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Mouatassem TF, Lalami AEO, Faraj C, Rais N, Guemmouh R. [Culicidae Larvae and Their Seasonal Dynamics in the Region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco]. Med Trop Sante Int 2021; 1:mtsibulletin.n1.2021.89. [PMID: 35586590 PMCID: PMC9022750 DOI: 10.48327/mtsibulletin.n1.2021.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective As part of the prevention of vector-borne diseases in central Morocco, a study of the seasonal fluctuation of Culicidian biodiversity was conducted from November 2015 to November 2016 on four breeding sites located in the city of Fez in central Morocco (Jnan El Alami, Lgaâda dam, Awinat Elhajaj, Douwar Lhandiya Source). The study aimed to improve the knowledge of seasonal dynamics and activity period of Culicidian mosquitoes, in order to target the period of control. Methods Larvae were collected by dipping method at a 15-day interval at least once a month. Statistical analyses were performed using version 3.6.1 of the statistical processing software. Results During this study, nine species were found with high monthly and seasonal variations in numbers of each species and from site to site. Predominant species are vectors of disease: Culex pipiens, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. theileri, known vectors of West Nile virus, followed by Anopheles maculipennis s. l. and An. sergentii that are the main vectors of malaria in Morocco. Cx. pipiens and Cx. perexiguus reached the highest density in September, while Cx. theileri was found in large numbers in February and can therefore emerge in late winter and mid-spring. The lowest number of An. sergentii was collected in November, but increased in September, October and December. An. maculipennis s. l. occurred in June, with recurrences in March and July. Culiseta longiareolata was found in spring and summer and in abundance in June. However, Uranotaenia unguiculata was only present in September and October. Both An. cinereus and Cx. hortensis were present in November and February. Conclusion The results obtained will be an important tool for management and monitoring Culicidae proliferation and can be used to improve the efficiency of control management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Filali Mouatassem
- Laboratoire de biotechnologie, conservation et développement des ressources naturelles, Faculté des sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fès, Maroc
| | - A. El Ouali Lalami
- Laboratoire de biotechnologie, conservation et développement des ressources naturelles, Faculté des sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fès, Maroc,Institut supérieur des professions infirmières et techniques de santé Fès, Direction régionale de la Santé, Hôpital EL Ghassani, Fès, Maroc,*
| | - C. Faraj
- Laboratoire d'entomologie médicale, Institut national d'hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - N. Rais
- Laboratoire de physique appliquée, informatique et statistique, Faculté des sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fès, Maroc
| | - R. Guemmouh
- Laboratoire de biotechnologie, conservation et développement des ressources naturelles, Faculté des sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fès, Maroc
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Das AK, Mithal A, Kumar KMP, Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Thacker H, Sethi B, Ghosh R, Mathew A, Chodankar D, Mohanasundaram S, Menon SK, Trivedi C, Naqvi M, Kanade V, Salvi V, Chatterjee G, Rais N, Wangnoo SK, Chowdhury S, Zargar AH, Joshi S. Rationale, study design and methodology of the LANDMARC trial: a 3-year, pan-India, prospective, longitudinal study to assess management and real-world outcomes of diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2020; 37:885-892. [PMID: 31691356 PMCID: PMC7216981 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM India contributes towards a large part of the worldwide epidemic of diabetes and its associated complications. However, there are limited longitudinal studies available in India to understand the occurrence of diabetes complications over time. This pan-India longitudinal study was initiated to assess the real-world outcomes of diabetes across the country. METHODS The LANDMARC study is the first prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, observational study investigating a large cohort of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus across India over a period of 3 years. The primary objective of this ongoing study is to determine the proportion of people developing macrovascular diabetes complications over the duration of the study (36 months ± 45 days) distributed over seven visits; the secondary objective is to evaluate microvascular diabetes complications, glycaemic control and time-to-treatment adaptation or intensification. Overall, 6300 participants (aged 25-60 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years will be included from 450 centres across India. Data will be recorded for baseline demographics, comorbidities, glycaemic measurements, use of anti-hyperglycaemic medications and any cardiovascular or other diabetes-related events occurring during the observational study period. CONCLUSIONS The LANDMARC study is expected to reveal the trends in complications associated with diabetes, treatment strategies used by physicians, and correlation among treatment, control and complications of diabetes within the Indian context. The findings of this study will help to identify the disease burden, emergence of early-onset complications and dose titration patterns, and eventually develop person-centred care and facilitate public health agencies to invest appropriate resources in the management of diabetes. (Trial Registration No: CTRI/2017/05/008452).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Das
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS)PuducherryIndia
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- Chowpatti Medical CentreMumbaiIndia
| | - S. K. Wangnoo
- Apollo Hospital Education and Research FoundationNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - A. H. Zargar
- Center for Diabetes & Endocrine CareSrinagarIndia
