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Mimmi S, Zimbo AM, Rotundo S, Cione E, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, Maisano D, Tolomeo AM, Dattilo V, Lionello R, Fioravanti A, Di Loria A, Quirino A, Marascio N, Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Matera G, Quinto I, Torti C, Iaccino E. SARS CoV-2 spike protein-guided exosome isolation facilitates detection of potential miRNA biomarkers in COVID-19 infections. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1518-1524. [PMID: 36972680 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly three years into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections are occurring in vaccinated and naturally infected populations. While humoral and cellular responses in COVID-19 are being characterized, novel immune biomarkers also being identified. Recently, an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressing (aka, ACE2 positive) circulating exosomes (ExoACE2) were identified in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (El-Shennawy et al.). In this pilot study, we describe a method to characterize the exosome-associated microRNA (exo-miRNA) signature in ACE2-positive and ACE2-negative exosomal populations (non-ExoACE2). METHODS We performed a sorting protocol using the recombinant biotin-conjugated SARS CoV-2 spike protein containing the receptor binding domain (RBD) on plasma samples from six patients. Following purification, exo-miRNA were characterized for ACE2-positive and ACE2-negative exosome subpopulations by RT-PCR. RESULTS We identified differential expression of several miRNA. Specifically let-7g-5p and hsa-miR-4454+miR-7975 were upregulated, while hsa-miR-208a-3p and has-miR-323-3p were downregulated in ExoACE2 vs. non-ExoACE2. CONCLUSIONS The SARS CoV-2 spike-protein guided exosome isolation permits isolation of ExoACE2 exosomes. Such purification facilitates detailed characterization of potential biomarkers (e.g. exo-miRNA) for COVID-19 patients. This method could be used for future studies to further the understanding mechanisms of host response against SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zimbo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Quirino
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Nisticò N, Aloisio A, Lupia A, Zimbo AM, Mimmi S, Maisano D, Russo R, Marino F, Scalise M, Chiarella E, Mancuso T, Fiume G, Omodei D, Zannetti A, Salvatore G, Quinto I, Iaccino E. Development of Cyclic Peptides Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Mesenchymal Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071078. [PMID: 37048151 PMCID: PMC10093212 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Being the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) highly expressed in mesenchymal TNBC and correlated with aggressive growth behavior, it represents an ideal target for anticancer drugs. Here, we have applied the phage display for selecting two highly specific peptide ligands for targeting the EGFR overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 cells, a human TNBC cell line. Molecular docking predicted the peptide-binding affinities and sites in the extracellular domain of EGFR. The binding of the FITC-conjugated peptides to human and murine TNBC cells was validated by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy confirmed the peptide binding specificity to EGFR-positive MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft tissues and their co-localization with the membrane EGFR. Further, the peptide stimulation did not affect the cell cycle of TNBC cells, which is of interest for their utility for tumor targeting. Our data indicate that these novel peptides are highly specific ligands for the EGFR overexpressed in TNBC cells, and thus they could be used in conjugation with nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Net4Science srl, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zimbo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- “Annunziata” Regional Hospital Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Omodei
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, IBB-CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, IBB-CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE- Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.A.R.L., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Mimmi S, Maisano D, Dattilo V, Gentile M, Chiurazzi F, D’Ambrosio A, Zimbo A, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, Vecchio E, Fiume G, Iaccino E, Quinto I. Unmutated IGHV1-69 CLL Clone Displays a Distinct Gene Expression Profile by a Comparative qRT-PCR Assay. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030604. [PMID: 35327406 PMCID: PMC8945665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable clinical courses among different patients. This notion was supported by the possible coexistence of two or more independent CLL clones within the same patients, identified by the characterization of the B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) idiotypic sequence. By using the antigen-binding site of the BcR IG as bait, the identification and isolation of aggressive and drug-resistance leukemic B-cell clones could allow a deeper biological and molecular investigation. Indeed, by the screening of phage display libraries, we previously selected a peptide binder of the idiotypic region of CLL BCR IGs expressing the unmutated rearrangement IGHV1-69 and used it as a probe to perform a peptide-based cell sorting by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples from patients with CLL. Since the IGHV1-69 clones persisted during the follow-up time in both patients, we explored the possibility of these clones having acquired an evolutive advantage compared to the other coexisting clones in terms of a higher expression of genes involved in the survival and apoptosis escape processes. To this end, we studied the expression patterns of a panel of genes involved in apoptosis regulation and in NF-kB-dependent pro-survival signals by comparative qRT-PCR assays. According to the results, IGHV1-69 clones showed a higher expression of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic genes as compared to the other CLL clones with different immunogenetic characteristics. Moreover, these IGHV1-69 clones did not carry any characteristic genetic lesions, indicating the relevance of our approach in performing a comprehensive molecular characterization of single tumor clones, as well as for designing new personalized therapeutic approaches for the most aggressive and persistent tumor clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Mimmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (V.D.); Tel.: +39-0961-369-4057 (S.M. & V.D.)
