMERACT endorsed outcome domains have been measured. This systematic review demonstrates the need for continuous encouragement among gout researchers to adhere to OMERACT core domains as well as further guidance on outcome measurements reporting. REGISTRATION Prospero: CRD42019151316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B Morillon
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark & Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Alexander Nørup
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark & Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Rebecca Grainger
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Division, Osakidetza, OSI-EE Cruces, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torne
- Rheumatology Department. Hospital de la Sant Pau. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beverley Shea
- Clinical Epidemiology program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Torkell J Ellingsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; the Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, the Faculty of Health Sciences, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark & Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Singh JA, Edwards NL. Gout management and outcomes during established COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021: a cross-sectional Internet survey. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221096381. [PMID: 35586516 PMCID: PMC9109485 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the management of gout in established COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We assessed medication use, health care utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), resilience, illness perception, and health literacy in people with physician-diagnosed self-reported gout in established COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Results Among the 130 survey respondents with gout, the mean age was 62.8 years, 65% were male, 83% were White, 59% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and health literacy was adequate in 80%. A third of survey respondents reported more difficulty with their gout management since September 2020. Gout-specific HRQOL deficits were evident. Moderate-severe psychological distress was seen in 22%, and resilience score was 6.5 [standard deviation (SD), 1.9; range, 0-8]. Adjusted for age and sex, compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with significantly higher odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of more difficulty with (1) getting health care for gout in clinic, 3.7 (1.0, 13.2); emergency room/urgent care, 8.1 (1.4, 45.0); and in the hospital, 9.8 (1.6, 59.6); (2) getting gout flares treated, 6.6 (1.6, 26.8); (3) avoiding gout complications, 4.5 (1.2, 16.7); and (4) daily activities at home, 4.2 (1.3, 14.1), and performing work, 4.1 (1.2, 13.6). Conclusion Respondents with gout reported health care gaps, low rates of ULT prescription, high psychological distress, and HRQOL deficits during established COVID-19 pandemic. Moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with difficulties in health care access and gout management. Interventions to address these challenges in gout management are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A. Singh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Alabama, Faculty Office Tower 805B, 510 20th Street S,
Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Medicine Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center,
Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology at School of Public
Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N. Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Florida, Gainesville,
FL, USA
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Botson JK, Baraf HSB, Keenan RT, Albert J, Masri KR, Peterson J, Yung C, Freyne B, Amin M, Abdellatif A, Soloman N, Edwards NL, Strand V. Expert Opinion on Pegloticase with Concomitant Immunomodulatory Therapy in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Gout to Improve Efficacy, Safety, and Durability of Response. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:12-19. [PMID: 35167037 PMCID: PMC8866281 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Gout is a systemic disease from which some patients develop numerous painful tophi that adversely affect quality of life and functionality. Some patients treated with oral urate-lowering therapy are unable to maintain serum urate levels below 6 mg/dL, and these patients, thus classified as having refractory or uncontrolled gout, often require therapy with pegloticase to reduce symptoms and tophaceous burden. The objective of this expert opinion review is to summarize the available evidence supporting the use of concomitant immunomodulators with pegloticase to prevent development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) when treating patients with uncontrolled gout. Recent Findings Emerging evidence suggests that adding an immunomodulator to pegloticase therapy can substantially increase response rates to double those observed in phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Summary The combination of immunomodulation with pegloticase should be considered in routine clinical practice to improve durability of response, efficacy, and safety among patients with uncontrolled gout who otherwise have limited therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Botson
- Orthopedic Physicians Alaska 3801 Lake Otis Pkwy, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - Herbert S B Baraf
- The Center for Rheumatology and Bone Research, 2730 University Blvd. West, Suite 310, Wheaton, MD, 20902, USA
| | - Robert T Keenan
- Duke University School of Medicine Duke Medicine Circle, 124 Davison Building, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John Albert
- Rheumatic Disease Center, 7080 N. Port Washington Road, Glendale, WI, 53217, USA
| | - Karim R Masri
- Rheumatology OnDemand, LLC 405 Welwyn Rd, Henrico, VA, 23229, USA
| | - Jeff Peterson
- The Seattle Arthritis Clinic, Kirkland, WA, 98033, USA
| | - Christianne Yung
- Private Practice, 2482 W Horizon Ridge Parkway, Suite 130, Henderson, NV, 89052, USA
| | - Brigid Freyne
- Rheumatology Internal Medicine 39755, Murrieta Hot Springs Rd, Ste. F110, Murrieta, CA, 92563, USA
| | - Mona Amin
- Arizona Arthritis and Rheumatology Associates, 11943 East Beryl Ave, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Abdul Abdellatif
- Baylor College of Medicine, 600 N Kobayashi Rd., Ste 312, Webster, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Nehad Soloman
- Arizona Arthritis and Rheumatology Associates, 9097 W Roberta Ln, Phoenix, AZ, 85383, USA
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Room 4102, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University, 306 Ramona Road, Portola Valley, CA, 94028, USA
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Mandell BF, Fields TR, Edwards NL, Yeo AE, Lipsky PE. Post-hoc analysis of pegloticase pivotal trials in chronic refractory gout: relationship between fluctuations in plasma urate levels and acute flares. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021; 39:1085-1092. [DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/b7jjnb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian F. Mandell
- Department of Rheumatologic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Theodore R. Fields
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Cai K, Fuller A, Zhang Y, Hensey O, Grossberg D, Christensen R, Shea B, Singh JA, McCarthy GM, Rosenthal AK, Filippou G, Taylor WJ, Diaz-Torne C, Stamp LK, Edwards NL, Pascart T, Becce F, Nielsen SM, Tugwell P, Beaton D, Abhishek A, Tedeschi SK, Dalbeth N. Towards development of core domain sets for short term and long term studies of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease: A framework paper by the OMERACT CPPD working group. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:946-950. [PMID: 34140183 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) is common, there are no published outcome domains or validated measurement instruments for CPPD studies. In this paper, we describe the framework for development of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) CPPD Core Domain Sets. METHODS The OMERACT CPPD working group performed a scoping literature review and qualitative interview study. Generated outcomes were presented at the 2020 OMERACT CPPD virtual Special Interest Group (SIG) meeting with discussion focused on whether different core domain sets should be developed for different calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) clinical presentations and how the future CPPD Core Domain Set may overlap with already established osteoarthritis (OA) domains. These discussions informed development of a future work plan for development of the OMERACT CPPD Core Domain Sets. FINDINGS Domains identified from a scoping review of 112 studies and a qualitative interview study of 36 people (28 patients with CPPD, 7 health care professionals, one stakeholder) were mapped to core areas of OMERACT Filter 2.1. The majority of SIG participants agreed there was need to develop separate core domain sets for "short term" and "long term" studies of CPPD. Although CPPD + OA is common and core domain sets for OA have been established, participants agreed that existing OA core domain sets should not influence the development of OMERACT core domain sets for CPPD. Prioritization exercises (using Delphi methodology) will consider 40 potential domains for short term studies of CPPD and 47 potential domains for long term studies of CPPD. CONCLUSION Separate OMERACT CPPD Core Domain Sets will be developed for "short term" studies for an individual flare of acute CPP crystal arthritis and for "long term" studies that may include participants with any clinical presentation of CPPD (acute CPP crystal arthritis, chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis, and/or CPPD + OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cai
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Amy Fuller
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Nottingham NIHR-BRC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Owen Hensey
- The Central Remedial Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Grossberg
- Holy Cross Hospital, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Suburban Hospital, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen & Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Beverley Shea
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Epidemiology at the UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Ann K Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Georgios Filippou
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST-Fatebenefratelli L, Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - William J Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torne
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Tristan Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Saint-Philbert, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
| | - Fabio Becce
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina M Nielsen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen & Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dorcas Beaton
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abhishek Abhishek
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Nottingham NIHR-BRC, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Tedeschi
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand
