1
|
Musa B, Fawzy NA, Gandhi A, Alswang JM, Mbuguje EM, Naif A, Mutonga M, Asadi H, Laage Gaupp FM, Ramalingam V, Shaygi B. An International Collaboration in Interventional Radiology Training: Cultivating Knowledge and Fostering Interest Among Radiology Residents in East Africa. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024; 47:517-519. [PMID: 38361009 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Balowa Musa
- Department of Radiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Rd, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nader A Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takhasusi Road, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | | | - Jared M Alswang
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Erick M Mbuguje
- Department of Radiology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Malik Rd, P.O. Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Azza Naif
- Department of Radiology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Malik Rd, P.O. Box 65000, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Martin Mutonga
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Hamed Asadi
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabian M Laage Gaupp
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vijay Ramalingam
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Behnam Shaygi
- Department of Radiology, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, A404 Watford Rd, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almakadma AS, Fawzy NA, Baqal OJ, Kamada S. Perceptions and attitudes of medical students towards student evaluation of teaching: A cross-sectional study. Med Educ Online 2023; 28:2220175. [PMID: 37270796 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2220175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faculty evaluation surveys in the frame of student evaluation of teaching (SETs) are a widely utilized tool to assess faculty teaching. Although SETs are used regularly to evaluate teaching effectiveness, their sole use for making administrative decisions and as an indicator of teaching quality has been controversial. METHODS A survey containing 22 items assessing demographics, perception, and factors for evaluating faculty was distributed to medical students at our institute. Statistical analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel and R Software utilizing regression analysis and ANOVA test. RESULTS The survey received 374 responses consisting of 191 (51.1%) male students and 183 (48.9%) female students. In all, 178 (47.5%) students considered the optimal time for providing faculty evaluation to be after the release of the exam results, compared to 127 (33.9%) students, who chose the after the exam but before the release of exam results option. When asked what happens whenever the tutor is aware about the SETs data, 273 (72.9%) and 254 (67.9%) students believed that it would influence the difficulty of the exam and grading/curving of the exam results, respectively. Better teaching skills (93%, 348), being responsive and open to student feedback and suggestions (84.7%, 317), being committed to class time and schedule (80.1%, 300), and an easier exam (68.6%, 257) were considered important factors to acquire a positive evaluation by a considerable proportion of students. Fewer lectures (P < 0.05), decreased number of slides per lecture (P < 0.01), easier exam (P < 0.05), and giving clues to students about the exam (P < 0.05) were found to be very important to obtain a positive tutor evaluation by students. CONCLUSIONS Institutions ought to continue exploring areas of improvement in the faculty evaluation process while raising awareness among students about the importance and administrative implications of their feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nader A Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar J Baqal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudha Kamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fawzy NA, Tahir MJ, Saeed A, Ghosheh MJ, Alsheikh T, Ahmed A, Lee KY, Yousaf Z. Incidence and factors associated with burnout in radiologists: A systematic review. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 11:100530. [PMID: 37920681 PMCID: PMC10618688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objectives Burnout among physicians has a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. The radiology department is not immune to the burnout epidemic. Understanding and addressing burnout among radiologists has been a subject of recent interest. Thus, our study aims to systematically review studies reporting the prevalence of burnout in physicians in the radiology department while providing an overview of the factors associated with burnout among radiologists. Materials and methods The search was conducted from inception until November 13th, 2022, in PubMed, Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, and psycArticles. Studies reporting the prevalence of burnout or any subdimensions among radiology physicians, including residents, fellows, consultants, and attendings, were included. Data on study characteristics and estimates of burnout syndrome or any of its subdimensions were collected and summarized. Results After screening 6379 studies, 23 studies from seven countries were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 26 to 460 (median, 162; interquartile range, 91-264). In all, 18 studies (78.3%) employed a form of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. In comparison, four studies (17.4%) used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index, and one study (4.3%) used a single-item measure derived from the Zero Burnout Program survey. Overall burnout prevalence estimates were reported by 14 studies (60.9%) and varied from 33% to 88%. High burnout prevalence estimates were reported by only five studies (21.7%) and ranged from 5% to 62%. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization prevalence estimates were reported by 16 studies (69.6%) and ranged from 11%-100% and 4%-97%, respectively. Furthermore, 15 studies (65.2%) reported low personal accomplishment prevalence, ranging from 14.7% to 84%. There were at least seven definitions for overall burnout and high burnout among the included studies, and there was high heterogeneity among the cutoff scores used for the burnout subdimensions. Conclusion Burnout in radiology is increasing globally, with prevalence estimates reaching 88% and 62% for overall and high burnout, respectively. A myriad of factors has been identified as contributing to the increased prevalence. Our data demonstrated significant variability in burnout prevalence estimates among radiologists and major disparities in burnout criteria, instrument tools, and study quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader A. Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Junaid Tahir