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Mouatassem TF, Faraj C, Guemmouh R, Rais N, Lalami AEO. Quantitative Inventory of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) and Physicochemical Analysis of Aquatic Habitats in the Region of Fez, Morocco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 112:105-113. [PMID: 31478623 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes occupy a major health problem, as a potential vector for the transmission of many pathogens, the most important of which in Morocco are Plasmodium parasites and West Nile fever virus. Acquiring knowledge about the biotypology of these mosquitoes is an essential step in any control strategy. Thus, the objective of this study is to draw up an inventory of the culicidian fauna in the Fez region (North-central part of Morocco) and to determine the physicochemical parameters influencing the production of mosquito larvae of aquatic habitats in this area. Mosquito larvae of the extant biotopes were sampled every two months between November 2015 and December 2016, by means of the "dipping" method. The physicochemical parameters of the various larval biotopes were collected six times during the year of follow-up. Mosquito species were identified using morphological criteria. The results were analyzed using ecological indices and the generalized linear model (Poisson model) on R software. The identification of the 1,122 mosquito larvae collected from the various studied breeding areas revealed the presence of 11 species belonging to two subfamilies (Culicinae and Anophelinae) and five genera (Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Aedes, and Uranotaenia). Anopheles were observed in small numbers in permanent, stagnant, and shallow habitats. The larvae of An. maculipennis s. l. (major vector of malaria in Morocco) were collected. Culex larvae, especially Cx. pipiens (the main vector of WNV in Morocco), were collected in the majority of the larval habitats and on the different types of environments. Two other species of Culex, which plays a significant role in the transmission of WNV, were also collected, particularly, Cx. perexiguus and Cx. theileri. The results found, via this first study of its kind at the regional level, also made it possible to update the list of Culicidae species reported in the Fez region. Four new species have been recorded: Aedes flavescens, Uranotaenia unguiculata, Culiseta longiareolata, and Culex perexiguus. The results of this study will contribute to the provision of information for entomological surveillance and to better plan and guide vector control activities at local and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Filali Mouatassem
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Preservation of Natural Resources, Sidi-Mohamed-ben-Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-El-Mahraz, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - C Faraj
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - R Guemmouh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Preservation of Natural Resources, Sidi-Mohamed-ben-Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-El-Mahraz, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - N Rais
- Laboratory of Computer Science, Modelling and Systems, Sidi-Mohamed-ben-Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, Fez, Morocco
| | - A El Ouali Lalami
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Preservation of Natural Resources, Sidi-Mohamed-ben-Abdellah University, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-El-Mahraz, 30000 Fez, Morocco.,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez, Regional Health Directorate, El-Ghassani Hospital, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Mattoo V, Milicevic Z, Malone JK, Schwarzenhofer M, Ekangaki A, Levitt LK, Liong LHC, Rais N, Tounsi H. A comparison of insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 in the treatment of type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2003; 59:137-43. [PMID: 12560163 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(02)00202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 with regard to their effect on morning and evening postprandial glucose (PPG) control, and on average daily blood-glucose (BG), in patients with Type 2 diabetes who wish to fast during Ramadan. METHOD Insulin lispro Mix25 and human insulin 30/70 were compared in an open-label, multicenter, randomised, crossover study involving 151 patients. Each treatment period had a duration of 14 days during which the patients self-monitored their BG before and 2 h after the main meals on any 3 days within the last 5 days of each treatment period. RESULTS The 2 h PPG excursion following the main evening meal after sunset was significantly lower with insulin lispro Mix25 (3.4+/-2.9 mmol/l) compared with human insulin 30/70 (4.0+/-3.2 mmol/l, P=0.007). The evening pre-meal fasting BG values were also lower with insulin lispro Mix25 (7.1+/-2.2 mmol/l) versus human insulin 30/70 (7.5+/-2.6 mmol/l, P=0.034). The average daily BG concentration was 9.5+/-2.4 mmol/l during treatment with insulin lispro Mix25 versus 10.1+/-2.5 mmol/l with human insulin 30/70 given in identical doses (P=0.004). CONCLUSION When compared with human insulin 30/70, treatment of insulin-requiring Type 2 patients with insulin lispro Mix25 during Ramadan resulted in better average daily glycaemia, and better BG control before and after the evening meal. Insulin lispro Mix25 should be considered as a therapeutic option during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mattoo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Das S, Reynolds T, Patnaik A, Rais N, Fink LM, Fonseca VA. Plasma homocysteine concentrations in type II diabetic patients in India: relationship to body weight. J Diabetes Complications 1999; 13:200-3. [PMID: 10616859 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8727(99)00045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and occurs with a high prevalence in patients with type II diabetes and microvascular disease. In order to determine whether plasma homocysteine concentrations vary with body-mass index in patients with type II diabetes, we measured plasma homocysteine in lean, normal weight, and overweight subjects living in India. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower in the lean persons with diabetes when compared to those who were obese and compared to control subjects (p < 0.02). We conclude that plasma homocysteine concentrations are lower in lean persons with type II diabetes and that this efficiency in homocysteine metabolism may contribute towards protection from cardiovascular disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