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Singh JA, Edwards NL. Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20966124. [PMID: 33133248 PMCID: PMC7576903 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20966124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to assess the gout management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We assessed medication use, healthcare utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and resilience in people with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Results: Among the 122 survey respondents with physician-diagnosed gout, 82% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and 66% were taking ULT daily; mean age was 54.2 years [standard deviation (SD), 13.8], 65% were male, and 79% were White. More regular use of gout medication was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: allopurinol, 44%; colchicine, 37%; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 36%. Gout flares were common: 63% had ⩾1 gout flare monthly; 11% went to emergency room/urgent care; and 2% were hospitalized with gout flares. Between 41% and 56% of respondents reported more difficulty with gout management and related functional status related to COVID-19; 17–37% had difficulty with healthcare access for gout. HRQOL deficits were evident for gout concern overall, 79.4 (SD, 25); unmet gout treatment need, 64.5 (SD, 27.1); and gout concern during flare, 67.3 (SD, 27.1); but less so for gout medication side effects, 48.9 (SD, 27.4). Psychological distress was moderate in 19% and severe in 15% (mild, 22%; normal, 45%). Resilience score on Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2) was 5.6 (SD, 1.8; range 0–8). Compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate–severe psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with more difficulty getting gout medication filled (p = 0.02), flares treated (p = 0.005), and receiving gout education (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Healthcare gaps, psychological distress, and HRQoL deficits were commonly reported by people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to address these challenges for people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Faculty Office Tower 805B, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Lipsky PE, Edwards NL, Fields TR, Keenan RT, Mandell BF, Schlesinger N. Response to the 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout: Comment on the Article by FitzGerald et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:1506-1507. [PMID: 32702211 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Schlesinger N, Edwards NL, Yeo AE, Lipsky PE. Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:164. [PMID: 32600452 PMCID: PMC7325077 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gout is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with numerous clinical manifestations. A composite means to assess the impact of therapy on numerous aspects of gout could be useful. Methods Results from patients treated with pegloticase or placebo in two randomized clinical trials and their open-label extension were assessed using a novel evidence-based Gout Multivariable Improvement Measure (GMIM) derived from previously reported criteria for remission and complete response. Improvement was defined as serum urate (sU) < 6 mg/dL and absence of flares during the preceding 3 months plus 20, 50, and 70% improvement in tophus size, patient global assessment, pain, and swollen and tender joints. Results Patients treated with pegloticase manifested a significantly greater GMIM20, 50, and 70 response vs those treated with placebo (GMIM20 at 6 months 37.1% vs 0%, respectively). Higher response rates were significantly more frequent in subjects with persistent urate lowering (GMIM 58.1% at 6 months) in response to pegloticase versus those with only transient urate lowering (GMIM 7.1% at 6 months). However, when the requirement for a decrease in sU to < 6 mg/dL was omitted, a substantial percentage of subjects with transient urate lowering met the GMIM clinical criteria. A sensitivity analysis indicated that gout flares contributed minimally to the model. The response measured by GMIM persisted into the open-level extension for as long as 2 years. Finally, subjects who received placebo in the randomized control trials, but pegloticase in the open-label extension, manifested GMIM responses comparable to that noted with pegloticase-treated subjects in the randomized controlled trials. Conclusions GMIM captures changes in disease activity in response to treatment with pegloticase and may serve as an evidence-based tool for assessment of responses to other urate-lowering therapies in gout patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Schlesinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patient perceptions of gout management goals. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional Internet survey of people who visited the Gout and Uric Acid Education Society's website to assess patient/respondent perception of gout management goals. We used chi-square test for categorical or t-test for continuous variables. RESULTS Among the 320 survey respondents with physician-diagnosed gout, mean age was 57 (SD, 13.4) years, 72% were male, 77% White; mean gout duration was 7.6 years (SD, 11), gout flares in the last year were 5.2 (SD, 6.1), and medical comorbidities were common, 2.7 (SD, 2.6). Two-thirds respondents each reported very severe or severe symptoms from gout and that gout ranked among the top two health conditions with a negative impact on quality of life. During a clinic visit, only one-third of respondents' physicians spent 50% of more of the time discussing gout treatment. Only 54% respondents were prescribed ULT by their healthcare provider. By patient preference, the best life-long gout treatment strategies were the lowering of the serum urate level and the control of gout symptoms (62%) followed by serum urate lowering (32%). Respondents considered the following as the most important things for making gout treatment satisfactory: (1) patient education; (2) effective physician-patient communication; (3) diet and lifestyle modification; (4) serum urate monitoring and target achievement; (5) pain management and flare prevention; and (6) medication management. CONCLUSIONS Patient identification of gout symptom control and serum urate level monitoring as the most important treatment goals is informative for clinicians and guideline developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- From the Medicine Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine at School of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology at School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Edwards NL, Schlesinger N, Clark S, Arndt T, Lipsky PE. Management of Gout in the United States: A Claims-based Analysis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:180-187. [PMID: 32114719 PMCID: PMC7077776 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in the United States. Although numerous guidelines exist for the management of gout, they are not routinely implemented. This study evaluated the real‐world practice patterns in gout patients using large administrative claims databases. Methods An analysis of patients diagnosed with gout from October 2015 to November 2018 was carried out using the Symphony Integrated Dataverse and Truven Marketscan administrative claims databases. Patients were identified as having gout if they were more than18 years of age and had 2 or more primary gout diagnoses on different days, separated by 3 or more months. Patients were further identified as having either acute gout or advanced forms of gout including chronic nontophaceous, tophaceous, and uncontrolled gout. Percent and frequency of serum urate testing, rheumatology specialist visits, prescriptions for urate lowering therapies (ULTs), and emergency room (ER) visits for gout flares were evaluated. Results We identified 1 162 747 gout patients. Gout patients were seen most frequently by internists and family medicine practitioners. Neither urate testing nor prescriptions for ULTs were uniform. Patients with acute gout were infrequently seen by rheumatologists, whereas rheumatologist care progressively increased in patients with advanced gout. The frequency of serum urate testing and prescriptions for ULTs significantly increased, whereas the frequency of ER visits decreased in gout patients seen by a rheumatologist. Conclusion Measurement of serum urate and prescriptions for ULTs are not consistent in gout patients. Rheumatologist care increases the frequency of urate measurement and ULT prescriptions and may also improve outcomes for gout patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Bursill D, Taylor WJ, Terkeltaub R, Kuwabara M, Merriman TR, Grainger R, Pineda C, Louthrenoo W, Edwards NL, Andrés M, Vargas-Santos AB, Roddy E, Pascart T, Lin CT, Perez-Ruiz F, Tedeschi SK, Kim SC, Harrold LR, McCarthy G, Kumar N, Chapman PT, Tausche AK, Vazquez-Mellado J, Gutierrez M, da Rocha Castelar-Pinheiro G, Richette P, Pascual E, Fisher MC, Burgos-Vargas R, Robinson PC, Singh JA, Jansen TL, Saag KG, Slot O, Uhlig T, Solomon DH, Keenan RT, Scire CA, Biernat-Kaluza E, Dehlin M, Nuki G, Schlesinger N, Janssen M, Stamp LK, Sivera F, Reginato AM, Jacobsson L, Lioté F, Ea HK, Rosenthal A, Bardin T, Choi HK, Hershfield MS, Czegley C, Choi SJ, Dalbeth N. Gout, Hyperuricemia, and Crystal-Associated Disease Network Consensus Statement Regarding Labels and Definitions for Disease Elements in Gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:427-434. [PMID: 29799677 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The language currently used to describe gout lacks standardization. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement on the labels and definitions used to describe the basic disease elements of gout. METHODS Experts in gout (n = 130) were invited to participate in a Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting to reach consensus on the labeling and definitions for the basic disease elements of gout. Disease elements and labels in current use were derived from a content analysis of the contemporary medical literature, and the results of this analysis were used for item selection in the Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting. RESULTS There were 51 respondents to the Delphi exercise and 30 attendees at the face-to-face meeting. Consensus agreement (≥80%) was achieved for the labels of 8 disease elements through the Delphi exercise; the remaining 3 labels reached consensus agreement through the face-to-face consensus meeting. The agreed labels were monosodium urate crystals, urate, hyperuric(a)emia, tophus, subcutaneous tophus, gout flare, intercritical gout, chronic gouty arthritis, imaging evidence of monosodium urate crystal deposition, gouty bone erosion, and podagra. Participants at the face-to-face meeting achieved consensus agreement for the definitions of all 11 elements and a recommendation that the label "chronic gout" should not be used. CONCLUSION Consensus agreement was achieved for the labels and definitions of 11 elements representing the fundamental components of gout etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation. The Gout, Hyperuricemia, and Crystal-Associated Disease Network recommends the use of these labels when describing the basic disease elements of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bursill
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William J Taylor
- University of Otago, Wellington, and Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Diego
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | | | - Rebecca Grainger
- University of Otago, Wellington, and Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Instituto Nacional Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mariano Andrés
- Hospital Universitario de Alicante and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Tristan Pascart
- Lille Catholic University and Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lomme, France
| | | | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- University of the Basque Country, Biscay, and Cruces University Hospital and Biocruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Sara K Tedeschi
- Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seoyoung C Kim
- Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie R Harrold
