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Affiliation(s)
- C Biswas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - P Dey
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - V Ramesh Babu
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gouranga Kar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Kar G, Patra PK, Raychaudhuri M, Anand PSB, Alam NM, Panigrahi S, Sahoo H, Chaudhari SK. Land Resources Evaluation and Drainage Network Analysis of Watershed for Site Specific Crop Planning Using GIS. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v121/i11/1470-1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alam NM, Douglas RM, Prusky GT. Treatment of age-related visual impairment with a mitochondrial-acting peptide. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:274438. [PMID: 34766182 PMCID: PMC8891924 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related visual decline and disease due to neural dysfunction are major sources of disability that have resisted effective treatment. In light of evidence that visual impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction advance with age, we characterized age-related decline of spatial visual function in mice and investigated whether treatment of aged mice with the mitochondrion-penetrating peptide elamipretide that has been reported to improve mitochondrial function, would improve it. Impaired photopic acuity measured by using a virtual optokinetic system emerged near 18 months and declined to ∼40% below normal by 34 months. Daily application of the synthetic peptide elamipretide, which has high selectivity for mitochondrial membranes that contain cardiolipin and promotes efficient electron transfer, was able to mitigate visual decline from 18 months onwards. Daily application from 24 months onwards, i.e. when acuity had reduced by ∼16%, reversed visual decline and normalized function within 2 months. Recovered function persisted for at least 3 months after treatment was withdrawn and a single treatment at 24 months delayed subsequent visual decline. Elamipretide applied daily from 32 months onwards took longer to take effect, but substantial improvement was found within 2 months. The effects of age and elamipretide treatment on contrast sensitivity were similar to those on acuity, systemic and eye drop applications of elamipretide had comparable effects, scotopic spatial visual function was largely unaffected by age or treatment, and altered function was independent of variation in optical clarity. These data indicate that elamipretide treatment adaptively alters the aging visual system. They also provide a rationale to investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a treatable pathophysiology of human visual aging and age-related visual disease. Summary: Age-related decline in vision in mice is substantially prevented or restored in response to treatment with a peptide that comprises mitochondrial affinity and improves mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Alam
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
| | - R M Douglas
- University of British Columbia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - G T Prusky
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, New York 10605, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Kaushal R, Kumar A, Alam NM, Singh I, Mandal D, Tomar JMS, Mehta H, Lepcha STS, Long TT, Durai J. Assessment of eco-hydrological parameters for important sympodial bamboo species in Himalayan foothills. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:468. [PMID: 34226956 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bamboos due to high soil water conservation potential are gaining increased attention in plantation programs across the globe. Large-scale plantation of fast-growing bamboo, however, can have important hydrological consequences. The study aims to quantify the eco-hydrological parameters, viz., throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception (I) in seven important sympodial bamboo species in north western Himalayan foothills of India. The species selected include Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris., Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus stocksii, and Dendrocalamus strictus. Throughfall versus gross rainfall (GR) relationship in different species indicated high throughfall production during high rainfall events with r2 > 0.90. Average throughfall was lowest (62.1%) in D. hamiltonii and highest in B. vulgaris (74.6%). SF ranged from 1.32% in B. nutans to 3.39% in D. hamiltonii. The correlation coefficient (r) between leaf area index (LAI), number of culms, and crown area with the interception were 0.746, 0.691, and 0.585, respectively. The funneling ratio (F) was highest (27.0) in D. hamiltonii and least in B. nutans. Canopy storage capacity was highest in D. strictus (3.57 mm) and least in D. hamiltonii (1.09 mm). Interception loss was highest (34.4%) in D. hamiltonii and lowest in B. vulgaris (23.5%) and D. strictus (23.6%). Higher interception in bamboos make them suitable for soil conservation, but careful selection of species is required in low rainfall areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kaushal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India.
