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Shaul N, Dodder NG, Aluwihare LI, Mackintosh S, Maruya K, Chivers SJ, Danil K, Weller DW, Hoh E. Nontargeted biomonitoring of halogenated organic compounds in two ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Southern California Bight. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:1328-38. [PMID: 25526519 PMCID: PMC4319685 DOI: 10.1021/es505156q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted environmental monitoring reveals contamination by known chemicals, but may exclude potentially pervasive but unknown compounds. Marine mammals are sentinels of persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants due to their longevity and high trophic position. Using nontargeted analysis, we constructed a mass spectral library of 327 persistent and bioaccumulative compounds identified in blubber from two ecotypes of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) sampled in the Southern California Bight. This library of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) consisted of 180 anthropogenic contaminants, 41 natural products, 4 with mixed sources, 8 with unknown sources, and 94 with partial structural characterization and unknown sources. The abundance of compounds whose structures could not be fully elucidated highlights the prevalence of undiscovered HOCs accumulating in marine food webs. Eighty-six percent of the identified compounds are not currently monitored, including 133 known anthropogenic chemicals. Compounds related to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were the most abundant. Natural products were, in some cases, detected at abundances similar to anthropogenic compounds. The profile of naturally occurring HOCs differed between ecotypes, suggesting more abundant offshore sources of these compounds. This nontargeted analytical framework provided a comprehensive list of HOCs that may be characteristic of the region, and its application within monitoring surveys may suggest new chemicals for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie
J. Shaul
- Center
for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Center
for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Susan
A. Mackintosh
- Center
for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate
School of Public Health, San Diego State
University, 5500 Campanile
Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- San
Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Drive, San
Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Keith
A. Maruya
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Susan J. Chivers
- Marine Mammal
& Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kerri Danil
- Marine Mammal
& Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - David W. Weller
- Marine Mammal
& Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Center
for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate
School of Public Health, San Diego State
University, 5500 Campanile
Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
- Phone: +16195944671; fax: +16195946112; e-mail:
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