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Jang H, Choi Y, Kwon E, Choi N, Jang Y, Song J, Shin S. Optimal application of compressive palatal stents following mesiodens removal in pediatric patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e808-e814. [PMID: 34704974 PMCID: PMC8601646 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no scientific evidence supporting the choice of a palatal stent in patients who underwent removal of an impacted supernumerary tooth. We aimed to investigate the effects of palatal stents in patients who underwent supernumerary tooth removal through a palatal approach and to suggest the optimal stent thickness and material. Material and Methods We recruited 144 patients who underwent extraction of a supernumerary tooth between the maxillary anterior teeth. Subjects were assigned to a control group (CG) or one of four compressive palatal stent groups (CPSGs) classified by the thickness and material of the thermoplastic acrylic stent used. Palatal gingival swelling and objective indices (healing, oral hygiene, gingival, and plaque) were evaluated before surgery and on postoperative days (PODs) 3, 7, and 14; pain/discomfort and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) were assessed as subjective indices of the effects of the stent. Results The CPSGs showed faster healing than did the CG on PODs 7 (P<0.001) and 14 (P=0.043); swelling was measured by 1.64±0.88 mm and 4.52±0.39 mm, respectively. Although swelling was least in the 4-mm hard group (0.92±0.33 mm), the difference compared with that in the 2-mm hard group (1.01±0.18 mm) was not significant (P=0.077). The CPSGs showed better COHIP (P<0.001-0.036) and pain scores (P<0.001) than did the CG on PODs 1-3. Conclusions Compressive palatal stents reduce discomfort by decreasing pain and alleviating swelling. Although a stent is effective regardless of its thickness and material, 2-mm hard stents maximized such positive effects with minimal discomfort. Key words:Supernumerary tooth, tooth Extraction, postoperative care, oral Health, pediatric dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Korea Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea Beomeo, Mulgeum, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
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Choi N, Im JH, Lee E, Lee J, Choi C, Park SR, Hwang DJ. WRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades in rice are involved in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3735-3748. [PMID: 32227093 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
WRKY proteins play essential roles as negative or positive regulators of pathogen defense. This study explored the roles of different OsWRKY proteins in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice. Assays of disease in OsWRKY10KD and OsWRKY88KD lines following infection with an incompatible Xoo race, which induced Xa1-mediated resistance in wild-type plants, showed that OsWRKY10 and OsWRKY88 were positive regulators of Xa1-mediated resistance. OsWRKY10 also acted as a positive regulator in basal defense by directly or indirectly activating transcription of defense-related genes. OsWRKY10 activated the OsPR1a promoter by binding to specific WRKY binding sites. Two transcriptional regulatory cascades of OsWRKY10 were identified in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance. In the first transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10 whereas OsWRKY51 acted upstream. OsWRKY10 activated OsPR1a in two distinct ways: by binding to its promoter and, at the same time, by indirect activation through OsWRKY47. In the second transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10, and OsWRKY88 acted upstream. These OsWRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades played important roles in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to enable the mounting of a rapid immune response against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeyeoung Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jinjeong Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Changhyun Choi
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Duk-Ju Hwang
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea
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Zheng M, Jang Y, Choi N, Kim D, Han T, Yeo JH, Lee J, Sung J. Dermal papilla cell culture under hypoxia. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zheng M, Jang Y, Choi N, Kim D, Han T, Yeo JH, Lee J, Sung J. 低氧环境下的真皮乳头细胞培养. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zheng M, Jang Y, Choi N, Kim DY, Han TW, Yeo JH, Lee J, Sung JH. Hypoxia improves hair inductivity of dermal papilla cells via nuclear NADPH oxidase 4-mediated reactive oxygen species generation'. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:523-534. [PMID: 30703252 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair regeneration and morphogenesis. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been made to promote DPC hair inductivity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the mitogenic and hair inductive effects of hypoxia on DPCs and examine the underlying mechanism of hypoxia-induced stimulation of DPCs. METHODS DPCs' hair inductivity was examined under normoxia (20% O2 ) and hypoxia (2% O2 ). RESULTS Hypoxia significantly increased the proliferation and delayed senescence of DPCs via Akt phosphorylation and downstream pathways. Hypoxia upregulated growth factor secretion of DPCs through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Hypoxia-preconditioned DPCs induced the telogen-to-anagen transition in C3 H mice, and also enhanced hair neogenesis in a hair reconstitution assay. Injected green fluorescent protein-labelled DPCs migrated to the outer root sheath of the hair follicle, and hypoxia-preconditioning increased survival and migration of DPCs in vivo. Conditioned medium obtained from hypoxia increased the hair length of mouse vibrissa follicles via upregulation of alkaline phosphatase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. We examined the mechanism of this hypoxia-induced stimulation, and found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role. For example, inhibition of ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine or diphenyleneiodonium treatment attenuated DPCs' hypoxia-induced stimulation, but treatment with ROS donors induced mitogenic effects and anagen transition. NADPH oxidase 4 is highly expressed in the DPC nuclear region, and NOX4 knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 attenuated the hypoxia-induced stimulation of DPCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DPC culture under hypoxia has great advantages over normoxia, and is a novel solution for producing DPCs for cell therapy. What's already known about this topic? Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair regeneration and morphogenesis, but they are difficult to isolate and expand for use in cell therapy. Tremendous efforts have been made to increase proliferation of DPCs and promote their hair formation ability. What does this study add? Hypoxia (2% O2 ) culture of DPCs increases proliferation, delays senescence and enhances hair inductivity of DPCs. Reactive oxygen species play a key role in hypoxia-induced stimulation of DPC. What is the translational message? Preconditioning DPCs under hypoxia improves their hair regenerative potential, and is a novel solution for producing DPCs for cell therapy to treat hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zheng
- STEMORE Co. Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Y Jang
- STEMORE Co. Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - N Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - T W Han
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J H Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J-H Sung
- STEMORE Co. Ltd, Incheon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
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Kim Y, Jeon E, Ryu C, Oh S, Lee J, Cho S, Choi N. PSXI-41 Effect of different homoserine lactones on in vitro rumen fermentation. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si,Republic of Korea
| | - E Jeon
- Chonbuk National University,Jeonju, South Korea
| | - C Ryu
- Chonbuk National University,Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S Oh
- Chonbuk National University,Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science,Namwon, South Korea
| | - S Cho
- Department of Animal Science,Jeonju, South Korea
| | - N Choi
- Chonbuk National University,Jeonju, South Korea
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Choi N, DiNitto D. OLDER ADULTS DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE: ASSOCIATIONS WITH MARIJUANA USE AND RISK PERCEPTIONS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D DiNitto
- University of Texas at Austin Steve Hicks School of Social Work
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Sagna A, Choi N. SUICIDE MORTALITY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Sagna
- The University of Texas at Austin
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Lin WS, Chou JC, Charette JR, Metz MJ, Harris BT, Choi N. Creating virtual 3-dimensional models for teaching pre-clinical tooth preparation: Students' usages and perceptions. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e573-e581. [PMID: 29665243 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to evaluate the students' usage and perceptions of using smartphones in their general dental education and learning tooth preparation with the individually designed virtual 3D instructional models in the pre-clinical removable partial denture course. MATERIALS AND METHODS Second-year dental students were asked to voluntarily participate in a survey to investigate their demographic information, general usages of smartphones, perception of smartphones usage in dental education (construct 1) and perception of individually designed virtual 3D instructional models (construct 2). Students' responses of general usages of the smartphones were compared with their demographic and educational backgrounds using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (for age) and Fisher's exact test (for sex, race and educational background). The sums of scores of the construct 1 and construct 2 were tested for associations with student's demographic and educational backgrounds using the Pearson product-moment correlation (for age), t test (for sex and educational background) or one-way ANOVA F test (for race) (α = .05). RESULTS A 75% response rate (N = 90) was achieved in this study, and all 90 participants owned smartphones. Students' responses to general usages of the smartphones were not significantly influenced by their demographic background. For the construct 1, more than 73% of participants responded either agree or strongly agree to the usage of smartphones in general dental education and pre-clinical setting; however, only 49% of participants responded the same way in the clinical setting. For the construct 2, 48 of 90 participants viewed the 3D models, and more than 73% of these 48 participants responded either agree or strongly agree to the usage of the 3D models in the pre-clinical course. Student's demographic background did not have significant influence on the sums of scores of the construct 1 and construct 2. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, high usages and ownerships of smartphones were found amongst the students surveyed. The individually designed virtual 3D instructional models as supplemental teaching materials in the pre-clinical course were perceived positively by the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J C Chou
- Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - J R Charette
- Department of Oral Health and Rehabilitation, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M J Metz
- Department of General Dentistry and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - B T Harris
- The Center for Aesthetic and Implant Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - N Choi
