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Merdrignac L, Aït El Belghiti F, Pandolfi E, Acosta L, Fabiánová K, Habington A, García Cenoz M, Bøås H, Toubiana J, Tozzi AE, Jordan I, Zavadilová J, O'Sullivan N, Navascués A, Flem E, Croci I, Jané M, Křížová P, Cotter S, Fernandino L, Bekkevold T, Muñoz-Almagro C, Bacci S, Kramarz P, Kissling E, Savulescu C. Effectiveness of one and two doses of acellular pertussis vaccines against laboratory-confirmed pertussis requiring hospitalisation in infants: Results of the PERTINENT sentinel surveillance system in six EU/EEA countries, December 2015 - December 2019. Vaccine 2024; 42:2370-2379. [PMID: 38472070 PMCID: PMC11007387 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring effectiveness of pertussis vaccines is necessary to adapt vaccination strategies. PERTINENT, Pertussis in Infants European Network, is an active sentinel surveillance system implemented in 35 hospitals across six EU/EEA countries. We aim to measure pertussis vaccines effectiveness (VE) by dose against hospitalisation in infants aged <1 year. METHODS From December 2015 to December 2019, participating hospitals recruited all infants with pertussis-like symptoms. Cases were vaccine-eligible infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture; controls were those testing negative to all Bordetella spp. For each vaccine dose, we defined an infant as vaccinated if she/he received the corresponding dose >14 days before symptoms. Unvaccinated were those who did not receive any dose. We calculated (one-stage model) pooled VE as 100*(1-odds ratio of vaccination) adjusted for country, onset date (in 3-month categories) and age-group (when sample allowed it). RESULTS Of 1,393 infants eligible for vaccination, we included 259 cases and 746 controls. Median age was 16 weeks for cases and 19 weeks for controls (p < 0.001). Median birth weight and gestational age were 3,235 g and week 39 for cases, 3,113 g and week 39 for controls. Among cases, 119 (46 %) were vaccinated: 74 with one dose, 37 two doses, 8 three doses. Among controls, 469 (63 %) were vaccinated: 233 with one dose, 206 two doses, 30 three doses. Adjusted VE after at least one dose was 59 % (95 %CI: 36-73). Adjusted VE was 48 % (95 %CI: 5-71) for dose one (416 eligible infants) and 76 % (95 %CI: 43-90) for dose two (258 eligible infants). Only 42 infants were eligible for the third dose. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest moderate one-dose and two-dose VE in infants. Larger sample size would allow more precise estimates for dose one, two and three.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Preventive and Predictive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lesly Acosta
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya- BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Håkon Bøås
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des bactéries et pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alberto E Tozzi
- Preventive and Predictive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elmira Flem
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ilena Croci
- Preventive and Predictive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mireia Jané
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia (ASPCAT), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pavla Křížová
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Leticia Fernandino
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Terese Bekkevold
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Medicine Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Kramarz
- European Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
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O'Sullivan N. General Practice - Is it really "The Easy Option". Ir Med J 2023; 116:2. [PMID: 36917085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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FitzGerald J, Lester K, O'Sullivan N, Crispie F, Lawton E, Cotter P, McNally P, Cox D. 524 Striking a BAL-NS: Combining metagenomics with culture methods shows nasal swabs to be a good proxy for bronchoalveolar lavage in microbial and pathogen surveillance. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Buckley E, Jonsson A, Flood Z, Lavelle M, Nurdin N, Dowling P, Duggan E, O'Sullivan N, McGreevy C, Duggan J, Kyne L, McCabe J. 57 POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs are associated with falls, hospitalisation, and cognitive decline. Few studies have investigated the association between PIMs related to cognitive impairment (PIMCog) and mortality in dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia (DSM-IV criteria) presenting to a tertiary-referral memory clinic from 2013–2019 were eligible. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were vascular death and non-vascular death defined according to formal certification. The primary exposure variable of interest was PIMCog, defined as any medication in the Beers 2015 or STOPP criteria, classified as potentially inappropriate for patients with cognitive impairment. Anticholinergic burden was measured using the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale. Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
There were 418 patients included (n = 261 dementia, n = 157 MCI). The median age was 79 (interquartile range {IQR} 74–82) and median follow-up was 809 days (IQR 552–1,571). One or more PIMCog was prescribed in 141 patients (33.4%). PIMCog use was associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex, dementia severity, Charlson Co-morbidity Index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive cardiac failure, and peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.24–3.09). PIMCog use was associated with vascular death (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.51–7.11) but not with non-vascular death (HR 1.40 95% CI: 0.78–2.52). Neither an ACB ≥3 (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.46–1.64) or polypharmacy (HR 1.87, 95% CI: 0.67–5.24) were associated with death.