- Corrona, LLC, Waltham, and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Anne-Kathrin Tausche
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Richette
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eliseo Pascual
- Hospital Universitario de Alicante and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mark C Fisher
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Boston
| | - Ruben Burgos-Vargas
- Hospital General de México and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Philip C Robinson
- University of Queensland School of Medicine and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, and University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | - Ole Slot
- Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel H Solomon
- Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carlo Alberto Scire
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, and Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mats Dehlin
- Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony M Reginato
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Frédéric Lioté
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Ann Rosenthal
- Medical College of Wisconsin and the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee
| | - Thomas Bardin
- Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital Boston
| | | | - Christine Czegley
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sung Jae Choi
- University of California, San Diego, and Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
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13
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Bursill D, Taylor WJ, Terkeltaub R, Abhishek A, So AK, Vargas-Santos AB, Gaffo AL, Rosenthal A, Tausche AK, Reginato A, Manger B, Sciré C, Pineda C, van Durme C, Lin CT, Yin C, Albert DA, Biernat-Kaluza E, Roddy E, Pascual E, Becce F, Perez-Ruiz F, Sivera F, Lioté F, Schett G, Nuki G, Filippou G, McCarthy G, da Rocha Castelar Pinheiro G, Ea HK, Tupinambá HDA, Yamanaka H, Choi HK, Mackay J, ODell JR, Vázquez Mellado J, Singh JA, Fitzgerald JD, Jacobsson LTH, Joosten L, Harrold LR, Stamp L, Andrés M, Gutierrez M, Kuwabara M, Dehlin M, Janssen M, Doherty M, Hershfield MS, Pillinger M, Edwards NL, Schlesinger N, Kumar N, Slot O, Ottaviani S, Richette P, MacMullan PA, Chapman PT, Lipsky PE, Robinson P, Khanna PP, Gancheva RN, Grainger R, Johnson RJ, Te Kampe R, Keenan RT, Tedeschi SK, Kim S, Choi SJ, Fields TR, Bardin T, Uhlig T, Jansen T, Merriman T, Pascart T, Neogi T, Klück V, Louthrenoo W, Dalbeth N. Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) consensus statement regarding labels and definitions of disease states of gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1592-1600. [PMID: 31501138 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of standardisation in the terminology used to describe gout. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement describing the recommended nomenclature for disease states of gout. METHODS A content analysis of gout-related articles from rheumatology and general internal medicine journals published over a 5-year period identified potential disease states and the labels commonly assigned to them. Based on these findings, experts in gout were invited to participate in a Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting to reach agreement on disease state labels and definitions. RESULTS The content analysis identified 13 unique disease states and a total of 63 unique labels. The Delphi exercise (n=76 respondents) and face-to-face meeting (n=35 attendees) established consensus agreement for eight disease state labels and definitions. The agreed labels were as follows: 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia', 'asymptomatic monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'gout', 'tophaceous gout', 'erosive gout', 'first gout flare' and 'recurrent gout flares'. There was consensus agreement that the label 'gout' should be restricted to current or prior clinically evident disease caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition (gout flare, chronic gouty arthritis or subcutaneous tophus). CONCLUSION Consensus agreement has been established for the labels and definitions of eight gout disease states, including 'gout' itself. The Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network recommends the use of these labels when describing disease states of gout in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bursill
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William J Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Rheumatology Unit, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- Department of Rheumatology, UCSD/ VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Abhishek Abhishek
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander K So
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Service de RMR, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Beatriz Vargas-Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angelo Lino Gaffo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ann Rosenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Translational Research Unit, Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne-Kathrin Tausche
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony Reginato
- Division of Rheumatology, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bernhard Manger
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlo Sciré
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Epidemiology Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Pineda
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Caroline van Durme
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ching-Tsai Lin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Congcong Yin
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Arthur Albert
- Department of Rheumatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Edyta Biernat-Kaluza
- Outpatient Rheumatology Clinic, Nutritional and Lifestyle Medicine Centre, ORLIK, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Roddy
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Eliseo Pascual
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fabio Becce
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Division, Cruces University Hospital, Baracaldo, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Biscay, Spain.,Investigation Group for Arthritis, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Francisca Sivera
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario Elda, Elda, Spain
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Department of Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Rhumatologie, INSERM UMR-1132 and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - George Nuki
- Insititute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georgios Filippou
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | | | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Mackay
- President and CEO, Aristea Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James R ODell
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Janitzia Vázquez Mellado
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General de Mexico and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Department of Medicine at School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Medicine Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Epidemiology at School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John D Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leo Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie R Harrold
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Chief Scientific Officer, Corrona, LLC, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Stamp
- Department of Medicine, Otago University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mariano Andrés
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marwin Gutierrez
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional Rehabilitación, México City, México
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Mats Dehlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matthijs Janssen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Hershfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Department of Rheumatology/Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ole Slot
- Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spinal Disorders, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sebastien Ottaviani
- Department of Rheumatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, University of Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Richette
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paul A MacMullan
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter T Chapman
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- CEO and CMO, AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Philip Robinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Puja P Khanna
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rada N Gancheva
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rebecca Grainger
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Rheumatology Unit, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ritch Te Kampe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert T Keenan
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara K Tedeschi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Arthritis Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sung Jae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Theodore R Fields
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Bardin
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, and INSERM UMR-1132 and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Till Uhlig
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tim Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tristan Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lomme, France
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Worawit Louthrenoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Schlesinger N, Edwards NL, Khanna PP, Yeo AE, Lipsky PE. Evaluation of Proposed Criteria for Remission and Evidence-Based Development of Criteria for Complete Response in Patients With Chronic Refractory Gout. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:236-243. [PMID: 31777799 PMCID: PMC6857961 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to assess criteria for gout remission and to use the results to inform criteria for a complete response (CR). Methods A post hoc analysis of two clinical trials was undertaken to determine the frequency with which subjects with chronic refractory gout who were treated with pegloticase met remission criteria. Mixed modeling was then employed to identify the components that best correlated with time to maximum benefit. Results Of the 56 subjects treated with biweekly pegloticase for whom adequate data were collected, 48.2% met the remission criteria. When subjects with persistent lowering of urate levels were examined separately, 27 of 32 (84.4%) met the criteria for remission. In contrast, even when the requirement for lowering of serum urate levels was waived, only 2 of 24 (8.3%) subjects without persistent lowering of urate levels and 0 of 43 subjects receiving placebo met criteria. Mixed modeling indicated that in addition to urate levels, assessment of tophi, swollen joints, and tender joints and patient global assessment best correlated with time to maximum benefit. Using these criteria of CR, 23 of the responders (71.9%) met the criteria. All patients who achieved a CR maintained it for a mean duration of 507.4 days. Finally, 64% of persistent responders to monthly pegloticase also met criteria for CR. Conclusion These results have validated the proposed remission criteria for gout and have helped define criteria for CR in individuals with chronic gout treated with pegloticase. This composite CR index can serve as an evidence-based target to inform the design and end points of future clinical trials.