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Laboratory Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (V.D.); Tel.: +39-0961-369-4057 (S.M. & V.D.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, A.O of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandro D’Ambrosio
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Annamaria Zimbo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (A.Z.); (N.N.); (A.A.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (E.I.); (I.Q.)
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Maisano D, Mimmi S, Dattilo V, Marino F, Gentile M, Vecchio E, Fiume G, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, de Santo MP, Desiderio G, Musolino V, Nucera S, Sbrana F, Andò S, Ferrero S, Morandi A, Bertoni F, Quinto I, Iaccino E. A novel phage display based platform for exosome diversity characterization. Nanoscale 2022; 14:2998-3003. [PMID: 35141731 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06804k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present an innovative approach allowing the identification, isolation, and molecular characterization of disease-related exosomes based on their different antigenic reactivities. The designed strategy could be immediately translated into any disease in which exosomes are involved. The identification of specific markers and their subsequent association with exosome subtypes, together with the possibility to engineer target-guided exosome-like particles, could represent the key for the effective adoption of exosomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetics Units, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Desiderio
- CNR/Nanotec, Physics Department, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Ferrero
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- IOR, Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia of Catanzaro", Catanzaro, Italy.
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Vecchio E, Caiazza C, Mimmi S, Avagliano A, Iaccino E, Brusco T, Nisticò N, Maisano D, Aloisio A, Quinto I, Renna M, Divisato G, Romano S, Tufano M, D’Agostino M, Vigliar E, Iaccarino A, Mignogna C, Andreozzi F, Mannino GC, Spiga R, Stornaiuolo M, Arcucci A, Mallardo M, Fiume G. Metabolites Profiling of Melanoma Interstitial Fluids Reveals Uridine Diphosphate as Potent Immune Modulator Capable of Limiting Tumor Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730726. [PMID: 34604232 PMCID: PMC8486041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) surrounds and perfuses tumors and collects ions, metabolites, proteins, and extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor and stromal cells. Specific metabolites, accumulated within the TIF, could induce metabolic alterations of immune cells and shape the tumor microenvironment. We deployed a metabolomic approach to analyze the composition of melanoma TIF and compared it to the plasma of C57BL6 mice, engrafted or not with B16-melanoma cells. Among the classes of metabolites analyzed, monophosphate and diphosphate nucleotides resulted enriched in TIF compared to plasma samples. The analysis of the effects exerted by guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP) on immune response revealed that GDP and UDP increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3- and, on isolated CD4+ T-cells, induced the phosphorylation of ERK, STAT1, and STAT3; increased the activity of NF-κB subunits p65, p50, RelB, and p52; increased the expression of Th1/Th17 markers including IFNγ, IL17, T-bet, and RORγt; and reduced the expression of IL13, a Th2 marker. Finally, we observed that local administrations of UDP in B16-engrafted C57BL6 mice reduced tumor growth and necrotic areas. In addition, UDP-treated tumors showed a higher presence of MHCIIhi tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) and of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), both markers of anti-tumor immune response. Consistent with this, intra-tumoral gene expression analysis revealed in UDP-treated tumors an increase in the expression of genes functionally linked to anti-tumor immune response. Our analysis revealed an important metabolite acting as mediator of immune response, which could potentially represent an additional tool to be used as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Brusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Divisato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Maisano D, Iaccino E, D'Ambrosio A, Chiurazzi F, Dattilo V, Scalise M, Gentile M, Vecchio E, Nisticò N, Aloisio A, De Sensi E, Fiume G, Quinto I, Mimmi S. Predominant VH1-69 IgBCR Clones Show Higher Expression of CD5 in Heterogeneous Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Populations. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703254. [PMID: 34222027 PMCID: PMC8249760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin B cell receptor (IgBCR) expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, supporting neoplastic transformation, survival, and expansion of tumor clones. We demonstrated that in the same patient, two or more CLL clones could coexist, recognized by the expression of different variable regions of the heavy chain of IgBCR, composing the antigen-binding site. In this regard, phage display screening could be considered the easier and most advantageous methodology for the identification of small peptide molecules able to mimic the natural antigen of the tumor IgBCRs. These molecules, properly functionalized, could be used as a probe to specifically identify and isolate single CLL subpopulations, for a deeper analysis in terms of drug resistance, phenotype, and gene expression. Furthermore, CLL cells express another surface membrane receptor, the CD5, which is commonly expressed by normal T cells. Piece of evidence supports a possible contribution of CD5 to the selection and maintenance of autoreactivity in B cells and the constitutive expression of CD5 on CLL cells could induce pro-survival stimuli. In this brief research report, we describe a peptide-based single-cell sorting using as bait the IgBCR of tumor cells; in the next step, we performed a quantitative analysis of CD5 expression by qRT-PCR related to the expressed IgBCR. Our approach could open a new perspective for the identification, isolation, and investigation of all subsets of IgBCR-related CLL clones, with particular attention to the more aggressive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maisano
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Hematological Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika De Sensi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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7
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Aloisio A, Nisticò N, Mimmi S, Maisano D, Vecchio E, Fiume G, Iaccino E, Quinto I. Phage-Displayed Peptides for Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Membrane Receptors in Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:649. [PMID: 33918836 PMCID: PMC8070105 DOI: 10.3390/v13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate critical physiological processes, such as cell growth, survival, motility, and metabolism. Abnormal activation of RTKs and relative downstream signaling is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Phage display allows the rapid selection of peptide ligands of membrane receptors. These peptides can target in vitro and in vivo tumor cells and represent a novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Further, they are more convenient compared to antibodies, being less expensive and non-immunogenic. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of phage display for development of peptide ligands of tyrosine kinase membrane receptors and discuss their potential applications for tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ileana Quinto
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (I.Q.): Tel.: +39-0961-3694057 (I.Q.)
