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Callaghan NI, Williams KJ, MacCormack TJ. Cardioprotective mitochondrial binding by hexokinase I is induced by a hyperoxic acute thermal insult in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2
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Lee XA, Callaghan NI. Age-dependent effects on sympathetic responsiveness in cardiac action potential conduction and calcium handling. J Physiol 2018; 596:4569-4570. [PMID: 30095231 DOI: 10.1113/jp276950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Alexander Lee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Callaghan NI, Williams KJ, Bennett JC, MacCormack TJ. Nanoparticulate-specific effects of silver on teleost cardiac contractility. Environ Pollut 2018; 237:721-730. [PMID: 29129433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nAg), due to their biocidal properties, are common in medical applications and are used in more consumer products than any other engineered nanomaterial. This growing abundance, combined with their ability to translocate across the epithelium and bioaccumulate, suggests that internalized nAg may present a risk of toxicity to many organisms in the future. However, little experimentation has been devoted to cardiac responses to acute nAg exposure, even though nAg is known to disrupt ion channels even when ionic Ag+ does not. In this study, we examined the cardiac response to nAg exposure relative to a sham and an ionic AgNO3 control across cardiomyocyte survival and homeostasis, ventricular contractility, and intrinsic pacing rates of whole hearts. Our results suggest that nAg, but not Ag+ alone, inhibits force production by the myocardium, that Ag in any form disrupts normal pacing of cardiac contractions, and that these responses are likely not due to cytotoxicity. This evidence of nanoparticle-specific effects on physiology should encourage further research into nAg cardiotoxicity and other potential sublethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Javier Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
| | - J Craig Bennett
- Department of Physics, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Tyson James MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G8, Canada.
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Callaghan NI, Lee XA. Extracellular matrix stiffness affects contractility in adult rat cardiomyocytes: implications for dynamic nitric oxide signalling and calcium handling. J Physiol 2017; 595:5759-5760. [PMID: 28696527 DOI: 10.1113/jp274787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier Alexander Lee
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Callaghan NI, MacCormack TJ. Ecophysiological perspectives on engineered nanomaterial toxicity in fish and crustaceans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 193:30-41. [PMID: 28017784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are incorporated into numerous industrial, clinical, food, and consumer products and a significant body of evidence is now available on their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Environmental ENM concentrations are difficult to quantify, but production and release estimates suggest wastewater treatment plant effluent levels ranging from 10-4 to >101μgL-1 for the most common formulations by production volume. Bioavailability and ENM toxicity are heavily influenced by water quality parameters and the physicochemical properties and resulting colloidal behaviour of the particular ENM formulation. ENMs generally induce only mild acute toxicity to most adult fish and crustaceans under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios; however, sensitivity may be considerably higher for certain species and life stages. In adult animals, aquatic ENM exposure often irritates respiratory and digestive epithelia and causes oxidative stress, which can be associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and the activation of immune responses. Direct interactions between ENMs (or their dissolution products) and proteins can also lead to ionoregulatory stress and/or developmental toxicity. Chronic and developmental toxicity have been noted for several common ENMs (e.g. TiO2, Ag), however more data is necessary to accurately characterize long term ecological risks. The bioavailability of ENMs should be limited in saline waters but toxicity has been observed in marine animals, highlighting a need for more study on possible impacts in estuarine and coastal systems. Nano-enabled advancements in industrial processes like water treatment and remediation could provide significant net benefits to the environment and will likely temper the relatively modest impacts of incidental ENM release and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyson James MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
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Callaghan NI, Tunnah L, Currie S, MacCormack TJ. Metabolic Adjustments to Short-Term Diurnal Temperature Fluctuation in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:498-510. [DOI: 10.1086/688680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Callaghan NI. β-Adrenergic augmentation of cardiac contractility is dependent on PKA-mediated phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C and troponin I. J Physiol 2016; 594:4707-8. [PMID: 27581566 PMCID: PMC5009792 DOI: 10.1113/jp272333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, E4L 1H3.