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - I Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - J M S Tomar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - H Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - S T S Lepcha
- National Bamboo Mission (NBM), Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | - T T Long
- International Network on Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing, China
| | - Jayaraman Durai
- International Network on Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing, China
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Kaushal R, Singh I, Thapliyal SD, Gupta AK, Mandal D, Tomar JMS, Kumar A, Alam NM, Kadam D, Singh DV, Mehta H, Dogra P, Ojasvi PR, Reza S, Durai J. Rooting behaviour and soil properties in different bamboo species of Western Himalayan Foothills, India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4966. [PMID: 32188913 PMCID: PMC7080795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to extensive root system, connected rhizome bamboos are considered suitable for improving soil properties within a short period, though most of the claims are anecdotal and need to be supported with quantified data. The study evaluates seven bamboo species viz., Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus stocksii and Dendrocalamus strictus for their rooting pattern and impact on soil health properties. Coarse and fine root intensity was maximum in B. vulgaris. Coarse root biomass ranged from 0.6 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 2.0 kg m−3 in B. vulgaris and B. bambos. Fine root biomass ranged from 1.1 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 4.5 kg m−3 in D. hamiltonii. Contribution of fine roots in terms of intensity and biomass was much higher than coarse roots. Fine root biomass showed declining trend with increase in soil depth in all the species. During sixth year, the litter fall ranged from 8.1 Mg ha−1 in D. stocksii to 12.4 Mg ha−1 in D. hamiltonii. Among soil physical properties significant improvement were recorded in hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates and mean weight diameter. Soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus under different species did not reveal any significant changes, while significant reduction was observed in total nitrogen and potassium. Significant positive correlation was observed between WSA and iron content. Soil microbial population and enzyme activities were higher in control plot. Considering root distribution, biomass, soil hydraulic conductivity and water stable aggregates, B. bambos, B. vulgaris and D. hamiltonii are recommended for rehabilitation of degraded lands prone to soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaushal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India.
| | - Indra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - S D Thapliyal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - A K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - J M S Tomar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D Kadam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D V Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - H Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Pradeep Dogra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - P R Ojasvi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - S Reza
- International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J Durai
- International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sharma B, Bhardwaj SK, Sharma S, Nautiyal R, Kaur L, Alam NM. Pollution tolerance assessment of temperate woody vegetation growing along the National Highway-5 in Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:177. [PMID: 30793215 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and globalization have resulted in pollution of all the three ecosystems, including soil, water, and air. Among these, air pollution has generated much interest, since it has a major influence on the transboundary dispersion of pollutants globally. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) value represents tolerance level of plants which help in selecting the most suitable plant species for plantation in/around affected areas. This parameter in conjunction with Anticipated Performance Index (API) can provide a logical solution for green belt development by considering biological and socio-economic aspect of the species and help in reducing the levels of pollutants. The present study was conducted in Himachal Pradesh, constituting a very vital part of the Indian Himalayan Region. In the present study, APTI and API values of six commonly growing temperate and sub-temperate plant species viz., Quercus leucotrichophora, Rubus ellipticus, Debregeasia saeneb, Hypericum oblongifolium, Punica granatum, and Grevillea robusta, were evaluated along the National Highway-5 in Himachal Pradesh. The highest value of APTI was observed for Grevillea robusta (12.89), followed by Punica granatum (10.87), Debregeasia saeneb (10.50), Hypericum oblongifolium (10.43), Rubus ellipticus (10.18), and Quercus leucotrichophora (9.68). Upon assessment of API, it was observed that Grevillea robusta (62.50%) was the highest scoring plant species in trees, while Rubus ellipticus and Debregeasia saeneb were the highest scoring shrub species (56.25% each) and thus can be recommended for green belt development and attenuation of air pollution in the region. Punica granatum can be suggested for plantation among the native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Sharma
- Department of Environment and Climate Change, Chandigarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Satish Kumar Bhardwaj
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Panthaghati, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Nautiyal
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lakhvinder Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, India
