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Mata-Greenwood E, Chow WL, Anti NAO, Sands LD, Adeoye O, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW. Dysregulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Homeostasis and Glucocorticoid-Associated Genes in Umbilical Cord Endothelial Cells of Diet-Induced Obese Pregnant Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2311. [PMID: 38396987 PMCID: PMC10888705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic diseases that are hypothesized to be partly mediated by glucocorticoids. Therefore, we aimed to study fetal endothelial glucocorticoid sensitivity in an ovine model of MO. Rambouillet/Columbia ewes were fed either 100% (control) or 150% (MO) National Research Council recommendations from 60 d before mating until near-term (135 days gestation). Sheep umbilical vein and artery endothelial cells (ShUVECs and ShUAECs) were used to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and function in vitro. Dexamethasone dose-response studies of gene expression, activation of a glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-dependent luciferase reporter vector, and cytosolic/nuclear GR translocation were used to assess GR homeostasis. MO significantly increased basal GR protein levels in both ShUVECs and ShUAECs. Increased GR protein levels did not result in increased dexamethasone sensitivity in the regulation of key endothelial gene expression such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, or intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In ShUVECs, MO increased GRE-dependent transactivation and FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) expression. ShUAECs showed generalized glucocorticoid resistance in both dietary groups. Finally, we found that ShUVECs were less sensitive to dexamethasone-induced activation of GR than human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These findings suggest that MO-mediated effects in the offspring endothelium could be further mediated by dysregulation of GR homeostasis in humans as compared with sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mata-Greenwood
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Wendy L. Chow
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Nana A. O. Anti
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - LeeAnna D. Sands
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Olayemi Adeoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Stephen P. Ford
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA (P.W.N.)
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA (P.W.N.)
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Leslie E, Lopez V, Anti NAO, Alvarez R, Kafeero I, Welsh DG, Romero M, Kaushal S, Johnson CM, Bosviel R, Blaženović I, Song R, Brito A, Frano MRL, Zhang L, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Wilson SM. Gestational long-term hypoxia induces metabolomic reprogramming and phenotypic transformations in fetal sheep pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L770-L784. [PMID: 33624555 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00469.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational long-term hypoxia increases the risk of myriad diseases in infants including persistent pulmonary hypertension. Similar to humans, fetal lamb lung development is susceptible to long-term intrauterine hypoxia, with structural and functional changes associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension including pulmonary arterial medial wall thickening and dysregulation of arterial reactivity, which culminates in decreased right ventricular output. To further explore the mechanisms associated with hypoxia-induced aberrations in the fetal sheep lung, we examined the premise that metabolomic changes and functional phenotypic transformations occur due to intrauterine, long-term hypoxia. To address this, we performed electron microscopy, Western immunoblotting, calcium imaging, and metabolomic analyses on pulmonary arteries isolated from near-term fetal lambs that had been exposed to low- or high-altitude (3,801 m) hypoxia for the latter 110+ days of gestation. Our results demonstrate that the sarcoplasmic reticulum was swollen with high luminal width and distances to the plasma membrane in the hypoxic group. Hypoxic animals were presented with higher endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressed calcium storage. Metabolically, hypoxia was associated with lower levels of multiple omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and derived lipid mediators (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE), 12-HEPE, 15-HEPE, prostaglandin E3, and 19(20)-epoxy docosapentaenoic acid) and higher levels of some omega-6 metabolites (P < 0.02) including 15-keto prostaglandin E2 and linoleoylglycerol. Collectively, the results reveal broad evidence for long-term hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic transformations in the pulmonary arteries of fetal sheep, conditions that likely contribute to the development of persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leslie
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Vanessa Lopez
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Nana A O Anti
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Mechanisms, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Isaac Kafeero
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Mechanisms, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Romero
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shawn Kaushal
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Catherine M Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Remy Bosviel
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Ivana Blaženović
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare," I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California.,Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California.,Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - John W Newman
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California.,USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California.,West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.,Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Core, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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