Association between dental hygiene, gingivitis and overweight or the risk of overweight in primary teeth of 4- and 5-year-old preschoolers in México

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between dental hygiene, gingivitis and overweight or the risk of overweight according to body mass index (BMI).

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was performed with 1527 preschoolers. The children were divided into 4 groups: (i) absence of visible plaque and normal weight; (ii) absence of visible plaque and risk of overweight or overweight; (iii) presence of visible plaque and normal weight; and (iv) presence of visible plaque and risk of overweight or overweight. The clinical parameters evaluated were as follows: body mass index, degree of urban marginalization, dental caries, the simplified oral hygiene index and gingival status. Bivariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to identify associations between variables.

RESULTS

The highest mean of gingivitis (0.28) was observed in the groups with visible plaque with normal weight and with overweight and risk of overweight. The presence of visible plaque and risk of overweight or overweight were positively associated (P = .0001) with the mean of gingivitis (OR = 8.28, 95% CI = 3.30-19.8). The absence of visible plaque and risk of overweight or overweight (P = .0001) were also positively associated with the presence of gingivitis (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 0.68-8.06). This is after both models were adjusted by gender and degree of marginalization.

CONCLUSIONS

The professionals should develop interdisciplinary approaches to (i) propose appropriate interventions to improve oral health in overweight preschoolers; and (ii) propose interventions to decrease the overweight with the possibility of also reducing its association with gingivitis.

Molecular identification and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from primary dentition infections

BACKGROUND

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from dental infections and determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in dental care in the primary dentition.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study comprised 60 children who presented for dental treatment for active dental infections in the primary dentition. Samples from dental infections were collected and bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was determined by colony forming units on agar plates containing amoxicillin, clindamycin and amoxillicin-clavulanic acid (A-CA) tested at 8 μg/ml or 16 μg/ml.

RESULTS

Clindamycin in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml) showed the highest bacterial resistance (85.9%), followed by amoxicillin (43.7%) and A-CA (12.0%). All comparisons among the three antibiotics used in the study exhibited statistical significance (p = <0.05) in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml), and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The most prevalent resistant species identified by PCR in primary dentition infections were: Streptococcus oralis and Prevotella intermedia (75.0%); Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (48.3%); Streptococcus mutans (45.0%); Campylobacter rectus; and Streptococcus salivarius (40%).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that A-CA exhibited the lowest bacterial resistance for clinical isolates in primary dentition infections.