- Department of Educational Leadership, College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Choi N, Jeon W, Kang H, Kim H, Kim S. EP-1419: Outcomes according to radiation fields of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Choi N, Lee S, Lim Y, Eom K, Kang E, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim J, Park S, Kim I. PO-0654: Failure Patterns of Luminal B Breast Cancer Following Postoperative Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim E, Wu H, Kim J, Kim K, Yu T, Wee C, Choi N, Jang B, Jeon S, Lee H, Han D. PO-0610: Effects of an oral health promotion program in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Choi N, Kim J, Yu T, Kim H, Kim I. Does Fluid Collection Have an Impact on Radiation Therapy Outcomes After Excision of Soft Tissue Sarcoma? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shusharina N, Liao Z, Mohan R, Choi N, Bortfeld T. SU-C-207A-07: Cumulative 18F-FDG Uptake Histogram Relative to Radiation Dose Volume Histogram of Lung After IMRT Or PSPT and Their Association with Radiation Pneumonitis. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shusharina N, Khan F, Sharp G, Choi N. SU-G-BRC-12: Isotoxic Dose Escalation for Advanced Lung Cancer: Comparison of Different Boosting Strategiesfor Patients with Recurrent Disease. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Choi N, Kim J, Yu T, Kim H, Kim H, Kim I. PO-0767: Does fluid collection have an impact on radiotherapy outcomes after excision of soft tissue sarcoma? Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choi N, Lee C, Ahn Y, Oh D, Lee S, Wu H, Moon S, Kim Y, Oh Y, Noh O, Kim J. Patterns of Neck Recurrence After Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil: A Korean Radiation Oncology Group 11-07 Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Choi N, Lee C, Ahn Y, Oh D, Lee S, Wu H, Moon S, Kim Y, Kim J. 2844 Patterns of neck recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy of tonsillar cancer: Analysis of Korean radiation oncology group 11-07 data. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim M, Choi N, Yang JH, Yoo Y, Park K. Background parenchymal enhancement on breast MRI and mammographic breast density: correlation with tumour characteristics. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:706-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shusharina N, Khan F, Sharp G, Choi N. SU-E-J-124: 18F-FDG PET Imaging to Improve RT Treatment Outcome for Locally Advanced Lung Cancer. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shusharina N, Khan F, Choi N, Sharp G. SU-E-T-500: Dose Escalation Strategy for Lung Cancer Patients Using a Biologically- Guided Target Definition. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Mohan R, Matney J, Bluett J, Palmer M, Choi N, Chang J, Komaki R, Cox J, Liao Z. IMRT Versus Passively Scattered Proton Therapy (PSPT) for Locally Advanced NSCLC -- Impact of Changing Techniques and Technologies Over the Course of a Randomized Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Street I, Holmes I, Devlin M, Bergman Y, Doherty J, Natoli A, Falk H, Nikac M, Choi N, Walker S. 846 Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Combination With Bevacizumab Reduces the Rate of Tumor Revascularization and Increases Survival in a Pre-clinical Model of Basal Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Street I, de Sylva M, Lackovic K, Ganame D, Holloway G, Anderson R, McArthur G, Natoli A, Doherty J, Falk H, Kersten W, Lessene R, Leuchowius K, Novello P, Yang H, Bergman Y, Camerino M, Charman S, Gregg A, Choi N, Foitzik R, Hemley C, Lunniss G, Nikac M, Walker S, Lovrecz G, Monahan B, Peat T, Robinson C, Scott C, Gorman M, Parker M, Holmes I, Devlin M. Abstract LB-308: Combination of CTx-0294945 a highly selective inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase with bevacizumab in pre-clinical models of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that provides a critical hub for signalling from at least four different classes of cellular sensing mechanisms including growth factor receptors, GPCRs, integrins and mechanical stress forces. By temporal and spatial integration of signals from these sources, FAK plays a central role in cell migration, invasion and proliferation; processes vital for tumorigenesis. The significance of FAK to the function of signal transduction pathways provides a strong rationale for the combination of FAK inhibitors with other targeted agents to achieve improved efficacy against a range of cancers. Others have demonstrated the importance of FAK in angiogenesis and therefore combining a FAKi with anti-VEGF agents is attractive as it employs two complementary mechanisms of suppressing the formation of tumor vasculature. Here we present results from the co-administration of CTx-0294945, a highly selective FAKi, and bevacizumab (bev) in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer. Methods and Results: CTx-0294945 is an orally bioavailable small molecule ATP competitive inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK KD=0.21 nM). It exhibits high selectivity against a diverse panel of 125 kinases including the closely related Pyk2. CTx-0294945 inhibits autophosphorylation of 397Y-FAK in MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 = 7 nM and exhibits low general cellular toxicity (IC50 = 2.7 µM, MDA-MB-231 cells). CTx-0294945 is suitable for oral administration (%F=58 and t1/2=5.1 h at 20 mg/Kg in rat) and does not inhibit (IC50 >20 µM) any of the cytochrome p450 isoforms tested to date. To assess the co-administration of CTx-0294945 with bev, mice were injected orthotopically with MDA-MB-231 cells (106). After 14 days, when tumors were palpable, mice were randomized into 4 groups and dosing commenced. The groups were treated with CTx-0294945 (80 mg/kg QD, PO), bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week), CTx-0294945 (80 mg/Kg QD, PO) and bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week) or vehicle. Tumor growth was monitored and on day 28 animals in the vehicle and CTx-0294945 arms were culled when the size of the tumors reached ethical end point (1000 mm3). Tumor growth in the bev only and the CTx-0294945 + bev arms was significantly inhibited (75% and 88% TGI respectively). At this time the treatment regimes for both cohorts were stopped and tumor growth allowed to progress. After an additional 14 days the experiment was terminated when the bev treatment group reached ethical end point; however the average size of the tumors in the CTx-0294945 + bev cohort was still was only 562 mm3. Conclusions: Our data suggest the potential utility of combining a selective FAK inhibitor with bevacizumab to prevent tumour progression and enhance the durability of response.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-308