Conclusion
The burden of PIMCog use in patients with cognitive impairment is high. PIMCog use is independently associated with all-cause mortality and vascular death. This is a potential modifiable risk factor for death in patients with neurocognitive disorders. Further research is required to independently validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buckley
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Jonsson
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z Flood
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Lavelle
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Nurdin
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Dowling
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Duggan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McGreevy
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Duggan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Kyne
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McCabe
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Catherine Mc Auley Centre , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Merdrignac L, Aït El Belghiti F, Pandolfi E, Jané M, Murphy J, Fabiánová K, García Cenoz M, Flem E, Guillot S, Tozzi AE, Carmona G, Habington A, Zavadilová J, Navasués A, Bøås H, Lévy-Brühl D, Ferretti B, Lanaspa M, O'Sullivan N, Křížová P, Fernandino L, Bekkevold T, Hanslik T, Muñoz-Almagro C, Bacci S, Spiteri G, Valenciano M, Moren A. Incidence and severity of pertussis hospitalisations in infants aged less than 1 year in 37 hospitals of six EU/EEA countries, results of PERTINENT sentinel pilot surveillance system, December 2015 to December 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 33509338 PMCID: PMC7848786 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.4.1900762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction PERTINENT is a pilot active surveillance system of infants hospitalised with pertussis in six European Union/European Economic Area countries (37 hospitals, seven sites). Aim This observational study aimed to estimate annual pertussis incidence per site from 2016 to 2018 and respective trends between 2017 and 2018. Pertussis cases were described, including their severity. Methods We developed a generic protocol and laboratory guidelines to harmonise practices across sites. Cases were hospitalised infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Sites collected demographic, clinical, laboratory data, vaccination status, and risk/protective factors. We estimated sites’ annual incidences by dividing case numbers by the catchment populations. Results From December 2015 to December 2018, we identified 469 cases (247 males; 53%). The median age, birthweight and gestational age were 2.5 months (range: 0–11.6; interquartile range (IQR): 2.5), 3,280 g (range: 700–4,925; IQR: 720) and 39 weeks (range: 25–42; IQR: 2), respectively. Thirty cases (6%) had atypical presentation either with cough or cyanosis only or with absence of pertussis-like symptoms. Of 330 cases with information, 83 (25%) were admitted to intensive care units including five deceased infants too young to be vaccinated. Incidence rate ratios between 2018 and 2017 were 1.43 in Czech Republic (p = 0.468), 0.25 in Catalonia (p = 0.002), 0.71 in France (p = 0.034), 0.14 in Ireland (p = 0.002), 0.63 in Italy (p = 0.053), 0.21 in Navarra (p = 0.148) and zero in Norway. Conclusions Incidence appeared to decrease between 2017 and 2018 in all but one site. Enhanced surveillance of hospitalised pertussis in Europe is essential to monitor pertussis epidemiology and disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mireia Jané
- Epidemiological surveillance and response, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane Murphy
- Research, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Manuel García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elmira Flem
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des bactéries et pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alberto E Tozzi
- Chief Innovation Unit and Clinical Trials, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Carmona
- Epidemiological surveillance and response, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adele Habington
- Microbiology, Our Lady's Children's hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ana Navasués
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Håkon Bøås
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Lévy-Brühl
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé Publique France, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Ferretti
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Lanaspa
- Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Niam O'Sullivan
