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Heijkoop B, Galiabovitch E, York N, Webb D. Consensus of multiple national guidelines: agreed strategies for initial stone management during COVID-19. World J Urol 2020; 39:3161-3174. [PMID: 33226444 PMCID: PMC7681178 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the existing available information regarding urolithiasis management and the impact of COVID-19 on this, and propose recommendations for management of emergency urolithiasis presentations in the COVID-19 era. METHODS Review of published guidelines produced by Urological Governing Bodies, followed by the literature review regarding urolithiasis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Consistent recommendations across guidelines and literature were that urolithiasis with concurrent sepsis or renal failure remains a urological emergency warranting urgent intervention within the pandemic environment. Ureteric stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy are considered equivalent for decompression in this setting, with both ideally to be performed under local anaesthesia where possible to spare ventilators and reduce aerosol-generating procedures. Greater utilization of medical expulsive therapy and dissolution chemolysis may occur during the pandemic, and longer indwelling stent times may be accepted while definite stone clearance is deferred. CONCLUSIONS Urolithiasis will continue to be a source of emergency presentations requiring urgent intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is possible to limit these interventions to decompression of the collecting system in the setting of concurrent obstruction or infection, performed under local anaesthesia to limit use of resources and minimise aerosol-generating procedures, with deferral of definitive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Heijkoop
- Austin Health, The University of Adelaide, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | - E Galiabovitch
- Austin Health, The University of Adelaide, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - N York
- Auckland Regional Urology Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Webb
- Austin Health, The University of Adelaide, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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York N, Halbach P, Chiu MA, Bird IM, Pillers DAM, Pattnaik BR. Oxytocin (OXT)-stimulated inhibition of Kir7.1 activity is through PIP 2-dependent Ca 2+ response of the oxytocin receptor in the retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. Cell Signal 2017; 37:93-102. [PMID: 28603013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide that activates the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), a rhodopsin family G-protein coupled receptor. Our localization of OXTR to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), in close proximity to OXT in the adjacent photoreceptor neurons, leads us to propose that OXT plays an important role in RPE-retinal communication. An increase of RPE [Ca2+]i in response to OXT stimulation implies that the RPE may utilize oxytocinergic signaling as a mechanism by which it accomplishes some of its many roles. In this study, we used an established human RPE cell line, a HEK293 heterologous OXTR expression system, and pharmacological inhibitors of Ca2+ signaling to demonstrate that OXTR utilizes capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) mechanisms to sustain an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. These findings demonstrate how multiple functional outcomes of OXT-OXTR signaling could be integrated via a single pathway. In addition, the activated OXTR was able to inhibit the Kir7.1 channel, an important mediator of sub retinal waste transport and K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel York
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Division of Neonatology& Newborn Nursery, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; The McPherson Eye Research Institute, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Patrick Halbach
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Division of Neonatology& Newborn Nursery, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; The McPherson Eye Research Institute, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Michelle A Chiu
- Division of Neonatology& Newborn Nursery, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; The McPherson Eye Research Institute, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Ian M Bird
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - De-Ann M Pillers
- Division of Neonatology& Newborn Nursery, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Medical Genetics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; The McPherson Eye Research Institute, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Division of Neonatology& Newborn Nursery, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Departments of Pediatrics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; The McPherson Eye Research Institute, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States.
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Pattnaik BR, Shahi PK, Marino MJ, Liu X, York N, Brar S, Chiang J, Pillers DAM, Traboulsi EI. A Novel KCNJ13 Nonsense Mutation and Loss of Kir7.1 Channel Function Causes Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA16). Hum Mutat 2015; 36:720-7. [PMID: 25921210 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the KCNJ13 gene that encodes the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1 cause snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration (SVD) and leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Kir7.1 controls the microenvironment between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and also contributes to the function of other organs such as uterus and brain. Heterologous expressions of the mutant channel have suggested a dominant-negative loss of Kir7.1 function in SVD, but parallel studies in LCA16 have been lacking. Herein, we report the identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the second exon of the KCNJ13 gene that leads to a premature stop codon in association with LCA16. We have determined that the mutation results in a severe truncation of the Kir7.1 C-terminus, alters protein localization, and disrupts potassium currents. Coexpression of the mutant and wild-type channel has no negative influence on the wild-type channel function, consistent with the normal clinical phenotype of carrier individuals. By suppressing Kir7.1 function in mice, we were able to reproduce the severe LCA electroretinogram phenotype. Thus, we have extended the observation that Kir7.1 mutations are associated with vision disorders to include novel insights into the molecular mechanism of disease pathobiology in LCA16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meghan J Marino
- Center for Genetic Eye Diseases and Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathaniel York
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Simran Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John Chiang
- Casey Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - De-Ann M Pillers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Center for Genetic Eye Diseases and Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Halbach P, Pillers DAM, York N, Asuma MP, Chiu MA, Luo W, Tokarz S, Bird IM, Pattnaik BR. Oxytocin expression and function in the posterior retina: a novel signaling pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:751-60. [PMID: 25593022 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxytocin (OXT) is recognized as an ubiquitously acting nonapeptide hormone that is involved in processes ranging from parturition to neural development. Its effects are mediated by cell signaling that occurs as a result of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) activation. We sought to determine whether the OXT-OXTR signaling pathway is also expressed within the retina. METHODS Immunohistochemistry using cell-specific markers was used to localize OXT within the rhesus retina. Reverse transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of OXTR in both human and rhesus retina. Single-cell RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to determine the expression of OXTR in cultured human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells. Human fetal RPE cells loaded with FURA-2 AM were studied by ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging to assess transient mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i). RESULTS Oxytocin was expressed in the cone photoreceptor extracellular matrix of the rhesus retina. Oxytocin mRNA and protein were expressed in the human and rhesus RPE. Oxytocin mRNA and protein expression were observed in cultured hfRPE cells, and exposure of these cells to 100 nM OXT induced a transient 79 ± 1.5 nM increase of [Ca(2+)]i. CONCLUSIONS Oxytocin and OXTR are present in the posterior retina, and OXT induces an increase in hfRPE [Ca(2+)]i. These results suggest that the OXT-OXTR signaling pathway is active in the retina. We propose that OXT activation of the OXTR occurs in the posterior retina and that this may serve as a paracrine signaling pathway that contributes to communication between the cone photoreceptor and the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Halbach
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States The Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - De-Ann M Pillers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nathaniel York
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States The Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Matti P Asuma
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michelle A Chiu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Wenxiang Luo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sara Tokarz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ian M Bird
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States The Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Shawgo T, York N. Preoperative versus postoperative weights: which one should be used for cardiac surgery patients' drug and hemodynamic calculations? Crit Care Nurse 1999; 19:57-60. [PMID: 10808813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shawgo
- Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine in Springfield, USA
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Shawgo T, York N. Preoperative versus postoperative weights: which one should be used for cardiac surgery patients' drug and hemodynamic calculations? Crit Care Nurse 1999. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn1999.19.5.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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York N. Let's have more collaboration with medicine. Image J Nurs Sch 1995; 27:172. [PMID: 7590794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1995.tb00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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York N. Coping with caregiving: supporting the informal caregiver. Caring 1995; 14:44-7. [PMID: 10141825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Community health nurses often work side by side with informal caregivers. Professional caregivers can reduce their own stress and that of their patients by helping to reduce the stress of the informal caregivers, who provide a great deal of support and medical care to their loved ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- N York
- Visiting Nurse Service of Rochester and Monroe County, NY, USA
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York N, Cowan D. Halo traction. Can Nurse 1980; 76:28-31. [PMID: 6897949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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