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Lawrence Edwards N, Singh JA, Troum O, Yeo AE, Lipsky PE. Characterization of patients with chronic refractory gout who do and do not have clinically apparent tophi and their response to pegloticase. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:kez017. [PMID: 30843588 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the characteristics and response to pegloticase of patients with chronic refractory gout with and without clinically apparent tophi. METHODS Results from two randomized controlled trials of pegloticase in patients with chronic refractory gout with clinically apparent tophi or without tophi were used to assess baseline and on-treatment between-group differences. RESULTS Patients with tophi were significantly older than those without tophi, had a significantly longer duration of disease, higher numbers of tender and swollen joints, higher Patient Global Assessment scores and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index scores, and lower Arthritis-Specific Health Index scores. Patients with tophaceous gout also had significantly lower scores for physical functioning, role physical, social functioning, and the physical component summary scores of the Short Form 36 vs patients without tophi. In addition, subjects with clinically apparent tophi had a significantly lower mean estimated glomerular filtration rate. Pegloticase treatment of tophaceous patients caused significant reductions in serum urate, flares, Patient Global Assessment, tender joints, swollen joints, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, visual analogue scale pain and Short Form 36 Bodily Pain, whereas patients without tophi had significant improvement in serum urate, flares, Patient Global Assessment, tender joints, and Short Form 36 Bodily Pain, but not swollen joints, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index functional score or pain visual analogue scale. Treatment with pegloticase had no effect on estimated glomerular filtration rate despite significant lowering of the urinary uric acid: creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION Patients with chronic refractory gout and clinically apparent tophi have more severe disease as well as reduced renal function. Both groups experienced significant clinical benefit with pegloticase treatment, although no change in renal function was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Orrin Troum
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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16
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Brenton-Rule A, Dalbeth N, Edwards NL, Rome K. Experience of finding footwear and factors contributing to footwear choice in people with gout: a mixed methods study using a web-based survey. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12:3. [PMID: 30636975 PMCID: PMC6325840 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-018-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gout frequently affects the foot, particularly the first metatarsophalangeal joint. People with gout commonly wear ill-fitting footwear that lacks cushioning and support, which may further contribute to foot pain and disability. Footwear with good cushioning and motion control may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention. Currently, there is limited understanding about the footwear experience in people with gout. The aim was to understand footwear characteristics, experience of finding footwear, and factors contributing to footwear choice, in people with gout. Methods A web-based survey of people visiting a gout education website. Participants self-reported a diagnosis of gout. The 17-item survey included questions to elicit demographic and clinical characteristics, type of footwear worn, level of difficulty finding appropriate footwear, and factors contributing to choices about footwear. A mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to report survey findings. Results Survey respondents (n = 83) were predominately White/Caucasian (84%), male (58%), and aged between 46 and 75 years-old (73%). Thirty-nine percent were newly diagnosed (< 12 months), 43% had gout for 1–10 years, and 19% had disease over 10 years. Gout flares in the feet were reported by 77 (93%) respondents, mostly in the big toe joint (73%). Seventy-six (92%) participants completed questions about footwear. Closed-in athletic shoes (88%), sturdy walking shoes (79%), and casual closed-in slip-on shoes (63%) were most frequently worn. Orthopaedic shoes were worn least often (16%). Comfort, fit, support, and ease to put on/take off were the features most often rated as important or very important when choosing footwear. Over half the respondents (64%) reported difficulty in finding footwear. Three categories, encompassing seven subcategories, were identified from the qualitative analysis to describe experiences of footwear. Categories included difficulty finding suitable shoes; impact of shoes on activity; and preferred footwear. Conclusions People with gout need comfortable shoes that conform to the foot, have a wide opening, made from pliable materials with adjustable straps. The main barriers related to footwear include difficulty finding shoes that are wide enough, suitable for work and aesthetically pleasing. These findings provide clinicians with important insights into the priorities and needs of people with gout that should be considered when developing footwear interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Brenton-Rule
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- 2Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand.,3Department of Rheumatology, Auckland District Health Board, P.O. Box 92189, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Keith Rome
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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Singh JA, Edwards NL. EULAR gout treatment guidelines by Richette et al.: uric acid and neurocognition. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:e20. [PMID: 28347993 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Neogi T, Dalbeth N, Stamp L, Castelar G, Fitzgerald J, Gaffo A, Mikuls TR, Singh J, Vázquez-Mellado J, Edwards NL. Renal dosing of allopurinol results in suboptimal gout care. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:e1. [PMID: 27582422 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Neogi
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Immunology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Stamp
- Department of Medicine, Otago University, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Geraldo Castelar
- Department of Rheumatology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John Fitzgerald
- Medicine/Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angelo Gaffo
- Department of Medicine, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ruoff
- Department of Family Practice, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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20
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Singh JA, Shah N, Edwards NL. A cross-sectional internet-based patient survey of the management strategies for gout. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 26931313 PMCID: PMC4774197 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost half of the patients with gout are not prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT) by their health care provider and >50 % use complementary and alternative therapies. Diet modification is popular among gout patients due to known associations of certain foods with gout flares. The interplay of the use of dietary supplements, diet modification, and ULT adherence in gout patients is not known. Despite the recent interest in diet and supplements, there are limited data on their use. Our objective was to assess ULT use and adherence and patient preference for non-pharmacological interventions by patients with gout, using a cross-sectional survey. METHODS People who self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during their visit to a gout website ( http://gouteducation.org ) were invited to participate in a brief anonymous cross-sectional Internet survey between 08/11/2014 to 04/14/2015 about the management of their gout. The survey queried ULT prescription, ULT adherence, the use of non-pharmacological interventions (cherry extract, diet modification) and the likelihood of making a lifelong diet modification for gout management. RESULTS A total of 499 respondents with a mean age 56.3 years were included; 74% were males and 74% were White. Of these, 57% (285/499) participants were prescribed a ULT for gout, of whom 88% (251/285) were currently taking ULT. Of those using ULT, 78% (97/251) reported ULT adherence >80%. Gender, race, and age were not significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving a ULT prescription or ULT adherence >80%. Fifty-six percent of patients with gout preferred ULT as a lifelong treatment for gout, 24% preferred cherry extract and 16% preferred diet modification (4% preferred none). Men had significantly lower odds of preferring ULT as the lifelong treatment choice for gout vs. other choices (p = 0.03). We found that 38.3% participants were highly motivated to make a lifelong dietary modification to improve their gout (score of 9-10 on a 0-10 likelihood scale). Older age was significantly associated with high level of willingness to modify diet (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION We found that only 57% of gout patients reported being prescribed ULT. 40% of gout patients preferred non- pharmacological interventions such as cherry extract and diet modification for gout management. The latter finding requires further investigation.