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Street
- 1Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M de Sylva
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - K. Lackovic
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - D. Ganame
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - G. Holloway
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - R. Anderson
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - G McArthur
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Natoli
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Doherty
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Falk
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - W Kersten
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - R Lessene
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - K Leuchowius
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - P Novello
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - H Yang
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Y Bergman
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Camerino
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Charman
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - A Gregg
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - N Choi
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Foitzik
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Hemley
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Lunniss
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Nikac
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Walker
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Lovrecz
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - B Monahan
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - T Peat
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Robinson
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Scott
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Gorman
- 6St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - M Parker
- 6St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - I Holmes
- 1Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Devlin
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
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Mohan R, Zhang X, Matney J, Bluett J, Dong L, Balter P, Engelsman M, Choi N, Komaki R, Liao Z. IMRT vs. Passively Scattered Proton Therapy (PSPT) for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung CA (LA NSCLC) Randomized Trial - Is there Equipoise? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee S, Kim S, Lee W, Oh C, Cho S, Park C, Lee S, Kim H, Choi N. UP-1.79: The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and vascular risk factors in aging men: Hallym aging study. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oh C, Choi N, Lee S, Yoo C, Cho J, Park S, Cho S. MP-04.13: The early experience of simultaneous transobturator tape (TOT) and trocar-guided tension free vaginal mesh (Prolift) procedures in patients with stress urinary incontinence concomitant with anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Han B, Ding A, Xu X, Bednarz B, Sharp G, Choi N, Chen G, Riper K. SU-GG-J-148: Evaluation of Performance of a Conceptual Time-Resolved Proton Range Telescope for In-Room Respiration Monitoring Using Monte Carlo Simulations and 4DCT Patient Data. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bradley J, Bae K, Choi N, Forster K, Siegel B, Brunetti J, Purdy J, Faria S, Vu T, Choy H. A Phase II Comparative Study of Gross Tumor Volume Definition with or without PET/CT Fusion in Dosimetric Planning for Non–small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Primary Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0515. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee S, Lee S, Kim H, Choi N, Jeong J, Jang S, Choi Y, Kim D. UP-3.072: Association Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction in Aging Men: Hallym Aging Study. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trofimov A, Gansemer C, Sharp G, Bortfeld T, Choi N. SU-GG-J-115: Investigating the Utility of Dose-Functional Histograms in Risk Assessment of Thoracic Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Enzinger PC, Yock T, Suh W, Fidias P, Mamon H, Choi N, Lehman N, Lawrence C, Lynch T, Fuchs C. Phase II cisplatin, irinotecan, cetuximab and concurrent radiation therapy followed by surgery for locally advanced esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4064 Background: Weekly irinotecan, cisplatin, and concurrent radiation therapy is a well-tolerated, active regimen in locally advanced esophageal cancer. (Ilson. JCO 2003) Cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, is a potent radiation sensitizer in head and neck cancer. (Bonner. Proc ASCO 2004) Methods: In this phase II trial, patients (pts) with T2–4N0–1M0–1A esophageal adenocarcinoma (A) or squamous cell carcinoma (S) receive 5040 cGy/28 fractions of radiation therapy (RT) and concurrent weekly cisplatin 30mg/m2 plus irinotecan 65 mg/m2 on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5, followed by surgery 4–8 weeks after completion of RT. Additionally, pts receive weekly infusions of cetuximab 250 mg during RT, up to one week before surgery, and for 6 months following surgery. Results: Seventeen pts have been entered: male: female = 14:3, median age 54, ECOG PS 0:1 = 6:11, A:S = 17:0, stage IIA:IIB:III:IVA = 6:1:8:2, tumor location-esophagus-mid:lower:gastroesophageal junction = 1:4:12, >10% weight loss-yes:no = 8:9. Of 17 pts entered, 15 pts have proceeded to surgery, 1 pt died from Aspergillus infection resulting in respiratory failure and sepsis, and 1 pt is pending surgery. Of the 15 pts who underwent surgery, 2 (13%) had a complete pathologic response; pathologic stage for other pts: 0 = 1, I = 3, IIA = 3, IIB = 1, III = 4, IV = 1. Grade III/IV toxicity (17 pts) was: diarrhea 9 pts, neutropenia 9 pts, febrile neutropenia 5 pts, anorexia 5 pts, vomiting 4 pts, fatigue 3 pts, mucositis 1 pt. Chemotherapy dose attenuation was required for diarrhea in 5 pts, for neutropenia in 4 pts, and for folliculitis in 1 pt. One patient was removed from study during week 6 for prolonged diarrhea/ dehydration. Due to the 2-step design of the trial, accrual is on hold pending a 3rd required pathologic CR in the first 17 patients. Conclusions: Compared to other trials of irinotecan, cisplatin, radiation therapy, and surgery in similar groups of esophageal cancer patients, early results for this combination with cetuximab suggest a lower complete response rate and higher overall toxicity. Additional data will be available at ASCO. Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Yock
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - W. Suh
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - P. Fidias
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - H. Mamon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - N. Choi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - N. Lehman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - T. Lynch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - C. Fuchs
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Boldea V, Sharp G, Jiang S, Choi N, Ginestet C, Carrie C, Sarrut D. SU-FF-I-99: Implementation and Evaluation of Automatic Contour Propagation in 4DCT of Lung. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Choi N, Pilling MJ, Seakins PW, Wang L. Studies of site selective hydrogen atom abstractions by Cl atoms from isobutane and propane by laser flash photolysis/IR diode laser spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2172-8. [PMID: 16751875 DOI: 10.1039/b516531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of chlorine atom abstractions from normal and selectively deuterated propane and isobutane have been measured at room temperature and 195 K using a laser flash photolysis system, and following the course of the reaction via IR diode laser absorption measurements of HCl product. In conjunction with the kinetic measurements, a comparison of the HCl signal heights from pairs of measurements on normal and selectively deuterated systems has allowed the determination of the branching fractions of the reactions at the primary, secondary (propane) and tertiary (isobutane) positions. The kinetic data (all in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) for the reaction of Cl atoms with propane ((1.22 +/- 0.02) x10(-10), 195 K; (1.22 +/- 0.03) x10(-10) 298 K) and isobutane ((1.52 +/- 0.02) x10(-10), 195 K; (1.25 +/- 0.04) x10(-10), 298 K) are generally in good agreement with literature data. No data are available for comparison with our measurements for the reactions of Cl atoms with CH(3)CD(2)CH(3) ((1.02 +/- 0.03) x10(-10), 195 K; (1.09 +/- 0.02) x10(-10), 298 K) or (CH(3))(3)CD ((1.32 +/- 0.03) x10(-10), 195 K; (1.12 +/- 0.04) x10(-10), 298 K). Rate coefficients at 195 K for the reactions of Cl atoms with ethane ((5.04 +/- 0.08) x10(-11) and n-butane ((2.19 +/- 0.03) x10(-10)) were also measured. The branching fractions for abstraction at the primary position increased with temperature for both propane ((40 +/- 3)% at 195 K to (48 +/- 3)% at 298 K) and isobutane ((49 +/- 4)% at 195 K to (62 +/- 5)% at 298 K). The direct measurements from this study are in good agreement with most calculations based on structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Choi
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Sher D, Wolfgang J, Niemierko A, Choi N. Quantification of Mediastinal Lymph Node Movement Using 4D CT Scan: Implications for Radiation Treatment Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Flampouri S, Sharp G, Wolfgang J, Niemierko A, Choi N, Jiang S. TU-D-J-6C-05: Investigation of the Actually Delivered Patient Dose in Lung IMRT Treatment Based On Deformable Registration of 4D CT Data and Monte Carlo Simulations. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the usefulness of reversed display of soft-copy abdominal radiographs for urinary calculi detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty radiographs with a single urinary calculus less than 5 mm in the long diameter (15 in the kidney; 15 in the proximal ureter; 15 in the mid-ureter, 15 in the distal ureter) and 15 radiographs without calculi were evaluated. Four readers blinded to the presence or absence of urinary calculi on each radiograph reviewed the radiographs in the conventional display, reversed display, and combination of conventional and reversed displays at 1-week intervals. All images were evaluated in random order and the presence or absence of urinary calculi was interpreted using the confidence score from 1 to 5. RESULTS Multireader analysis for calculi in all locations showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for combination of the two displays (0.764) than for the conventional display alone (0.655) (P=0.031). In the single-reader analysis for calculi in all locations, the third reader showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for the reversed display (0.784) than for the conventional display (0.622) (P=0.027). Multireader analysis of the calculi in the kidney showed a greater area under the receiver operating curve for combination of the two displays (0.824) than for the conventional display alone (0.703) (P=0.043). CONCLUSION The reversed display of soft-copy abdominal radiographs may be useful for urinary calculi detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kang
- Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Umemura K, Komatsu J, Uchihashi T, Choi N, Ikawa S, Nishinaka T, Shibata T, Nakayama Y, Katsura S, Mizuno A, Tokumoto H, Ishikawa M, Kuroda R. RecA-double stranded DNA complexes studied by atomic force microscopy. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:213-4. [PMID: 12903344 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