- Microbiology, Our Lady's Children's hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pavla Křížová
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leticia Fernandino
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Terese Bekkevold
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modeling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Alain Moren
- Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France
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- The members of the network are listed at the end of the article
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Morrissey SM, Nielsen M, Ryan L, Al Dhanhani H, Meehan M, McDermott S, O'Sullivan N, Doyle M, Gavin P, O'Sullivan N, Cunney R, Drew RJ. Group B streptococcal PCR testing in comparison to culture for diagnosis of late onset bacteraemia and meningitis in infants aged 7-90 days: a multi-centre diagnostic accuracy study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1317-1324. [PMID: 28247153 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare an in-house real-time PCR assay, with bacterial culture as the reference, for the diagnosis of late onset group B Streptococcal (GBS) disease. This was a retrospective review. All children aged 7-90 days presenting to four paediatric centres that had a blood or CSF sample tested by GBS PCR were included. Of 7,686 blood and 2,495 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients of all ages received for PCR testing, 893 and 859 samples were eligible for the study, respectively. When compared to culture, the sensitivity of blood PCR was 65% (13/20) in comparison to the CSF PCR test which was 100% (5/5). Ten of 23 PCR-positive blood samples and 17 of 22 PCR-positive CSF samples were culture negative. The median threshold Ct values for culture-positive/PCR-positive CSF samples was lower than that of culture-negative/PCR-positive CSF samples (p = 0.08). Clinical details of 17 available cases that were culture negative/PCR positive were reviewed; seven were deemed to be definite cases, eight were probable and two were possible. The results showed that detection of GBS by PCR is useful for CSF samples from infants aged 7-90 days with suspected meningitis; however, analysis of blood samples by PCR is of limited value as a routine screening test for late onset GBS sepsis and should not replace bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Morrissey
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - M Nielsen
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - L Ryan
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Waterford, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - H Al Dhanhani
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - M Meehan
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - S McDermott
- Department of Microbiology, Our Lady's Hospital, Co. Louth, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - M Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Waterford, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - P Gavin
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - R Cunney
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - R J Drew
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland. .,Department of Microbiology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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7
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dePersio S, Utterback PL, Utterback CW, Rochell SJ, O'Sullivan N, Bregendahl K, Arango J, Parsons CM, Koelkebeck KW. Effects of feeding diets varying in energy and nutrient density to Hy-Line W-36 laying hens on production performance and economics. Poult Sci 2015; 94:195-206. [PMID: 25595478 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feeding 5 different energy and nutrient dense diets to Hy-Line W-36 hens on long-term performance and economics. A total of 480 19 wk old Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were weighed and randomly allocated to 6 replicate groups of 16 hens each (2 adjacent cages containing 8 hens per cage, 60.9×58.4 cm) per dietary treatment in a randomized complete block design. The hens were fed 5 treatment diets formulated to contain 85, 90, 95, 100, and 105% of the energy and nutrient recommendations stated in the 2009 Hy-Line Variety W-36 Commercial Management Guide. Production performance was measured for 52 wk from 19 to 70 wk age. Over the course of the trial, a significant increasing linear response to increasing energy and nutrient density was seen for hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, and body weight (BW). Feed intake showed no significant linear level response to increasing energy and nutrient density except during the early production cycle. No consistent responses were noted for egg quality, percent yolk, and percent egg solids throughout the study. Significant linear responses due to energy and nutrient density were seen for egg income, feed cost, and income minus feed cost. In general, as energy and nutrient density increased, egg income and feed cost per hen increased, but income minus feed cost decreased. Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hy-Line W-36 hens increasing energy and nutrient-dense diets will increase egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, BW, egg income, and feed cost, but decrease egg income minus feed cost. However, these benefits do not take effect in early production and seem to be most effective in later stages of the production cycle, perhaps "priming" the birds for better egg-production persistency with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S dePersio
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - P L Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - C W Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - S J Rochell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | | | - J Arango
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA 50063
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - K W Koelkebeck
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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8
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Rao U, Piccin A, Malone A, O'Hanlon K, Breatnach F, O'Meara A, McDermott M, Butler K, O'Sullivan N, Russell J, O'Marcaigh A, Smith OP. Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in children with haematological malignancies. Ir J Med Sci 2012; 182:177-83. [PMID: 22983868 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-012-0852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibre-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a safe procedure and is associated with low morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. Although many studies have highlighted the advantages of positive BAL results in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections, there have been few reports examining the impact of a negative BAL result on clinical management in immunocompromised children on empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate BAL in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in children with haematological malignancies who develop pneumonia unresponsive to empiric antimicrobial therapy, and also to determine whether a negative BAL result contributed to the clinical management of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 44 BAL procedures performed in 33 children with haematological malignancy diagnosed and treated at Our Lady's Children Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland, over a 10-year period was carried out. RESULTS We identified a pathogen causing pneumonia in 24 of 44 BAL procedures (54.5 %). The BAL procedure resulted in modification of antimicrobial treatment after 20 of 24 procedures with positive results (83.3 %) in 16 of 20 patients (80 %). Management was changed after 8 of 20 procedures with negative results (40 %) in 8 of 18 patients (44.4 %). The procedure was well tolerated in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the use of bronchoscopy with BAL as a diagnostic intervention in this patient population. We consider BAL a safe procedure from which both positive and negative results contribute to the patient's clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rao
- Department of Haematology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
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McAllister K, Sheridan-Pereira M, O'Sullivan N, O'Kelly R, Mark D, Czilwik G, Martin C, Sheils O, O'Leary J. Clinical utility of using C-reactive protein and procalcitonin as biomarkers for a novel neonatal sepsis diagnostic platform (ASCMicroPlat). Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504907 DOI: 10.1186/cc11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Cox DW, Kelly C, Rush R, O'Sullivan N, Canny G, Linnane B. The impact of MRSA infection in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis; a case-control study. Ir Med J 2011; 104:305-308. [PMID: 22256443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) has risen dramatically over the past 10 years. The clinical significance of MRSA in CF patients remains undetermined. We conducted a review of patients with CF infected with MRSA over a 10 year period at Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin between 1999 and 2009. We collected data from 24 patients infected with MRSA and 24 control patients without MRSA There was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of decline in percentage FEV1 two years after MRSA infection (Difference: -17.4, 95% CI: -30.48, -4.31, p = 0.01). A similar trend was seen for FVC% and FEF25-75% predicted. This study suggests that persistent MRSA infection in the airways of children with CF is associated with diminished lung function two years post acquisition, when compared to a matched control cohort without MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cox