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Neogi T, Jansen TLTA, Dalbeth N, Fransen J, Schumacher HR, Berendsen D, Brown M, Choi H, Edwards NL, Janssens HJEM, Lioté F, Naden RP, Nuki G, Ogdie A, Perez-Ruiz F, Saag K, Singh JA, Sundy JS, Tausche AK, Vaquez-Mellado J, Yarows SA, Taylor WJ. 2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1789-98. [PMID: 26359487 PMCID: PMC4602275 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Existing criteria for the classification of gout have suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, and were developed at a time when advanced imaging was not available. The current effort was undertaken to develop new classification criteria for gout. Methods An international group of investigators, supported by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism, conducted a systematic review of the literature on advanced imaging of gout, a diagnostic study in which the presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in synovial fluid or tophus was the gold standard, a ranking exercise of paper patient cases, and a multi-criterion decision analysis exercise. These data formed the basis for developing the classification criteria, which were tested in an independent data set. Results The entry criterion for the new classification criteria requires the occurrence of at least one episode of peripheral joint or bursal swelling, pain, or tenderness. The presence of MSU crystals in a symptomatic joint/bursa (ie, synovial fluid) or in a tophus is a sufficient criterion for classification of the subject as having gout, and does not require further scoring. The domains of the new classification criteria include clinical (pattern of joint/bursa involvement, characteristics and time course of symptomatic episodes), laboratory (serum urate, MSU-negative synovial fluid aspirate), and imaging (double-contour sign on ultrasound or urate on dual-energy CT, radiographic gout-related erosion). The sensitivity and specificity of the criteria are high (92% and 89%, respectively). Conclusions The new classification criteria, developed using a data-driven and decision-analytic approach, have excellent performance characteristics and incorporate current state-of-the-art evidence regarding gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tim L Th A Jansen
- Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Fransen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Hyon Choi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM UMR 1132, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raymond P Naden
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alexis Ogdie
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Kenneth Saag
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham VA Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John S Sundy
- Duke University and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
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Neogi T, Jansen TLTA, Dalbeth N, Fransen J, Schumacher HR, Berendsen D, Brown M, Choi H, Edwards NL, Janssens HJEM, Lioté F, Naden RP, Nuki G, Ogdie A, Perez‐Ruiz F, Saag K, Singh JA, Sundy JS, Tausche A, Vaquez‐Mellado J, Yarows SA, Taylor WJ. 2015 Gout Classification Criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2557-68. [PMID: 26352873 PMCID: PMC4566153 DOI: 10.1002/art.39254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing criteria for the classification of gout have suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, and were developed at a time when advanced imaging was not available. The current effort was undertaken to develop new classification criteria for gout. METHODS An international group of investigators, supported by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism, conducted a systematic review of the literature on advanced imaging of gout, a diagnostic study in which the presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in synovial fluid or tophus was the gold standard, a ranking exercise of paper patient cases, and a multicriterion decision analysis exercise. These data formed the basis for developing the classification criteria, which were tested in an independent data set. RESULTS The entry criterion for the new classification criteria requires the occurrence of at least 1 episode of peripheral joint or bursal swelling, pain, or tenderness. The presence of MSU crystals in a symptomatic joint/bursa (i.e., synovial fluid) or in a tophus is a sufficient criterion for classification of the subject as having gout, and does not require further scoring. The domains of the new classification criteria include clinical (pattern of joint/bursa involvement, characteristics and time course of symptomatic episodes), laboratory (serum urate, MSU-negative synovial fluid aspirate), and imaging (double-contour sign on ultrasound or urate on dual-energy computed tomography, radiographic gout-related erosion). The sensitivity and specificity of the criteria are high (92% and 89%, respectively). CONCLUSION The new classification criteria, developed using a data-driven and decision analytic approach, have excellent performance characteristics and incorporate current state-of-the-art evidence regarding gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | - Tim L. Th. A. Jansen
- Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands, and Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Fransen
- Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Hyon Choi
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusetts
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lioté
- Frédéric Lioté, MD, PhD: INSERM UMR 1132Hôpital Lariboisière, AP‐HP, and Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité, ParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Perez‐Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research InstituteVizcayaSpain
| | | | - Jasvinder A. Singh
- Birmingham VA Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester Minnesota
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Lawrence Edwards N, Malouf R, Perez-Ruiz F, Richette P, Southam S, DiChiara M. Computational Lexical Analysis of the Language Commonly Used to Describe Gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 68:763-8. [PMID: 26414619 PMCID: PMC6120465 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the current language that is used in describing and defining gout, its symptoms, and its treatment by reviewing recent publications in rheumatology and determining how word choice may, or may not, be reflective of recent scientific developments in gout specifically. METHODS This was a computational linguistics study, using collocations analyses and concordance analyses on a database of scientific literature related to gout. The final data set for analysis included 2,590 articles, all relating to gout and published between May 2003 and May 2013 and amounting to 12,101,036 tokens (sentence segments). Analysis was conducted by a team of linguists and social scientists. RESULTS Our primary finding is that current disease language in gout is marked by ambiguity and imprecision, as evidenced by numerous terms that have similar but distinct meanings, but are nevertheless used interchangeably, therefore blending the slight but significant distinctions between these words. Whereas treatment language is characterized by a multitude of terms to describe a therapeutic mechanism of action, there is a relative void of terms and phrases used to describe success (treating to target) in gout. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the language used to describe gout could be improved and updated. A transformation from an antiquated and insufficiently descript terminological set to one that reflects the recent scientific and clinical advancements made in the category would maximize opportunities for patient and physician understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Pascal Richette
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Grainger R, Dalbeth N, Keen H, Durcan L, Lawrence Edwards N, Perez-Ruiz F, Diaz-Torne C, Singh JA, Khanna D, Simon LS, Taylor WJ. Imaging as an Outcome Measure in Gout Studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:2460-4. [PMID: 25641895 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gout working group at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in 2014 aimed to determine which imaging modalities show the most promise for use as measurement instruments for outcomes in studies of people with chronic gout and to identify the key foci for future research about the performance of these imaging techniques with respect to the OMERACT filter 2.0. METHODS During the gout session, a systematic literature review of the data addressing imaging modalities including plain radiography (XR), conventional computed tomography (CT), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) and the fulfillment of the OMERACT filter 2.0 was presented. RESULTS The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage. CONCLUSION The working group prioritized gaps in the data and identified a research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grainger
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Helen Keen
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Laura Durcan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torne
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Lee S Simon
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - William J Taylor
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
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Taylor WJ, Redden D, Dalbeth N, Schumacher HR, Edwards NL, Simon LS, John MR, Essex MN, Watson DJ, Evans R, Rome K, Singh JA. Application of the OMERACT filter to measures of core outcome domains in recent clinical studies of acute gout. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:574-80. [PMID: 24429178 PMCID: PMC4212978 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which instruments that measure core outcome domains in acute gout fulfill the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) filter requirements of truth, discrimination, and feasibility. METHODS Patient-level data from 4 randomized controlled trials of agents designed to treat acute gout and 1 observational study of acute gout were analyzed. For each available measure, construct validity, test-retest reliability, within-group change using effect size, between-group change using the Kruskall-Wallis statistic, and repeated measures generalized estimating equations were assessed. Floor and ceiling effects were also assessed and minimal clinically important difference was estimated. These analyses were presented to participants at OMERACT 11 to help inform voting for possible endorsement. RESULTS There was evidence for construct validity and discriminative ability for 3 measures of pain [0 to 4 Likert, 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS), 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS)]. Likewise, there appears to be sufficient evidence for a 4-point Likert scale to possess construct validity and discriminative ability for physician assessment of joint swelling and joint tenderness. There was some evidence for construct validity and within-group discriminative ability for the Health Assessment Questionnaire as a measure of activity limitations, but not for discrimination between groups allocated to different treatment. CONCLUSION There is sufficient evidence to support measures of pain (using Likert, NRS, or VAS), joint tenderness, and swelling (using Likert scale) as fulfilling the requirements of the OMERACT filter. Further research on a measure of activity limitations in acute gout clinical trials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Taylor
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; and Integrated Hospital Care Franchise, Immunology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Pfizer Inc., New York, New York, USA; Epidemiology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA; Clinical Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New Jersey, USA; Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute and School of Podiatry, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; and Birmingham VA Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Singh JA, Taylor WJ, Dalbeth N, Simon LS, Sundy J, Grainger R, Alten R, March L, Strand V, Wells G, Khanna D, McQueen F, Schlesinger N, Boonen A, Boers M, Saag KG, Schumacher HR, Edwards NL. OMERACT endorsement of measures of outcome for studies of acute gout. J Rheumatol 2013; 41:569-73. [PMID: 24334651 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which participants at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 11 meeting agree that instruments used in clinical trials to measure OMERACT core outcome domains in acute gout fulfill OMERACT filter requirements of truth, discrimination, and feasibility; and where future research efforts need to be directed. METHODS Results of a systematic literature review and analysis of individual-level data from recent clinical studies of acute gout were presented to OMERACT participants. The information was discussed in breakout groups, and opinion was defined by subsequent voting in a plenary session. Endorsement was defined as at least 70% of participants voting in agreement with the proposition (where the denominator excluded those participants who did not vote or who voted "don't know"). RESULTS The following measures were endorsed for use in clinical trials of acute gout: (1) 5-point Likert scale and/or visual analog scale (0 to 100 mm) to measure pain; (2) 4-point Likert scale for joint swelling; (3) 4-point Likert scale for joint tenderness; and (4) 5-point Likert scale for patient global assessment of response to treatment. Measures for the activity limitations domain were not endorsed. CONCLUSION Measures of pain, joint swelling, joint tenderness, and patient global assessment in acute gout were endorsed at OMERACT 11. These measures should now be used in clinical trials of acute gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- From Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts,; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA, and Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Schlosspark-Klinik Teaching Hospital of the Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; University of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint Research and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Stanford University Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Portolo Valley, California, USA; University of Ottawa, London, Ontario, Canada; University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; University of Auckland, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand; Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Maastricht University Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology, and Caphri Research Institute, University Maastricht; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
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Prowse RL, Dalbeth N, Kavanaugh A, Adebajo AO, Gaffo AL, Terkeltaub R, Mandell BF, Suryana BPP, Goldenstein-Schainberg C, Diaz-Torne C, Khanna D, Lioté F, Mccarthy G, Kerr GS, Yamanaka H, Janssens H, Baraf HF, Chen JH, Vazquez-Mellado J, Harrold LR, Stamp LK, Van De Laar MA, Janssen M, Doherty M, Boers M, Edwards NL, Gow P, Chapman P, Khanna P, Helliwell PS, Grainger R, Schumacher HR, Neogi T, Jansen TL, Louthrenoo W, Sivera F, Taylor WJ, Alten R. A delphi exercise to identify characteristic features of gout - opinions from patients and physicians, the first stage in developing new classification criteria. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:498-505. [PMID: 23418379 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a comprehensive list of features that might discriminate between gout and other rheumatic musculoskeletal conditions, to be used subsequently for a case-control study to develop and test new classification criteria for gout. METHODS Two Delphi exercises were conducted using Web-based questionnaires: one with physicians from several countries who had an interest in gout and one with patients from New Zealand who had gout. Physicians rated a list of potentially discriminating features that were identified by literature review and expert opinion, and patients rated a list of features that they generated themselves. Agreement was defined by the RAND/UCLA disagreement index. RESULTS Forty-four experienced physicians and 9 patients responded to all iterations. For physicians, 71 items were identified by literature review and 15 more were suggested by physicians. The physician survey showed agreement for 26 discriminatory features and 15 as not discriminatory. The patients identified 46 features of gout, for which there was agreement on 25 items as being discriminatory and 7 items as not discriminatory. CONCLUSION Patients and physicians agreed upon several key features of gout. Physicians emphasized objective findings, imaging, and patterns of symptoms, whereas patients emphasized severity, functional results, and idiographic perception of symptoms.