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Marita AR, Sawant N, Mokal RA, Desai AP, Rais N. Insulin receptor defects in the erythrocytes of obese Indian women with Acanthosis Nigricans. Clin Chim Acta 1997; 265:139-42. [PMID: 9352137 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(97)00115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Niki T, Mori H, Tamori Y, Kishimoto-Hashirmoto M, Ueno H, Araki S, Masugi J, Sawant N, Majithia HR, Rais N. Human obese gene: molecular screening in Japanese and Asian Indian NIDDM patients associated with obesity. Diabetes 1996; 45:675-8. [PMID: 8621021 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.5.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mouse obese (ob) gene has recently been isolated through the positional cloning technique and has been proved to result in the obese and NIDDM phenotype in mice when mutated (Nature 372:425-432, 1994). More recently, it has been demonstrated, by experiments with recombinant ob protein, that ob gene product can cause mice, including ob/ob mice, diet-induced obesity mice, and normal mice, to lower their food intake and body weight (Science 269:540-549, 1995). To investigate the genetic and/or environmental influences underlying the development of NIDDM associated with obesity, we isolated and partially sequenced the human obese (OB) gene. The human OB gene isolated in this study encoded 167 amino acids and its open reading frame was revealed to be divided into two parts with an intermediate intron of approximately 2.4 kb. Using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique, we screened Japanese and Asian Indian subjects for mutations in the protein coding regions of the OB gene. A total of 75 NIDDM patients with obesity (54 Japanese and 21 Asian Indians), 40 NIDDM patients without obesity (34 Japanese and 6 Asian Indians), and 34 Japanese patients with simple obesity showed no abnormal SSCP patterns in either component of the coding sequences. These results suggested that mutations in the coding regions of the OB gene are not likely to be commonly identifiable and that there would likely be a kind of obesity-associated NIDDM not caused by mutations of the OB gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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Li Y, Song YH, Rais N, Connor E, Schatz D, Muir A, Maclaren N. Autoantibodies to the extracellular domain of the calcium sensing receptor in patients with acquired hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:910-4. [PMID: 8613543 PMCID: PMC507135 DOI: 10.1172/jci118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired hypoparathyroidism (AH) has been considered to result from an autoimmune process but the self-antigens have not been identified. We studied 25 patients with AH, of which 17 had type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome and 8 had AH associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Five of 25 (20%) AH sera reacted to a membrane-associated antigen of 120-140 kD in human parathyroid gland extracts using immunoblot analysis. This is the exact size of the calcium sensing receptor (Ca-SR). The AH sera were then tested by immunoblot using a membrane fraction of HEK-293 cells transfected with Ca-SR cDNA. Eight of 25 (32%) AH sera reacted to a 120-140-kD protein, which closely matched that recognized by the anti-Ca-SR IgG raised in rabbits. The Ca-SR cDNA was translated in vitro into two parts in order to identify the antigenic epitopes. By using this technique, 14 of 25 (56%) AH sera were positive to the extracellular domain of the Ca-SR, whereas none of the AH patients sera reacted to the intracellular domain. The reactivity of the positive sera was completely removed after pre-absorption with the Ca-SR containing membranes. Sera from 50 patients with various other autoimmune diseases as well as 22 normal controls were also tested, and none of them was positive. In conclusion, the Ca-SR has been identified as an autoantigen in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Rais N, Desai N, Churi C. Hyperthyroidism induced remission in type II diabetes. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:541-2. [PMID: 8294369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Rais
- Sir Hurkisondas Nurrotumdas Medical Research Centre, Bombay
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Rais N, Churi C, Kapur A. Efficacy and safety of human biosynthetic insulin of saccharomyces cerevisiae origin. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:401-2. [PMID: 8005994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rais N, Gandhi L, Gotur J, Rajani G, Shah SJ, Kudva BT. The internal myxoedema syndrome of Eskamilla, Lisser and Shepherdson (a case report). J Postgrad Med 1992; 38:32-3. [PMID: 1512723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Rais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Section, c.m.c., III, Bombay
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Rais N, Undre AR, Shah A. Cholelithiasis and endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in a thirteen year old girl (a case report). J Postgrad Med 1991; 37:231-2, 232A. [PMID: 1841977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a 13-year-old girl who had cholelithiasis secondary to endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. The latter was probably the result of mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rais
- Department of Surgery, Saifee Hospital, Bombay, Maharashtra
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Rais N, Plumber ST, Undre AR, Bhandarkar SD. Massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage as a complication of intestinal tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 1987; 35:647-8. [PMID: 3501784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Rais N, Kalra P, Bhandarkar SD, Satoskar RS. Familial thyroid disease: Grave's disease and non-toxic goitre (a case report). J Postgrad Med 1983; 29:253-4. [PMID: 6689494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Shah SJ, Fonseca V, Rais N, Sayeed A, Bhandarkar SD. Effect of propranolol on the electrocardiogram in hypothyroidism. J Postgrad Med 1983; 29:160-1. [PMID: 6655603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Rais N, Bhandarkar SD, Vahora S, Mehta JM. Thyroxine-induced depressive psychoses (a case report). J Postgrad Med 1983; 29:184-5. [PMID: 6655608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Rais N, Dalal D, Bhandarkar SD, Donde UM. Wilson's disease (a case report). J Postgrad Med 1980; 26:149-51. [PMID: 7218179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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