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Saeed
- Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamara Alsheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fawzy NA, Cooper RS, Guan JJ. Prostatic Artery Embolization for Refractory Hematuria Secondary to Prostatic Varices. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:2028-2030. [PMID: 37532094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nader A Fawzy
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Roy S Cooper
- UPMC Hamot, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 100 Peach St, Erie, PA 16507
| | - Justin J Guan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Abdul Rab S, Alabdul Razzak G, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Tleyjeh I, Yaqinuddin A. NETs, infections, and antimicrobials: a complex interplay. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:9559-9568. [PMID: 37916323 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In response to a range of stimuli, neutrophils produce web-like structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The benefits of NETs in pathogen control are commonly offset by excessive release as part of a pro-inflammatory response, as shown in several disorders. The discovery of potential drugs that regulate NET release has helped to enhance our understanding of the role of NETs in immunological protection, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Emerging evidence has indicated that antimicrobials play an immunomodulatory role by influencing the levels of circulating NETs. Herein, we address NETosis in several disorders and detail the mechanisms of NET-mediated damage in infections. We also aim to evaluate recent evidence on the effects of antimicrobials on NET levels. Relevant keywords were searched in PubMed. Studies were evaluated for their relevance, and a narrative review was written accordingly. Several antibiotics, including beta-lactams and cephalosporins, alter NET formation and degradation in a protective manner, resulting in minimal host organ damage. Additionally, some studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory effects of antivirals and antifungals on NET. Further studies are needed to fully understand the clinical implications of NET-antimicrobial interactions and their underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Z Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fawzy NA, AlMuslem NF, Altayeb A, Ghosheh MJ, Khoumais NA. Improving Time to Diagnostic Resolution in the Breast Imaging Service: A Tertiary Center's Experience and Process of Improvement. J Breast Imaging 2023; 5:555-564. [PMID: 38416920 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast imaging services often experience a significant degree of variability in patient flow, leading to delay in time to diagnostic resolution, commonly referred to as time to resolution (TTR). This study applies Lean Six Sigma Methodology (LSSM) to reduce TTR and enhance patient outcomes. METHODS This study was IRB-approved. A baseline audit was done using cases of mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) to measure baseline TTR. Multidisciplinary meetings with all members of the breast imaging service, alongside a study of patient complaint data, were utilized to identify issues that were causing prolonged TTR. Following that, possible solutions were proposed and implemented. A post-implementation audit was conducted, and the resulting TTRs were compared. Significant differences in TTR between the pre- and post-solution implementation were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS During the baseline audit of 8 months, 589 cases of mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) were identified, and the resulting average TTR was 86.3 days. During the post-implementation period of 3 months, 370 mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) occurred, with a resulting average TTR of 36.0 days. After applying LSSM, TTR was reduced by 58.3% (P < 0.01). Some changes implemented included training the coordinators, establishing a rapid diagnostic clinic using previously underutilized equipment, and having radiologists assigned full-time to the breast imaging service. CONCLUSION Our team has successfully managed to identify various causes behind the prolonged TTR using LSSM. Team collaboration was essential to study and decide on a more achievable TTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader A Fawzy
- Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor F AlMuslem
- Qatif Central Hospital, Department of Radiology, Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Altayeb
- Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuha A Khoumais
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Department of Radiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arabi Z, Bawazir AS, Arabi T, Fawzy NA, Baduwaylan RA, Sabbah B. Factors associated with a higher need for antihypertensive medications at 12-months in postkidney transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2362-2367. [PMID: 37363589 PMCID: PMC10289748 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited data on why some kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (KTRs) have 'difficult-to-control (DTC) hypertension' requiring greater than or equal to 2 antihypertensive medications while others require less antihypertensive medications post-KTx. Methods The authors reviewed the pre-KTx cardiovascular (CV) imaging, and the changes of CV risk factors during the first-year post-KTx. The authors divided patients according to the number of their blood pressure medications at one year into two groups: requiring less than or equal to 1 and requiring greater than or equal to 2 medications (DTC hypertension). The target blood pressure during the time of this study was less than 140/90 mmHg. Results Two hundred forty-five KTRs were included with an average age of 43.2. 56.3% were male and 79.2% were living donor KTRs. Pre-emptive KTx was 6.5%, previous coronary artery disease was 12.7%, diabetes and smoking 40.8 and 9%, respectively. 