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Nisticò N, Maisano D, Iaccino E, Vecchio E, Fiume G, Rotundo S, Quinto I, Mimmi S. Role of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)-Derived Exosomes in Tumor Progression and Survival. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090244. [PMID: 32937811 PMCID: PMC7557731 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-lymphoproliferative disease, which consists of the abnormal proliferation of CD19/CD5/CD20/CD23 positive lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid organs, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. The neoplastic transformation and expansion of tumor B cells are commonly recognized as antigen-driven processes, mediated by the interaction of antigens with the B cell receptor (BCR) expressed on the surface of B-lymphocytes. The survival and progression of CLL cells largely depend on the direct interaction of CLL cells with receptors of accessory cells of tumor microenvironment. Recently, much interest has been focused on the role of tumor release of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), named exosomes, which incorporate a wide range of biologically active molecules, particularly microRNAs and proteins, which sustain the tumor growth. Here, we will review the role of CLL-derived exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (E.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Health Sciences–University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.N.); (D.M.); (E.V.); (G.F.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (E.I.); (S.M.)
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Maisano D, Mimmi S, Russo R, Fioravanti A, Fiume G, Vecchio E, Nisticò N, Quinto I, Iaccino E. Uncovering the Exosomes Diversity: A Window of Opportunity for Tumor Progression Monitoring. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080180. [PMID: 32759810 PMCID: PMC7464894 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can communicate through special “messages in the bottle”, which are recorded in the bloodstream inside vesicles, namely exosomes. The exosomes are nanovesicles of 30–100 nm in diameter that carry functionally active biological material, such as proteins, messanger RNA (mRNAs), and micro RNA (miRNAs). Therefore, they are able to transfer specific signals from a parental cell of origin to the surrounding cells in the microenvironment and to distant organs through the circulatory and lymphatic stream. More and more interest is rising for the pathological role of exosomes produced by cancer cells and for their potential use in tumor monitoring and patient follow up. In particular, the exosomes could be an appropriate index of proliferation and cancer cell communication for monitoring the minimal residual disease, which cannot be easily detectable by common diagnostic and monitoring techniques. The lack of unequivocal markers for tumor-derived exosomes calls for new strategies for exosomes profile characterization aimed at the adoption of exosomes as an official tumor biomarker for tumor progression monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Nancy Nisticò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (G.F.); (E.V.); (N.N.); (I.Q.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (E.I.)
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Vecchio E, Fiume G, Correnti S, Romano S, Iaccino E, Mimmi S, Maisano D, Nisticò N, Quinto I. Insights about MYC and Apoptosis in B-Lymphomagenesis: An Update from Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4265. [PMID: 32549409 PMCID: PMC7352788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between cell survival and cell death represents an essential part of human tissue homeostasis, while altered apoptosis contributes to several pathologies and can affect the treatment efficacy. Impaired apoptosis is one of the main cancer hallmarks and some types of lymphomas harbor mutations that directly affect key regulators of cell death (such as BCL-2 family members). The development of novel techniques in the field of immunology and new animal models has greatly accelerated our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in MYC-associated lymphomas. Mouse models are a powerful tool to reveal multiple genes implicated in the genesis of lymphoma and are extensively used to clarify the molecular mechanism of lymphoma, validating the gene function. Key features of MYC-induced apoptosis will be discussed here along with more recent studies on MYC direct and indirect interactors, including their cooperative action in lymphomagenesis. We review our current knowledge about the role of MYC-induced apoptosis in B-cell malignancies, discussing the transcriptional regulation network of MYC and regulatory feedback action of miRs during MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. More importantly, the finding of new modulators of apoptosis now enabling researchers to translate the discoveries that have been made in the laboratory into clinical practice to positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (E.I.); (S.M.); (D.M.); (N.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (S.R.); (E.I.); (S.M.); (D.M.); (N.N.)
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