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Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, Pillinger MH, Merill J, Lee S, Prakash S, Kaldas M, Gogia M, Perez-Ruiz F, Taylor W, Lioté F, Choi H, Singh JA, Dalbeth N, Kaplan S, Niyyar V, Jones D, Yarows SA, Roessler B, Kerr G, King C, Levy G, Furst DE, Edwards NL, Mandell B, Schumacher HR, Robbins M, Wenger N, Terkeltaub R. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013. [PMID: 23024028 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21772;10.1002/acr.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, Singh MK, Bae S, Neogi T, Pillinger MH, Merill J, Lee S, Prakash S, Kaldas M, Gogia M, Perez-Ruiz F, Taylor W, Lioté F, Choi H, Singh JA, Dalbeth N, Kaplan S, Niyyar V, Jones D, Yarows SA, Roessler B, Kerr G, King C, Levy G, Furst DE, Edwards NL, Mandell B, Schumacher HR, Robbins M, Wenger N, Terkeltaub R. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 64:1447-61. [PMID: 23024029 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, Singh MK, Bae S, Neogi T, Pillinger MH, Merill J, Lee S, Prakash S, Kaldas M, Gogia M, Perez-Ruiz F, Taylor W, Lioté F, Choi H, Singh JA, Dalbeth N, Kaplan S, Niyyar V, Jones D, Yarows SA, Roessler B, Kerr G, King C, Levy G, Furst DE, Edwards NL, Mandell B, Schumacher HR, Robbins M, Wenger N, Terkeltaub R. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013. [PMID: 23024029 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21773;10.1002/acr.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Khanna D, FitzGerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh M, Neogi T, Pillinger MH, Merill J, Lee S, Prakash S, Kaldas M, Gogia M, Perez-Ruiz F, Taylor W, Lioté F, Choi H, Singh JA, Dalbeth N, Kaplan S, Niyyar V, Jones D, Yarows SA, Roessler B, Kerr G, King C, Levy G, Furst DE, Edwards NL, Mandell B, Schumacher HR, Robbins M, Wenger N, Terkeltaub R. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:1431-46. [PMID: 23024028 PMCID: PMC3683400 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangmee Bae
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Joan Merill
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Susan Lee
- VA Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Marian Kaldas
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maneesh Gogia
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Will Taylor
- University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Hyon Choi
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jasvinder A. Singh
- VA Medical Center. Birmingham, Alabama and University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Sanford Kaplan
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beverly Hills, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gail Kerr
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Gerald Levy
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Downey, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Robbins
- Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates/Atrius Health, Somerville, MA
| | - Neil Wenger
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Hamburger M, Baraf HSB, Adamson TC, Basile J, Bass L, Cole B, Doghramji PP, Guadagnoli GA, Hamburger F, Harford R, Lieberman JA, Mandel DR, Mandelbrot DA, McClain BP, Mizuno E, Morton AH, Mount DB, Pope RS, Rosenthal KG, Setoodeh K, Skosey JL, Edwards NL. 2011 Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout and hyperuricemia. Postgrad Med 2012; 123:3-36. [PMID: 22156509 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2011.11.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a major health problem in the United States; it affects 8.3 million people, which is approximately 4% of the adult population. Gout is most often diagnosed and managed in primary care physician practices. Primary care physicians have a significant opportunity to diagnose and manage patients with gout and improve patient outcomes. Following publication of the 2006 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) gout guidelines, significant evidence on gout has accumulated and new treatments for patients with gout have become available. It is the objective of these 2011 recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout and hyperuricemia to update the 2006 EULAR guidelines, paying special attention to the needs of primary care physicians, who manage most patients with gout. The revised 2011 recommendations are based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach as an evidence-based strategy for rating quality of evidence and grading strength of recommendation in clinical practice. A total of 26 key recommendations for diagnosis (n = 10) and management (n = 16) were evaluated. Presence of tophus (proven or suspected) and response to colchicine had the highest clinical diagnostic value (likelihood ratio [LR], 15.56 [95% CI, 2.11-114.71] and LR, 4.33 [95% CI, 1.16-16.16], respectively). The key aspect of effective management of an acute gout attack is initiation of treatment within hours of onset of first symptoms. Low-dose colchicine is better tolerated than and is as effective as high-dose colchicine (number needed to treat [NNT], 5 [95% CI, 3-13] and NNT, 6 [95% CI, 3-72], respectively). For urate-lowering therapy, allopurinol in combination with probenecid was shown to be more effective than either agent alone (effect size [ES], 5.51 for combination; ES, 4.46 for probenecid; and ES, 2.80 for allopurinol). Febuxostat, also a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has a slightly different mechanism of action and can be prescribed at unchanged doses for patients with mild-to-moderate renal or hepatic impairment. Febuxostat 40 mg versus 80 mg (NNT, 6 [95% CI, 4-11]) and 120 mg (NNT, 6 [95% CI, 3-26]) both demonstrated long-term efficacy. The target of urate-lowering therapy should be a serum uric acid level of ≤ 6 mg/dL. For patients with refractory and tophaceous gout, intravenous pegloticase is a new treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hamburger
- Rheumatology Associates of Long Island, Melville, NY 11747, USA.
