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Endler M, Baldzuhn J, Beidler C, Bosch HS, Bozhenkov S, Buttenschön B, Dinklage A, Fellinger J, Feng Y, Fuchert G, Gao Y, Geiger J, Grulke O, Hartmann D, Jakubowski M, König R, Laqua H, Lazerson S, McNeely P, Naujoks D, Neuner U, Otte M, Pasch E, Sunn Pedersen T, Perseo V, Puig Sitjes A, Rahbarnia K, Rust N, Schmitz O, Spring A, Stange T, von Stechow A, Turkin Y, Wang E, Wolf R. Wendelstein 7-X on the path to long-pulse high-performance operation. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McNeely P, Äkäslompolo S, Auerweck W, Drider Y, Ford O, Hartmann D, Heinemann B, Heinrich S, Hopf C, Kairys R, Obermayer S, Riedl R, Rong P, Rust N, Schroeder R, Wolf R. Commissioning and initial operation of the W7-X neutral beam injection heating system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Ford OP, Vanó L, Alonso JA, Baldzuhn J, Beurskens MNA, Biedermann C, Bozhenkov SA, Fuchert G, Geiger B, Hartmann D, Jaspers RJE, Kappatou A, Langenberg A, Lazerson SA, McDermott RM, McNeely P, Neelis TWC, Pablant NA, Pasch E, Rust N, Schroeder R, Scott ER, Smith HM, Wegner T, Kunkel F, Wolf RC. Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy at Wendelstein 7-X. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:023507. [PMID: 32113444 DOI: 10.1063/1.5132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic has become a routine diagnostic on almost all major high temperature fusion experimental devices. For the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), a highly flexible and extensive CXRS diagnostic has been built to provide high-resolution local measurements of several important plasma parameters using the recently commissioned neutral beam heating. This paper outlines the design specifics of the W7-X CXRS system and gives examples of the initial results obtained, including typical ion temperature profiles for several common heating scenarios, toroidal flow and radial electric field derived from velocity measurements, beam attenuation via beam emission spectra, and normalized impurity density profiles under some typical plasma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Ford
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Vanó
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J A Alonso
- CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Baldzuhn
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - M N A Beurskens
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Biedermann
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S A Bozhenkov
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Fuchert
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Geiger
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R J E Jaspers
- Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Kappatou
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Langenberg
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S A Lazerson
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R M McDermott
- Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P McNeely
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - T W C Neelis
- Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N A Pablant
- Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - E Pasch
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Rust
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Schroeder
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - E R Scott
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - H M Smith
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Th Wegner
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Kunkel
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R C Wolf
- Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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van Eeten P, Kallmeyer J, McNeely P, Rust N, Hartmann D, Schacht J, Naujoks D, Degenkolbe S, Vilbrandt R, Bosch H. W7-X NBI beam dump thermocouple measurements as safety interlock. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rust N. Population-based approaches reveal how visual and target information are compared during target search. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hannan FM, Nesbit MA, Zhang C, Cranston T, Curley AJ, Harding B, Fratter C, Rust N, Christie PT, Turner JJO, Lemos MC, Bowl MR, Bouillon R, Brain C, Bridges N, Burren C, Connell JM, Jung H, Marks E, McCredie D, Mughal Z, Rodda C, Tollefsen S, Brown EM, Yang JJ, Thakker RV. Identification of 70 calcium-sensing receptor mutations in hyper- and hypo-calcaemic patients: evidence for clustering of extracellular domain mutations at calcium-binding sites. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2768-78. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Greuner H, Bolt H, Böswirth B, Franke T, McNeely P, Obermayer S, Rust N, Süß R. Design, performance and construction of a 2MW ion beam test facility for plasma facing components. Fusion Engineering and Design 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McCormick K, Grigull P, Burhenn R, Brakel R, Ehmler H, Feng Y, Gadelmeier F, Giannone L, Hildebrandt D, Hirsch M, Jaenicke R, Kisslinger J, Klinger T, Klose S, Knauer JP, König R, Kühner G, Laqua HP, Naujoks D, Niedermeyer H, Pasch E, Ramasubramanian N, Rust N, Sardei F, Wagner F, Weller A, Wenzel U, Werner A. New advanced operational regime on the W7-AS stellarator. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:015001. [PMID: 12097046 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A promising new plasma operational regime on the Wendelstein stellarator W7-AS has been discovered. It is extant above a threshold density and characterized by flat density profiles, high energy and low impurity confinement times, and edge-localized radiation. Impurity accumulation is avoided. Quasistationary discharges with line-averaged densities n(e) to 4 x 10(20) m(-3), radiation levels to 90%, and partial plasma detachment at the divertor target plates can be simultaneously realized. Energy confinement is up to twice that of a standard scaling. At B(t) = 0.9 T, an average beta value of 3.1% is achieved. The high n(e) values allow demonstration of electron Bernstein wave heating using linear mode conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCormick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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Dunbar PR, Chen JL, Chao D, Rust N, Teisserenc H, Ogg GS, Romero P, Weynants P, Cerundolo V. Cutting edge: rapid cloning of tumor-specific CTL suitable for adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma. J Immunol 1999; 162:6959-62. [PMID: 10358133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using CTL has provided some clinical benefit to patients with metastatic melanoma. Use of cloned CTL of known specificity might improve clinical effect, but technical difficulties have limited exploration of this possibility. We have used fluorescence-driven cell sorting to clone tumor-specific CTL after staining with tetrameric MHC class I/peptide complexes. CTL specific for the melanoma Ags melan-A, tyrosinase, and MAGE3 were cloned from the peripheral blood, tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes, and skin metastases of five patients. Clones were isolated and characterized in as little as 6 weeks, much faster than is possible with previous techniques. We show that these CTL clones express markers compatible with immunotherapeutic use in melanoma, including the cutaneous lymphocyte Ag, which is associated with homing to skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Dunbar
- Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Dunbar PR, Ogg GS, Chen J, Rust N, van der Bruggen P, Cerundolo V. Direct isolation, phenotyping and cloning of low-frequency antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Curr Biol 1998; 8:413-6. [PMID: 9545200 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in controlling viral infections and certain tumours, but characterising specific CTL responses has always been technically limited. Fluorogenic 'tetramers' of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes have been exploited recently to quantify the massive expansion of specific CTLs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [1]. Here, we use MHC class I complex tetramers to isolate low-frequency antigen-specific CTLs directly from human peripheral blood, allowing the simultaneous phenotypic and functional characterisation and cloning of these CTLs. We synthesised a tetramer that specifically stained human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2. 1-restricted CTL clones recognising the influenza matrix protein peptide 58-66, matrix 58-66 [2]. This tetramer stained between 1 in 1,500 and 1 in 58,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HLA-A2.1+ individuals. The surface phenotype of these cells could be analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and the cells could be directly sorted into enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) plates, where they released interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) within 1 day of antigen exposure. The same population was cloned by FACS, and the specificity of several expanded clones was confirmed. Cloning was greatly simplified and accelerated compared with standard protocols, and was highly efficient. We also used tetramer-based sorting to enrich melanoma-specific CTLs derived from a tumour-infiltrated lymph node. Direct cloning of specific CTLs from peripheral blood can provide important information about immunological memory, CTL responses against tumour antigens and CTL proliferation and function, and opens up new possibilities for generating CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Dunbar
- Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Weller A, Baldzuhn J, Brakel R, Burhenn R, Erckmann V, Feng Y, Fiedler S, Geiger J, Giannone L, Grigull P, Hartfuss H, Hirsch M, Hofmann J, Kick M, Konrad C, Maassberg H, Rust N, Sardei F, Suvorov E. Plasma diagnostics and physics in the W7-AS stellarator. Fusion Engineering and Design 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sharrock CE, Sidhu S, Rust N, Davey N, Batchelor JR, McMichael A. HLA-reactive T cell clones: analysis of specificity. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:874. [PMID: 3274882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Sharrock
- Department of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, England
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Abstract
A hybridoma monoclonal anti-HLA antibody has been produced by the technique of Kohler and Milstein [1]. This antibody recognizes a new specificity common to HLA A2 and B17. It was shown to be a single antibody by isoelectric focusing and absorption experiments.
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Chader GJ, Rust N, Burton RM, Westphal U. Steroid-protein interactions. XXVI. Studies on the polymeric nature of the corticosteroid-binding globulin of the rabbit. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:6581-8. [PMID: 5076770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Burton RM, Harding GB, Rust N, Westphal U. Steroid-protein interactions. 23. Nonidentity of cortisol-binding globulin and progesterone-binding globulin in guinea pig serum. Steroids 1971; 17:1-16. [PMID: 5544881 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(71)80111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Diamond M, Rust N, Westphal U. High-affinity binding of progesterone, testosterone and cortisol in normal and androgen-treated guinea pigs during various reproductive stages: relationship to masculinization. Endocrinology 1969; 84:1143-51. [PMID: 5777411 DOI: 10.1210/endo-84-5-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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