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12.
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11
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Meenan AM, Maclellan A, O'Sullivan N, Hanniffy R. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from screening swabs: comparison of blood agar and SAID, pre and post-enrichment. Br J Biomed Sci 2010; 66:200-3. [PMID: 20095129 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2009.11730274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Meenan
- Microbiology Department, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Heifetz EM, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan N, Zhao H, Dekkers JCM, Soller M. Extent and consistency across generations of linkage disequilibrium in commercial layer chicken breeding populations. Genetics 2005; 171:1173-81. [PMID: 16118198 PMCID: PMC1456820 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report a surprisingly high degree of marker-to-marker linkage disequilibrium (LD) in ruminant livestock populations. This has important implications for QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection. This study evaluated LD between microsatellite markers in a number of breeding populations of layer chickens using the standardized chi-square (chi(2')) measure. The results show appreciable LD among markers separated by up to 5 cM, decreasing rapidly with increased separation between markers. The LD within 5 cM was strongly conserved across generations and differed among chromosomal regions. Using marker-to-marker LD as an indication for marker-QTL LD, a genome scan of markers spaced 2 cM apart at moderate power would have good chances of uncovering most QTL segregating in these populations. However, of markers showing significant trait associations, only 57% are expected to be within 5 cM of the responsible QTL, and the remainder will be up to 20 cM away. Thus, high-resolution LD mapping of QTL will require dense marker genotyping across the region of interest to allow for interval mapping of the QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Heifetz
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Fallon R, O'Sullivan N, Maher M, Carroll C. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from broiler chickens isolated at an Irish poultry processing plant. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:277-81. [PMID: 12680938 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from broiler chickens were determined in order to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter species in the Irish poultry industry. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-eight Camp. jejuni and 22 Camp. coli strains were examined for susceptibility to eight antibiotics using the disc diffusion assay. The highest level of resistance of the Camp. jejuni isolates was recorded to ampicillin (35.9%), followed by 20.5% to tetracycline, 20.5% to naladixic acid, 17.9% to ciprofloxacin, 10.2% to erythromycin, 2.5% to streptomycin and 1.2% to kanamycin. Multidrug resistance to two or more antibiotics was seen for 30.7% of Camp. jejuni strains. Resistance of the Camp. coli isolates was shown to ampicillin (9%) and tetracycline (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of Camp. jejuni strains were susceptible to antibiotics commonly used for human therapy. Camp. coli strains showed very low resistance levels and were susceptible to six of the eight antimicrobial agents studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Levels of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli antimicrobial resistance in Irish poultry production was assessed to determine the current situation in Ireland. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains isolated from broiler chickens was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fallon