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Stamp LK, Khanna PP, Dalbeth N, Boers M, Maksymowych WP, Schumacher HR, Becker MA, MacDonald PA, Edwards NL, Singh JA, Simon LS, McQueen FM, Neogi T, Gaffo AL, Strand V, Taylor WJ. Serum urate in chronic gout--will it be the first validated soluble biomarker in rheumatology? J Rheumatol 2012; 38:1462-6. [PMID: 21724717 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence for and endorsement of serum urate (SU) as having fulfilled the OMERACT filter as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout at the 2010 Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Meeting (OMERACT 10). METHODS Data were presented to support the use of SU as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout and specifically the ability to utilize it to predict future patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS SU was accepted as having fulfilled the OMERACT filter by 78% of voters. However, consensus was not obtained regarding its use as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout. Although the majority of the criteria for a soluble biomarker were fulfilled, the key criterion of association of the biomarker with outcomes was not agreed upon. It was agreed that the appropriate choice of endpoint must be linked to its clinical importance to the individual with the disorder and its temporal relationship to the intervention. Appropriate outcomes in chronic gout may therefore include gout flares, reduction in tophi, and patient-reported outcomes. CONCLUSION SU is a critical outcome measure. It has the potential to fulfil criteria for a soluble biomarker. Further analyses of existing data from randomized controlled trials will be required to determine whether SU can predict future important outcomes, in particular disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Taylor WJ, Singh JA, Saag KG, Dalbeth N, MacDonald PA, Edwards NL, Simon LS, Stamp LK, Neogi T, Gaffo AL, Khanna PP, Becker MA, Schumacher HR. Bringing it all together: a novel approach to the development of response criteria for chronic gout clinical trials. J Rheumatol 2012; 38:1467-70. [PMID: 21724718 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review a novel approach for constructing composite response criteria for use in chronic gout clinical trials that implements a method of multicriteria decision-making. METHODS Preliminary work with paper patient profiles led to a restricted set of core-set domains that were examined using 1000Minds™ by rheumatologists with an interest in gout, and (separately) by OMERACT registrants prior to OMERACT 10. These results and the 1000Minds approach were discussed during OMERACT 10 to help guide next steps in developing composite response criteria. RESULTS There were differences in how individual indicators of response were weighted between gout experts and OMERACT registrants. Gout experts placed more weight upon changes in uric acid levels, whereas OMERACT registrants placed more weight upon reducing flares. Discussion highlighted the need for a "pain" domain to be included, for "worsening" to be an additional level within each indicator, for a group process to determine the decision-making within a 1000Minds exercise, and for the value of patient involvement. CONCLUSION Although there was not unanimous support for the 1000Minds approach to inform the construction of composite response criteria, there is sufficient interest to justify ongoing development of this methodology and its application to real clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Dalbeth N, McQueen FM, Singh JA, MacDonald PA, Edwards NL, Schumacher HR, Simon LS, Stamp LK, Neogi T, Gaffo AL, Khanna PP, Becker MA, Taylor WJ. Tophus measurement as an outcome measure for clinical trials of chronic gout: progress and research priorities. J Rheumatol 2012; 38:1458-61. [PMID: 21724716 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that tophus regression is an important outcome measure in clinical trials of chronic gout, there is no agreed upon method of tophus measurement. A number of methods have been used in clinical trials of chronic gout, from simple physical measurement techniques to more complex advanced imaging methods. This article summarizes methods of tophus measurement and discusses their properties. Physical measurement using Vernier calipers meets most aspects of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) filter. Rigorous testing of the complex methods, particularly with respect to reliability and sensitivity to change, is needed to determine the appropriate use of these methods. Further information is also required regarding which method of physical measurement is best for use in future clinical trials. The need to develop and test a patient-reported outcome measure of tophus burden is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Hamburger M, Baraf HSB, Adamson TC, Basile J, Bass L, Cole B, Doghramji PP, Guadagnoli GA, Hamburger F, Harford R, Lieberman JA, Mandel DR, Mandelbrot DA, McClain BP, Mizuno E, Morton AH, Mount DB, Pope RS, Rosenthal KG, Setoodeh K, Skosey JL, Edwards NL. 2011 recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout and hyperuricemia. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2011; 39:98-123. [PMID: 22293773 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2011.11.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a major health problem in the United States; it affects 8.3 million people, which is approximately 4% of the adult population. Gout is most often diagnosed and managed in primary care practices; thus, primary care physicians have a significant opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Following publication of the 2006 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) gout guidelines, significant new evidence has accumulated, and new treatments for patients with gout have become available. It is the objective of these 2011 recommendations to update the 2006 EULAR guidelines, paying special attention to the needs of primary care physicians. The revised 2011 recommendations are based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach as an evidence-based strategy for rating quality of evidence and grading the strength of recommendation formulated for use in clinical practice. A total of 26 key recommendations, 10 for diagnosis and 16 for management, of patients with gout were evaluated, resulting in important updates for patient care. The presence of monosodium urate crystals and/or tophus and response to colchicine have the highest clinical diagnostic value. The key aspect of effective management of an acute gout attack is initiation of treatment within hours of symptom onset. Low-dose colchicine is better tolerated and is as effective as a high dose. When urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is indicated, the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol and febuxostat are the options of choice. Febuxostat can be prescribed at unchanged doses for patients with mild-to-moderate renal or hepatic impairment. The target of ULT should be a serum uric acid level that is ≤ 6 mg/dL. For patients with refractory and tophaceous gout, intravenous pegloticase is a new treatment option. This article is a summary of the 2011 clinical guidelines published in Postgraduate Medicine. This article provides a streamlined, accessible overview intended for quick review by primary care physicians, with the full guidelines being a resource for those seeking additional background information and expanded discussion.
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Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis. We know a great deal about its etiopathogenesis and have relatively safe and effective therapies for it. Gout, however, remains a poorly managed disease with mistakes made in securing an accurate diagnosis and in using appropriate therapies for acute and chronic stages of the disease. Synovial fluid analysis with polarizing microscopy is the "gold standard" for confirming the diagnosis of gout but has been used in fewer than 10% of all patients diagnosed with gout. The newly adopted European clinical guidelines offer a practical alternative to synovial fluid analysis, but primary care physicians are not well-versed in their use. Other serious errors in the management of gout are related to the use of medications to treat acute and chronic gout. Frequently, the anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat acute symptoms and urate-lowering drugs used to prevent long-term destruction are improperly dosed, leading to dissatisfaction on the part of patients and physicians. Widespread education about evidence-based diagnostic and treatment guidelines is desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lawrence Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida, 1600 Southwest Archer Road, Room 4102, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, USA.
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Sundy JS, Baraf HSB, Yood RA, Edwards NL, Gutierrez-Urena SR, Treadwell EL, Vázquez-Mellado J, White WB, Lipsky PE, Horowitz Z, Huang W, Maroli AN, Waltrip RW, Hamburger SA, Becker MA. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2011; 306:711-20. [PMID: 21846852 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with chronic disabling gout refractory to conventional urate-lowering therapy need timely treatment to control disease manifestations related to tissue urate crystal deposition. Pegloticase, monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated mammalian recombinant uricase, was developed to fulfill this need. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase in managing refractory chronic gout. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Two replicate, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (C0405 and C0406) were conducted between June 2006 and October 2007 at 56 rheumatology practices in the United States, Canada, and Mexico in patients with severe gout, allopurinol intolerance or refractoriness, and serum uric acid concentration of 8.0 mg/dL or greater. A total of 225 patients participated: 109 in trial C0405 and 116 in trial C0406. INTERVENTION Twelve biweekly intravenous infusions containing either pegloticase 8 mg at each infusion (biweekly treatment group), pegloticase alternating with placebo at successive infusions (monthly treatment group), or placebo (placebo group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Primary end point was plasma uric acid levels of less than 6.0 mg/dL in months 3 and 6. RESULTS In trial C0405 the primary end point was reached in 20 of 43 patients in the biweekly group (47%; 95% CI, 31%-62%), 8 of 41 patients in the monthly group (20%; 95% CI, 9%-35%), and in 0 patients treated with placebo (0/20; 95% CI, 0%-17%; P < .001 and <.04 for comparisons between biweekly and monthly groups vs placebo, respectively). Among patients treated with pegloticase in trial C0406, 16 of 42 in the biweekly group (38%; 95% CI, 24%-54%) and 21 of 43 in the monthly group (49%; 95% CI, 33%-65%) achieved the primary end point; no placebo-treated patients reached the primary end point (0/23; 95% CI, 0%-15%; P = .001 and < .001, respectively). When data in the 2 trials were pooled, the primary end point was achieved in 36 of 85 patients in the biweekly group (42%; 95% CI, 32%-54%), 29 of 84 patients in the monthly group (35%; 95% CI, 24%-46%), and 0 of 43 patients in the placebo group (0%; 95% CI, 0%-8%; P < .001 for each comparison). Seven deaths (4 in patients receiving pegloticase and 3 in the placebo group) occurred between randomization and closure of the study database (February 15, 2008). CONCLUSION Among patients with chronic gout, elevated serum uric acid level, and allopurinol intolerance or refractoriness, the use of pegloticase 8 mg either every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks for 6 months resulted in lower uric acid levels compared with placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00325195.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Sundy