38% of the patients had DTC HTN. Risk factors were age (P<0.01), pre-KTx hypertension (P<0.01), and diabetes mellitus (P<0.01). Dialysis vintage, type of dialysis, type of KTx, and smoking were not different between the groups.Patients with abnormal pre-KTx CV imaging, including abnormal ejection fraction less than 55% (P=0.03), abnormal wall motion on echocardiography (P<0.01), abnormal perfusion stress test (P<0.01), higher calcium scoring (P<0.01), abnormal cardiac catheterization (P<0.01), or higher degree of calcifications on CT of pelvic arteries (P<0.01) were at higher risk of DTC hypertension. Post-KTx factors including rejection, change in serum creatinine and weight, A1c, new-onset diabetes post-KTx, and persistent hyperparathyroidism were not different between the groups.Multivariate analysis revealed associations with age (aOR=1.027), male sex (aOR=2.057), baseline diabetes mellitus (aOR=2.065), baseline HTN (aOR=2.82), and use of greater than or equal to 2 antihypertensive medications at 1-month post-KTx (aOR=6.146). Conclusion At one year post transplantation, about a third of the KTRs required had DTC HTN. These patients were more likely to be older, males, diabetics, previously hypertensive, on greater than or equal to 2 HTN medications at 1-month post-KTx, and to have abnormal baseline pretransplant CV imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Arabi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City
- College of Medicine, King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
| | - Abdullah S. Bawazir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City
- College of Medicine, King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
| | - Tarek Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader A. Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A. Baduwaylan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, King Abdulaziz Medical City
- College of Medicine, King Saudi bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
| | - Belal Sabbah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Fawzy NA, Abbasi S, Othman UI, Ghallab SM, Shehata N. Ultrasound Findings in a Neonate During Anaphylactic Reaction to Total Parenteral Nutrition: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e33491. [PMID: 36756020 PMCID: PMC9901913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is the intravenous delivery of nutrients and is commonly used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Hypersensitivity reactions to parenteral nutrition have seldom been described in the literature. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening emergency condition that can progress rapidly and involves multiple organ systems. We report a case of anaphylaxis due to TPN in a neonate with observed ultrasound findings during the acute episode never reported in the literature before.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, Shaar BA, Almamlouk R, Riaz M, Obeidat M, Obeidat Y, Gerberi D, Taha RM, Kashour Z, Kashour T, Berbari EF, Alkattan K, Tleyjeh IM. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:657-666. [PMID: 35124265 PMCID: PMC8812092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome is now recognized as a complex systemic disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and signs at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 at different follow-up periods. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted up to October 2021 in Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and PubMed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Articles in English that reported the prevalence of persistent symptoms among individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and included at least 50 patients with a follow-up of at least 12 weeks after acute illness. METHODS Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to produce a pooled prevalence for each symptom at four different follow-up time intervals. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and was explored via meta-regression, considering several a priori study-level variables. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for prevalence studies and comparative studies, respectively. RESULTS After screening 3209 studies, a total of 63 studies were eligible, with a total COVID-19 population of 257 348. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder, and difficulty concentrating (32%, 25%, 24%, and 22%, respectively, at 3- to <6-month follow-up); effort intolerance, fatigue, sleep disorder, and dyspnea (45%, 36%, 29%, and 25%, respectively, at 6- to <9-month follow-up); fatigue (37%) and dyspnea (21%) at 9 to <12 months; and fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder, and myalgia (41%, 31%, 30%, and 22%, respectively, at >12-month follow-up). There was substantial between-study heterogeneity for all reported symptom prevalences. Meta-regressions identified statistically significant effect modifiers: world region, male sex, diabetes mellitus, disease severity, and overall study quality score. Five of six studies including a comparator group consisting of COVID-19-negative cases observed significant adjusted associations between COVID-19 and several long-term symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found that a large proportion of patients experience post-acute COVID-19 syndrome 3 to 12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19. However, available studies of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome are highly heterogeneous. Future studies need to have appropriate comparator groups, standardized symptom definitions and measurements, and longer follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osama Ali Omrani
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader A. Fawzy
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Center for Trial Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Obeidat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasin Obeidat
- UMass Chan Medical School–Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Dana Gerberi
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rand M. Taha
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria Kashour
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Kashour
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elie F. Berbari
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad M. Tleyjeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author. Imad M. Tleyjeh, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahd Medical City, PO Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|