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Gormley PT, Callaghan NI, MacCormack TJ, Dieni CA. Assessment of the toxic potential of engineered metal oxide nanomaterials using an acellular model: citrated rat blood plasma. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:601-610. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1218986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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MacCormack TJ, Callaghan NI, Sykes AV, Driedzic WR. Taurine depresses cardiac contractility and enhances systemic heart glucose utilization in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 186:215-27. [PMID: 26644087 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in the blood of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, where levels can exceed 200 mmol L(-1). In mammals, intracellular taurine modulates cardiac Ca(2+) handling and carbohydrate metabolism at much lower concentrations but it is not clear if it exerts similar actions in cephalopods. Blood Ca(2+) levels are high in cephalopods and we hypothesized that taurine would depress cardiac Ca(2+) flux and modulate contractility in systemic and branchial hearts of cuttlefish. Heart performance was assessed with an in situ perfused systemic heart preparation and contractility was evaluated using isometrically contracting systemic and branchial heart muscle rings. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and Ca(2+) sensitivity were significantly lower in systemic hearts perfused with supplemental taurine (100 mmol L(-1)) than in controls. In muscle ring preparations, taurine impaired relaxation at high contraction frequencies, an effect abolished by supra-physiological Ca(2+) levels. Taurine did not affect oxygen consumption in non-contracting systemic heart muscle, but extracellular glucose utilization was twice that of control preparations. Collectively, our results suggest that extracellular taurine depresses cardiac Ca(2+) flux and potentiates glucose utilization in cuttlefish. Variations in taurine levels may represent an important mechanism for regulating cardiovascular function and metabolism in cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L1G8, Canada.
| | - N I Callaghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L1G8, Canada
| | - A V Sykes
- C.C.Mar, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - W R Driedzic
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Bessemer RA, Butler KMA, Tunnah L, Callaghan NI, Rundle A, Currie S, Dieni CA, MacCormack TJ. Cardiorespiratory toxicity of environmentally relevant zinc oxide nanoparticles in the freshwater fishCatostomus commersonii. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:861-70. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.982737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Dieni CA, Callaghan NI, Gormley PT, Butler KMA, Maccormack TJ. Physiological hepatic response to zinc oxide nanoparticle exposure in the white sucker, Catostomus commersonii. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:51-61. [PMID: 24704545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver toxicity of commercially relevant zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) was assessed in a benthic freshwater cypriniform, the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii). Exposure to nZnO caused several changes in levels of liver enzyme activity, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation end products consistent with an oxidative stress response. Aconitase activity decreased by ~65% but tended to be restored to original levels upon supplementation with Fe(2+), indicating oxidative inactivation of the 4Fe-4S cluster. Furthermore, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by ~29%, and glutathione levels increased by ~56%. Taken together, these suggest that nZnO induces hepatic physiological stress. Each assay was then validated by using a single liver homogenate or plasma sample that was partitioned and treated with nZnO or Zn(2+), the breakdown product of nZnO. It was found that Zn(2+), but not nZnO, increased detected glutathione reductase activity by ~14% and decreased detected malondialdehyde by ~39%. This indicates that if appreciable nZnO dissolution occurs in liver samples during processing and assay, it may skew results, with implications not only for this study, but also for a wide range of nanotoxicology studies focusing on nZnO. Finally, in vitro incubations of cell-free rat blood plasma with nZnO failed to generate any significant increase in malondialdehyde or protein carbonyl levels, or any significant decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma. This suggests that at the level tested, any oxidative stress caused by nZnO is the result of a coordinated physiological response by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Anthony Dieni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Barclay Chemistry Building, 63C York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada.
| | - Neal Ingraham Callaghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Barclay Chemistry Building, 63C York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Patrick Thomas Gormley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Barclay Chemistry Building, 63C York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Kathryn Marie Alison Butler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Barclay Chemistry Building, 63C York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Tyson James Maccormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Barclay Chemistry Building, 63C York Street, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
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