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Singh JA, Taylor WJ, Simon LS, Khanna PP, Stamp LK, McQueen FM, Neogi T, Gaffo AL, Becker MA, MacDonald PA, Dabbous O, Strand V, Dalbeth ND, Aletaha D, Edwards NL, Schumacher HR. Patient-reported outcomes in chronic gout: a report from OMERACT 10. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:1452-7. [PMID: 21724715 PMCID: PMC3850171 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the endorsement of measures of patient-reported outcome (PRO) domains in chronic gout at the 2010 Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Meeting (OMERACT 10). METHODS During the OMERACT 10 gout workshop, validation data were presented for key PRO domains including pain [pain by visual analog scale (VAS)], patient global (patient global VAS), activity limitation [Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI)], and a disease-specific measure, the Gout Assessment Questionnaire version 2.0 (GAQ v2.0). Data were presented on all 3 aspects of the OMERACT filters of truth, discrimination, and feasibility. One PRO, health-related quality of life measurement with the Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36), was previously endorsed at OMERACT 9. RESULTS One measure for each of the 3 PRO of pain, patient global, and activity limitation was endorsed by > 70% of the OMERACT delegates to have appropriate validation data. Specifically, pain measurement by VAS was endorsed by 85%, patient global assessment by VAS by 73%, and activity limitation by HAQ-DI by 71%. GAQ v2.0 received 30% vote and was not endorsed due to several concerns including low internal consistency and lack of familiarity with the measure. More validation studies are needed for this measure. CONCLUSION With the endorsement of one measure each for pain, patient global, SF-36, and activity limitation, all 4 PRO for chronic gout have been endorsed. Future validation studies are needed for the disease-specific measure, GAQ v2.0. Validation for PRO for acute gout will be the focus of the next validation exercise for the OMERACT gout group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Joint pain and swelling during gout flares may lead to considerable morbidity and disability, having an impact on patient work productivity and social participation. The objective of this study was to assess how gout flares affect these activities in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy. METHODS A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted among patients with symptomatic disease in the United States in 2001. Inclusion criteria required patients (1) to be age 18 years or older, (2) to have documented, crystal-proven gout, (3) to have symptomatic gout, and (4) to be intolerant or unresponsive to conventional therapy, reflected by SUA ≥ 6.0 mg/dL. Patients were evaluated every 2 months. At each visit, patients completed a gout diary, which included number of flares experienced, duration and severity of each flare, and whether the flare caused: (1) work loss, (2) missed appointments or social events, or (3) impairment of self-care activities. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was also completed each visit. RESULTS Analyses were restricted to those who completed the first 6 months of the study (n = 81). Mean number of flares per patient per year was 8.8. Of the patients who were <65 years, 78% reported at least 1 work day lost due to a gout attack during the year. Mean annual work day loss for those <65 years was 25.1 days. A total of 545 of patients reported at least one flare per year that impaired social activities, with a mean of 17.1 social days lost and 52% reported at least one flare per year that compromised normal self-care activities, with a mean of 16.9 days impairment. Correlations between the diary reports and activity-related questions from the SF-36 were significantly positive. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by small sample size, lack of reference group, and inability to explicitly collect employment information. Age under 65 years was used as a proxy for employment eligibility. CONCLUSION Flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy significantly affect patient work productivity and social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Edwards
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is a painful and disabling inflammatory arthritis of increasing prevalence associated with hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissues and joints. Diagnosed gout cases have been estimated at 2.13% of the 2009 US population. The highest incidence occurs in the 65+ year age group, with males more than twice as likely to be afflicted as females. OBJECTIVE To present the epidemiology of chronic gout and to discuss its disease burden. METHODS This commentary is based on expert opinion and supplemented with published/presented information identified through PubMed and rheumatology associations. RESULTS The steady rise of diagnosed gout cases can generally be linked to an aging population with multiple comorbidities, the use of certain prescription medications, and changes in diet and lifestyle. Progression to chronic gout has numerous causes such as poor compliance with, ineffectiveness of, or inability to tolerate prescribed regimens. Despite the availability of urate-lowering therapies (ULT), patients may either have contraindications to them or may not adequately respond. Patients with high flare frequency, tophi, and the inability to maintain serum urate levels below 6 mg/dL with ULT can be categorized as having chronic gout that is refractory, with a substantial disease burden. Based on lack of therapeutic options for urate-lowering for patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy, the economic burden of this small but substantial population contributes disproportionately to the overall economic burden of chronic gout. Recent availability of gout-specific ICD-9-CM codes capturing the cost intense and impactful aspects of the disease - flares and tophi - is likely contribute to understanding the full health economic burden in gout. CONCLUSION The impact of chronic gout, especially if refractory to treatment, on functionality, productivity, quality of life and health care costs can be substantial and is deserving of future research.
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Abstract
The US prevalence of gout, a rapidly progressive inflammatory arthritic condition linked to serum uric acid levels, has grown in recent years, in part due to the increasing prevalence and incidence of predisposing factors in the population, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and the use of diuretics. Left untreated, gout can be debilitating and cause deformity. Although a definitive diagnosis requires joint aspiration, only approximately 11% of patients with suspected gout undergo this procedure, and a presumptive diagnosis based on patient medical history and presentation with characteristic symptoms and comorbidities is a reasonable guidelines-based approach that has utility in the primary care setting, where approximately 70% of all cases and nearly 3,000,000 visits occur. The therapeutic standard for patients with recurrent gout flares is urate-lowering therapy (ULT), including allopurinol and the recently introduced febuxostat, the first new treatment for gout in 40 years. Although ULT must be taken consistently to sustain benefits, inadequate dosing and patient nonadherence or intolerance to therapy often lead to treatment failure. It is important that primary care clinicians understand gout diagnosis and therapeutic approaches and can communicate effectively with patients to improve treatment adherence. ONLINE ACCESS: http://cmeaccess.com/cme/ajm_gout_program/ This CME Multimedia Activity is also available through the Website of The American Journal of Medicine (www.amjmed.com). Click on the CME Multimedia Activity button in the navigation bar for full access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Doghramji
- Collegeville Family Practice, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Penn, USA
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Mandell BF, Edwards NL, Sundy JS, Simkin PA, Pile JC. Preventing and treating acute gout attacks across the clinical spectrum: A roundtable discussion. Cleve Clin J Med 2010; 77 Suppl 2:S2-25. [DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.77.s2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
An association between high levels of serum urate and cardiovascular disease has been proposed for many decades. However, it was only recently that compelling basic science data, small clinical trials, and epidemiological studies have provided support to the idea of a true causal effect. In this review we present recently published data that study the association between hyperuricemia and selected cardiovascular diseases, with a final conclusion about the possibility of this association being causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo L Gaffo
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, 700 19th St. S, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Taylor WJ, Shewchuk R, Saag KG, Schumacher HR, Singh JA, Grainger R, Edwards NL, Bardin T, Waltrip RW, Simon LS, Burgos-Vargas R. Toward a valid definition of gout flare: results of consensus exercises using Delphi methodology and cognitive mapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:535-43. [PMID: 19333981 DOI: 10.1002/art.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, in people known to have gout, the testable, key components of a standard definition of gout flare for use in clinical research. METHODS Consensus methodology was used to identify key elements of a gout flare. Two Delphi exercises were conducted among different groups of rheumatologists. A cognitive mapping technique among 9 gout experts with hierarchical cluster analysis provided a framework to guide the panel discussion, which identified the final set of items that should be tested empirically. RESULTS From the Delphi exercises, 21 items were presented to the expert panel. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling showed that these items clustered into 5 concepts (joint inflammation, severity of symptoms, stereotypical nature, pain, and gout archetype) distributed along 2 dimensions (objective to subjective features and general features to specific features of gout). Using this analysis, expert panel discussion generated a short list of potential features: joint swelling, joint tenderness, joint warmth, severity of pain, patient global assessment, time to maximum pain, time to complete resolution of pain, an acute-phase marker, and functional impact of the episode. CONCLUSION A short list of features has been identified and now requires validation against a patient- and physician-defined gout flare in order to determine the best combination of features.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Taylor
- University of Otago and Wellington Regional Rheumatology Unit, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Elevated serum urate levels are recognized as leading to gouty arthritis, tophi formation, and uric acid kidney stones. While serum urate elevations have long been associated with renal disease, they are not usually considered to have a causal role in kidney dysfunction. However, recent epidemiologic studies have identified serum urate elevations as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Hyperuricemia has also been found to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. An animal model of mild hyperuricemia has shed new light on a potential mechanism of microvascular changes leading to endothelial dysfunction, a precursor to both coronary artery disease and hypertension. Additional animal studies and recent epidemiologic findings have provided further evidence that soluble urate is a risk factor for nonarticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lawrence Edwards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610-0221, USA.
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Dalbeth N, Perez-Ruiz F, Edwards NL, Schlesinger N. In defense of research into the crystal induced arthropathies. J Rheumatol 2008; 35:2278-2279. [PMID: 19004057 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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