RecA-double stranded (ds) DNA complexes have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). When the complexes were prepared in the presence of ATP gamma S, fully covered RecA-dsDNA filaments were observed by AFM. When the concentration of RecA proteins was lower, various lengths of filaments were found. The variation of the observed structures may directly reflect the real distribution of the intermediate complexes in the reaction mixture, as the mixture was simply deposited on a mica surface for AFM observation without special fixation or staining. The use of a carbon nanotube (CNT) AFM tip enabled high resolution to reveal the periodicity of RecA-dsDNA filaments. Our observations demonstrated the potential of the AFM method for the structural studies of the RecA-dsDNA complexes, especially their intermediate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umemura
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan
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Choi N, Ohama Y. Basic Properties of New Polymer Mortars Using Waste Expanded Polystyrene Solution-Based Binders. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2003. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.2003.23.5.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The motion of lung tumors from respiration has been reported in the literature to be as large as 1-2 cm. This motion requires an additional margin between the Clinical Target Volume (CTV) and the Planning Target Volume (PTV). In Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), while such a margin is necessary, the margin may not be sufficient to avoid unintended high and low dose regions to the interior on moving CTV. Gated treatment has been proposed to improve normal tissues sparing as well as to ensure accurate dose coverage of the tumor volume. The following questions have not been addressed in the literature: (a) what is the dose error to a target volume without a gated IMRT treatment? (b) What is an acceptable gating window for such a treatment. In this study, we address these questions by proposing a novel technique for calculating the three-dimensional (3-D) dose error that would result if a lung IMRT plan were delivered without a gated linac beam. The method is also generalized for gated treatment with an arbitrary triggering window. IMRT plans for three patients with lung tumors were studied. The treatment plans were generated with HELIOS for delivery with 6 MV on a CL2100 Varian linear accelerator with a 26 pair MLC. A CTV to PTV margin of 1 cm was used. An IMRT planning system searches for an optimized fluence map phi(x,y) for each port, which is then converted into a dynamic MLC file (DMLC). The DMLC file contains information about MLC subfield shapes and the fractional Monitor Units (MUs) to be delivered for each subfield. With a lung tumor, a CTV that executes a quasiperiodic motion z(t) does not receive phi(x,y), but rather an Effective Incident Fluence EIF(x,y). We numerically evaluate the EIF(x,y) from a given DMLC file by a coordinate transformation to the Target's Eye View (TEV). In the TEV coordinate system, the CTV itself is stationary, and the MLC is seen to execute a motion -z(t) that is superimposed on the DMLC motion. The resulting EIF(x,y) is input back into the dose calculation engine to estimate the 3-D dose to a moving CTV. In this study, we model respiratory motion as a sinusoidal function with an amplitude of 10 mm in the superior-inferior direction, a period of 5 s, and an initial phase of zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Zygmanski P, kung J, Jiang S, Choi N, Chen G. Is IMRT of lung possible without respiratory gating? Clinical evaluation of a true dose received by a moving target volume. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Umemura K, Komatsu J, Uchihashi T, Choi N, Ikawa S, Nishinaka T, Shibata T, Nakayama Y, Katsura S, Mizuno A, Tokumoto H, Ishikawa M, Kuroda R. Atomic force microscopy of RecA--DNA complexes using a carbon nanotube tip. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:390-5. [PMID: 11181060 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report high resolution images of RecA-double stranded (ds) DNA complexes obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). When a carbon nanotube (CNT) tip was used, AFM images visualized the 10-nm pitch of RecA-dsDNA complexes and RecA filaments as three-dimensional surface topography without reconstruction analysis. The depth of the notch between two pitches was less than 1 nm. When adsorbed on a soft surface covered with proteins, naked DNA, RecA monomers, RecA hexamers, and short RecA filaments were all clearly resolved in one image. The high resolution images with a CNT tip provided valuable information on the initiation process of RecA-dsDNA complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umemura
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan
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Choi N, Baumann M, Flentjie M, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Senan S, Zamboglou N, Kosmidis P. Predictive factors in radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: present status. Lung Cancer 2001; 31:43-56. [PMID: 11162866 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the predictive factors for radiation response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the role of such factors in guiding high dose radiation therapy. METHODS The first International Workshop on Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Lung Cancer was organized by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group and held in Athens, Greece under the auspices of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Presentations at this meeting provided the outline of this report, which has also been supplemented with available data from the current literature. RESULTS The predictive factors for both the natural history and the therapy outcome of NSCLC are grouped as follows: (1) tumor related factors (anatomic factors); the extent of tumor (tumor stage) is one of most important prognostic factors affecting the therapy outcome. Tumor size (T stage), anatomical structures involved (T4 vs. T3 lesion), and the presence of regional lymph node metastasis have a significant impact on both prognosis and response to appropriate therapy; (2) host-related factors (clinical factors) that are important in therapy response include performance status, weight loss of more than 10% of body weight in the previous 6 months, and associated co-morbidities, i.e. pulmonary and cardiac diseases; (3) technical factors of radiation therapy which play a decisive role in successful outcome. The target volume should be defined accurately using modern imaging studies. The radiation dose fractionation schedule, in terms of the dose intensity and total dose, should be high enough to provide local tumor control in the majority of patients. Three-dimensional (3-D) conformal planning is an essential tool in dose escalation studies to determine the maximum tolerated dose of radiation; (4) biological/radiobiological/metabolic factors. Biologic markers resulting from genetic lesions in lung cancer are grouped as follows: (a) oncogene amplification and overexpression (aberrant gene expression) and mutated tumor suppressor genes -- ras gene, myc gene, HER-2/neu and survivin gene, p53 and mutated beta-tubulin gene; (b) tumor biologic/radiobiologic factors -- tumor cell proliferation kinetics, hypoxia, intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity, gamma factor, and DNA content; (c) enzymes and hormones: neuron-specific enolase, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and enhanced glucose metabolic rate supported by increased glucose transporter protein. The surviving fraction of tumor cells at 2.0 Gy of radiation (SF2) as a measure of intrinsic tumor cell radiosensitivity, potential doubling time (T(Pot)) as a measure of the rate of tumor cell proliferation and gamma factor representing the slope of the survival curve at 50% survival rate are being investigated as potential predictors for therapy response. Enhanced glucose utilization, a hallmark of malignant transformation, is being studied as a potential monitor for therapy response by using PET-FDG. CONCLUSION Current data indicate that there is a dose-response relationship between radiation dose and local tumor control, and also between local tumor control and survival in stage III NSCLC. Therapeutic factors, i.e. total radiation dose, fractionation schedule and dose intensity, and use of 3-D conformal radiation to secure the optimum therapeutic ratio are important for improved local tumor control and survival. Future research should be directed towards radiation dose escalation using 3-D conformal therapy to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of radiation in chemo-radiotherapy, and the use of this MTD for improved local tumor control and survival. Radiobiological, molecular, and metabolic markers may have potential for monitoring tumor response and optimizing radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Choi N, Fischman A, Niemierko A, McLoud T. Dose response relationship between PET-FDG uptake after chemo-radiotherapy (CT + RT) and histopathologic tumor control probability (pTCP) in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beswick MA, Choi N, Harmer CN, Hopkins AD, McPartlin M, Wright DS. Low-temperature synthesis of zintl compounds with a single-source molecular precursor. Science 1998; 281:1500-1. [PMID: 9727974 DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5382.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of the heterobimetallic phosphinidene complex [Sb(PCy)3]2- Li6.6HNMe2 (Cy = C6H11) at 303 to 313 kelvin gives Zintl compounds containing (Sb7)3- anions. The complex thus constitutes a stable molecular single-source precursor to Zintl compounds and provides a potential low-temperature route to photoactive alkali metal antimonates. The new chemical reaction involved, which is driven thermodynamically by the formation of P-P bonds, has implications in the low-temperature synthesis of other technologically important materials (such as gallium arsenide).
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Beswick
- M. A. Beswick, C. N. Harmer, A. D. Hopkins, D. S. Wright, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK. N. Choi and M. McPartlin, School of Chemistry, University of North London, London N7 8DB, UK
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Hunter GJ, Hamberg LM, Choi N, Jain RK, McCloud T, Fischman AJ. Dynamic T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in patients with lung cancer: correlating vascular physiology with glucose metabolism. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4:949-55. [PMID: 9563889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The management of primary lung cancer relies on sophisticated imaging methods to assist in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of tumor regression during treatment. The information provided is generally anatomical in nature, except for that provided by positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, a modality that yields physiological data that have been shown to be useful in identifying neoplasia, based on an elevated glucose metabolic rate. Because the metabolism of malignant tissue depends intimately on neovascularization to provide oxygen and glucose in sufficient quantities to allow tumor growth, the characterization of tumor vascular physiology could be an important tool for assessing and predicting the likely effectiveness of treatment. Our goal was to show the feasibility and practical value of parameters of tumor vascular physiology obtained using dynamic T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to correlate them with glucose metabolism and to demonstrate changes in these parameters during and after treatment in patients with lung cancer. Parameters of vascular physiology [permeability-surface area (PS) product and extracellular contrast agent distribution volume] and glucose metabolism were assessed in 14 patients with lung cancer. Glucose metabolism was measured by using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Vascular physiology was assessed by dynamic T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced MRI. The mean PS product in tumor was 0.0015 +/- 0.0002 s(-1) (n = 13) before, 0.0023 +/- 0.0003 s(-1) (n = 3, P = 0.053) midway through, and 0.00075 +/- 0.0002 s(-1) (n = 5, P < 0.03) 2 weeks after treatment. Values for the extracellular contrast distribution space were 0.321 +/- 0.03 before, 0.289 +/- 0.02 midway through, and 0.195 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.01) 2 weeks after therapy. The glucose metabolic rate was significantly correlated with the PS product (P < 0.01) but not with the extracellular contrast distribution space. Our results demonstrate that tumor PS product correlates with glucose metabolism, that chemo- and radiotherapy induce observable and quantifiable changes in these parameters, and that such changes can be measured by in vivo dynamic MRI. Quantitative dynamic T1-weighted MRI of tumor vascular physiology may have a useful role in the clinical management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02129, USA
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Zhang L, Barker JL, Xing G, Giorgi O, Ma W, Chang YH, Hu Q, Choi N, Rubinow DR. 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expressions differ in the embryonic spinal cord of male and female rats. Neurosci Lett 1997; 237:41-4. [PMID: 9406875 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During critical periods of development, the effects of testosterone (T) on promoting androgenization of the central nervous system (CNS) are reflected not only by behavior, morphology, and hormone secretion but also by gene expression. The mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation of the CNS, however, remain incompletely defined. The current set of experiments examined with in situ hybridization the dimorphism in 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression in the embryonic rat spinal cord and the possible role of T in the dimorphism. We found sex-related differences in expression of 5-HT1A mRNA in the spinal cord, which were altered by a single injection of T. The results suggest that this gonadal steroid is responsible for the sexual dimorphism in 5-HT1A mRNA expression occurring during the critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Huncharek M, Kelsey K, Mark EJ, Muscat J, Choi N, Carey R, Christiani D. Treatment and survival in diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma; a study of 83 cases from the Massachusetts General Hospital. Anticancer Res 1996; 16:1265-8. [PMID: 8702248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of treatment on clinical outcome in pleural mesothelioma (PM) is uncertain. We studied 83 patients with PM treated at our institution to evaluate the impact of treatment modality on survival, Methods. Medical records of 83 patients with PM treated between 1978 and 1994 were reviewed. The following data were tabulated for each patient; age, sex, date of diagnosis, history of asbestos exposure, smoking history, method of diagnosis, histologic subtype, type of treatment and survival from diagnosis. Four treatment groups were analyzed; chemotherapy (C), surgery (S), combined modality (CM i.e. S + C with or without radiation therapy) and supportive care alone (SC). Survival curves were calculated and adjustment made for age. Survival curves were compared using Wilcoxon Chi-square analysis. Results. Seventy-one males and 12 females with a mean age of 67 years were analyzed. Seventy-five percent were smokers and 74% reported definite or probable asbestos exposure. Treatment groups did not vary according to smoking or asbestos history. The CM group and SC groups contained similar proportions of patients with epithelial tumors (54% v 56%). Median survival for patients in the CM group was 23.9 months versus 4.5 months among those receiving SC (p < 0.01). Discussion. This analysis suggest prolonged survival among patients with PM receiving CM versus SC or single modality treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huncharek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
We performed an immunohistochemical cell kinetic study with monoclonal antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-PC10-and Ki-67-MIB-1-on 62 thymic epithelial tumors, to evaluate whether there is correlation between the proliferation indices of the neoplastic epithelial cells and histological subtype, stage, and risk of relapse. The 62 cases of thymic epithelial tumors were classified as medullary thymoma (4 cases), composite (mixed) thymoma (17 cases), organoid thymoma (predominantly cortical) (11 cases), cortical thymoma (10 cases), well-differentiated thymic carcinoma (18 cases), and poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma (2 cases). Labeling indices were expressed as percentage of epithelial cells with positive nuclear immunostaining by random counting of 1,000 epithelial tumor cells, using an oil immersion 100 x objective. PCNA labeling indices were consistently higher than those of Ki-67, and they correlated with each other. Well-differentiated thymic carcinoma showed higher labeling indices (3.11% +/- 3.53%) by Ki-67 antibody compared with the medullary type (0.60% +/- 0.07%) (P < .05) but there were no statistically significant differences between the other histological subtypes. Stage IV cases showed higher PCNA labeling indices (PCNA: 11.07% +/- 7.35%, Ki-67: 6.86% +/- 5.87%) than cases of the other stages (P < .05), but there were no statistically significant differences in either labeling index between the other stages. The number of patients who relapsed was too small to permit meaningful correlation between labeling indices and relapse. Our results indicate that the differences in biological behavior of the different histological subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors may be in part explained by differences in tumor growth fraction. Analysis of a larger group of patients will be required to determine whether proliferation fraction as determined by this method can be used to predict outcome in individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Yang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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