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Mandal U, Panda RK, Mishra PK, Alam NM, Kar G. Conceptualization of Community-Based Integrated Farming System Model Design with Multi-Objective Optimization Management. CURR SCI INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v112/i11/2234-2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar R, Shamet GS, Mehta H, Alam NM, Kaushal R, Chaturvedi OP, Sharma N, Khaki BA, Gupta D. Regeneration complexities of Pinus gerardiana in dry temperate forests of Indian Himalaya. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:7732-7743. [PMID: 26748929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pinus gerardiana is considered an important species in dry temperate forests of North-Western Indian Himalaya because of its influence on ecological processes and economic dependence of local people in the region. But, large numbers of biotic and abiotic factors have affected P. gerardiana in these forests; hence, there is a crucial need to understand the regeneration dynamics of this tree species. The present investigation was conducted in P. gerardiana forests to understand vegetation pattern and regeneration processes on different sites in the region. Statistical analysis was performed to know variability in growing stock and regeneration on sample plots, while correlation coefficients and regression models were developed to find the relationship between regeneration and site factors. The vegetation study showed dominance of P. gerardiana, which is followed by Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana and Quercus ilex in the region. The growing stock of P. gerardiana showed steep increasing and then steadily declining trend from lower to higher diameter class. The distribution of seedling, sapling, pole and trees was not uniform at different sites and less number of plots in each site were observed to have effective conditions for continuous regeneration, but mostly showed extremely limited regeneration. Regeneration success ranging from 8.44 to 15.93 % was recorded in different sites of the region, which suggests that in different sites regeneration success is influenced by collection of cone for extracting seed, grazing/browsing and physico-chemical properties of soil. Regeneration success showed significant correlation and relationship with most of abiotic and biotic factors. The regeneration success is lower than the requirement of sustainable forest, but varies widely among sites in dry temperate forests of Himalaya. More forest surveys are required to understand the conditions necessary for greater success of P. gerardiana in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- ICAR-IISWC, RC, Vasad, Anand, 388306, India.
| | - G S Shamet
- Dr. YSP UHF, Nauni, Solan, 173230, India
| | - Harsh Mehta
- ICAR-IISWC, 218, Kulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248195, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-IISWC, 218, Kulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248195, India
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Alam NM, Cortina-Borja M, Thorne C. P23 Patterns of antiretroviral therapy in a European study of HIV-infected children and adolescents. Br J Soc Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120477.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Douglas RM, Neve A, Quittenbaum JP, Alam NM, Prusky GT. Perception of visual motion coherence by rats and mice. Vision Res 2006; 46:2842-7. [PMID: 16647739 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2004] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The coherence thresholds to discriminate the direction of motion in random-dot kinematograms were measured in rats and mice. Performance was best in the rats when dot displacement from frame-to-frame was about 2 degrees, and frame duration was less than 100 ms. Mice had coherence thresholds similar to those of rats when tested at the same step size and frame duration. Although the lowest thresholds in the rats and mice occasionally reached human levels, average rodent values ( approximately 25%) were 2-3 times higher than those of humans. These data indicate that the rodent and primate visual systems are similar in that both have local motion detectors and a system for extracting global motion from a noisy signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2550 Willow Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Douglas RM, Alam NM, Silver BD, McGill TJ, Tschetter WW, Prusky GT. Independent visual threshold measurements in the two eyes of freely
moving rats and mice using a virtual-reality optokinetic system. Vis Neurosci 2005; 22:677-84. [PMID: 16332278 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523805225166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Slow horizontal head and body rotation occurs in mice and rats when
the visual field is rotated around them, and these optomotor movements can
be produced reliably in a virtual-reality system. If one eye is closed,
only motion in the temporal-to-nasal direction for the contralateral eye
evokes the tracking response. When the maximal spatial frequency capable
of driving the response (“acuity”) was measured under
monocular and binocular viewing conditions, the monocular acuity was
identical to the binocular acuity measured with the same rotation
direction. Thus, the visual capabilities of each eye can be measured under
binocular conditions simply by changing the direction of rotation. Lesions
of the visual cortex had no effect on the acuities measured with the
virtual optokinetic system, whereas perceptual thresholds obtained
previously with the Visual Water Task are. The optokinetic acuities were
also consistently lower than acuity estimates from the Visual Water Task,
but contrast sensitivities were the same or better. These data show that
head-tracking in a virtual optokinetic drum is driven by subcortical,
lower frequency, and contralateral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Douglas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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