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Korb W, Engel D, Boesecke R, Eggers G, Marmulla R, O'Sullivan N, Raczkowsky J, Hassfeld S. Risk analysis for a reliable and safe surgical robot system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coleman NR, O'Sullivan N, Ryan KM, Crowley TA, Morris MA, Spalding TR, Steytler DC, Holmes JD. Synthesis and characterization of dimensionally ordered semiconductor nanowires within mesoporous silica. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7010-6. [PMID: 11459479 DOI: 10.1021/ja015833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires of silicon have been synthesized within the pores of mesoporous silica using a novel supercritical fluid solution-phase approach. Mesoporous silica, formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of a triblock copolymer surfactant, was employed for the nucleation and growth of quantum-confined nanowires. The filling of the silica mesopores with crystalline silicon and the anchoring of these nanowires to the sides of the pores were confirmed by several techniques including electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. Effectively, the silica matrix provides a means of producing a high density of stable, well-ordered arrays of semiconductor nanowires in a low dielectric medium. The ordered arrays of silicon nanowires also exhibited discrete electronic and photoluminescence transitions that could be exploited in a number of applications, including nanodevices and interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coleman
- Department of Chemistry and Supercritical Fluid Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Beall HD, Winski S, Swann E, Hudnott AR, Cotterill AS, O'Sullivan N, Green SJ, Bien R, Siegel D, Ross D, Moody CJ. Indolequinone antitumor agents: correlation between quinone structure, rate of metabolism by recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4755-66. [PMID: 9822546 DOI: 10.1021/jm980328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolequinones bearing various functional groups has been synthesized, and the effects of substituents on the metabolism of the quinones by recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were studied. Thus 5-methoxyindolequinones were prepared by the Nenitzescu reaction, followed by functional group interconversions. The methoxy group was subsequently displaced by amine nucleophiles to give a series of amine-substituted quinones. Metabolism of the quinones by NQO1 revealed that, in general, compounds with electron-withdrawing groups at the indole 3-position were among the best substrates, whereas those with amine groups at the 5-position were poor substrates. Compounds with a leaving group at the 3-indolyl methyl position generally inactivated the enzyme. The toxicity toward non-small-cell lung cancer cells with either high NQO1 activity (H460) or no detectable activity (H596) was also studied in representative quinones. Compounds which were good substrates for NQO1 showed the highest selectivity between the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Beall
- School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box C-238, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Rowland FS, Blake DR, Larsen BR, Lindskog A, Peterson PJ, Williams WP, Wallington TJ, Pilling MJ, Carslaw N, Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Jacobs P, Lee J, Lewis AC, McQuaid JB, Stockwell WR, Frank H, Sacco P, Cocheo V, Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Barlow L, Pukkala E, Nordlinder R, Boffetta P, Grandjean P, Heikkil P, Hürte LG, Jakobsson R, Lundberg I, Moen B, Partanen T, Riise T, Borowiak A, De Saeger E, Schnitzler KG, Gravenhorst G, Jacobi HW, Moelders S, Lammel G, Busch G, Beese FO, Dentener FJ, Feichter J, Fraedrich K, Roelofs GJ, Friedrich R, Reis S, Voehringer F, Simpson D, Moussiopoulos N, Sahm P, Tourlou PM, Salmons R, Papameletiou D, Maqueda JM, Suhr PB, Bell W, Paton-Walsh C, Woods PT, Partridge RH, Slemr J, Slemr F, Schmidbauer N, Ravishankara AR, Jenkin ME, de Leeuw G, van Eijk AM, Flossmann AI, Wobrock W, Mestayer PG, Tranchant B, Ljungström E, Karlsson R, Larsen SE, Roemer M, Builtjes PJ, Koffi B, Koffi EN, De Saeger E, Ro-Poulsen H, Mikkelsen TN, Hummelshøj P, Hovmand MF, Simoneit BR, van der Meulen A, Meyer MB, Berndt T, Böge O, Stratmann F, Cass GR, Harrison RM, Shi JP, Hoffmann T, Warscheid B, Bandur R, Marggraf U, Nigge W, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Chien CJ, Leach K, Ammann M, Kalberer M, Arens F, Lavanchy V, Gâggeler HW, Baltensperger U, Davies JA, Cox RA, Alonso SG, Pastor RP, Argüello GA, Willner H, Berndt T, Böge O, Bogillo VI, Pokrovskiy VA, Kuraev OV, Gozhyk PF, Bolzacchini E, Bruschi M, Fantucci P, Meinardi S, Orlandi M, Rindone B, Bolzacchini E, Bohn B, Rindone B, Bruschi M, Zetzsch C, Brussol C, Duane M, Larsen B, Carlier P, Kotzias D, Caracena AB, Aznar AM, Ferradás EG, Christensen CS, Skov H, Hummelshøj P, Jensen NO, Lohse C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Chatzis C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Boaretto C, Quaglio F, Zaratin L, Pagani D, Cocheo L, Cocheo V, Asnar AM, Baldan A, Ballesta PP, Boaretto C, Caracena AB, Ferradas EG, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Goelen E, Hansen AB, Sacco P, De Saeger E, Skov H, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Santagostino A, Galvani P, Bolzacchini E, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Todeschini R, Dippel G, Reinhardt H, Zellner R, Dämmer K, Bednarek G, Breil M, Zellner R, Febo A, Allegrini I, Giliberti C, Perrino C, Fogg PG, Geiger H, Barnes I, Becker KH, Maurer T, Geyskens F, Bormans R, Lambrechts M, Goelen E, Giese M, Frank H, Glasius M, Hornung P, Jacobsen JK, Klausen HS, Klitgaard KC, Møller CK, Petersen AP, Petersen LS, Wessel S, Hansen TS, Lohse C, Boaretto E, Heinemeier J, Glasius M, Di Bella D, Lahaniati M, Calogirou A, Jensen NR, Hjorth J, Kotzias D, Larsen BR, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Cicolella A, Bates M, Bastin E, Gurbanov MA, Akhmedly KM, Balayev VS, Haselmann KF, Ketola R, Laturnus F, Lauritsen FR, Grøn C, Herrmann H, Ervens B, Reese A, Umschlag T, Wicktor F, Zellner R, Herrmann H, Umschlag T, Müller K, Bolzacchini E, Meinardi S, Rindone B, Jenkin ME, Hayman GD, Jensen NO, Courtney M, Hummelshøj P, Christensen CS, Larsen BR, Johnson MS, Hegelund F, Nelander B, Kirchner F, Klotz B, Barnes I, Sørensen S, Becker KH, Etzkorn T, Platt U, Wirtz K, Martín-Reviejo M, Laturnus F, Martinez E, Cabañas B, Aranda A, Martín P, Salgado S, Rodriguez D, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, Hillamo R, Mellouki A, Le Calvé S, Le Bras G, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Mingarrol MT, Cosin S, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Sanz MJ, Bravo I, Gonzalez D, Pérez MA, Mustafaev I, Mammadova S, Noda J, Hallquist M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Nohara K, Kutsuna S, Ibusuki T, Oehme M, Kölliker S, Brombacher S, Merz L, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Cabezas AQ, Peeters J, Vereecken L, El Yazal J, Pfeffer HU, Breuer L, Platz J, Nielsen OJ, Sehested J, Wallington TJ, Ball JC, Hurley MD, Straccia AM, Schneider WF, Pérez-Casany MP, Nebot-Gil I, Sánchez-Marín J, Putz E, Folberth G, Pfister G, Weissflog L, Elansky NP, Sørensen S, Barnes I, Becker KH, Shao M, Heiden AC, Kley D, Rockel P, Wildt J, Silva GV, Vasconcelos MT, Fernandes EO, Santos AM, Skov H, Hansen A, Løfstrøm P, Lorenzen G, Stabel JR, Wolkoff P, Pedersen T, Strom AB, Skov H, Hertel O, Jensen FP, Hjorth J, Galle B, Wallin S, Theloke J, Libuda HG, Zabel F, Touaty M, Bonsang B, Ullerstam M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Wenger J, Bonard A, Manning M, Nolan S, O'Sullivan N, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Chadwick P, O'Leary B, Treacy J, Wolkoff P, Clausen PA, Wilkins CK, Hougaard KS, Nielsen GD, Zilinskis V, Jansons G, Peksens A, Lazdins A, Arinci YV, Erdöl N, Ekinci E, Okutan H, Manlafalioglu I, Bakeas EB, Siskos PA, Viras LG, Smirnioudi VN, Bottenheim JW, Biesenthal T, Gong W, Makar P, Delmas V, Menard T, Tatry V, Moussafir J, Thomas D, Coppalle A, Ellermann T, Hertel O, Skov H, Frohn L, Manscher OH, Friis J, Girgzdiene R, Girgzdys A, Gurevich NA, Gårdfeldt K, Langer S, Hermans C, Vandaele AC, Carleer M, Fally S, Colin R, Bernath PF, Jenouvrier A, Coquart B, Mérienne MF, Hertel O, Frohn L, Skov H, Ellermann T, Huntrieser H, Schlager H, Feigl C, Kemp K, Palmgren F, Kiilsholm S, Rasmussen A, Sørensen JH, Klemm O, Lange H, Larsen RW, Larsen NW, Nicolaisen F, Sørensen GO, Beukes JA, Larsen PB, Jensen SS, Fenger J, de Leeuw G, Kunz G, Cohen L, Schlünzen H, Muller F, Schulz M, Tamm S, Geernaert G, Hertel O, Pedersen B, Geernaert LL, Lund S, Vignati E, Jickells T, Spokes L, Matei C, Jinga OA, Jinga DC, Moliner R, Braekman-Danheux C, Fontana A, Suelves I, Thieman T, Vassilev S, Skov H, Hertel O, Zlatev Z, Brandt J, Bastrup-Birk A, Ellermann T, Frohn L, Vandaele AC, Hermans C, Carleer M, Tsouli A, Colin R, Windsperger AM, Turi K, Dworak O, Zellweger C, Weingartner E, Rüttimann R, Hofer P, Baltensperger U, Ziv A, Iakovleva E, Palmgren F, Berkovicz R, Skov H, Alastuey A, Querol X, Chaves A, Lopez-Soler A, Ruiz C, Andrees JM, Allegrini I, Febo A, Giusto M, Angeloni M, Di Filippo P, D'Innocenzio F, Lepore L, Marconi A, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Davydov DK, Kovaleskii VK, Plotinov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Sklyadneva TK, Behnke W, Elend M, Krüger U, Zetzsch C, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Davydov DK, Kovalevskii VK, Plotnikov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Rasskazchikova TM, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Simonenkov DV, Tolmachev GN, Bilde M, Aker PM, Börensen C, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R, Ellermann T, Geernaert LL, Pryor SC, Barthelmie RJ, Feilberg A, Nielsen T, Kamens RM, Freitas MC, Marques AP, Reis MA, Alves LC, Ilyinskikh NN, Ilyinskikh IN, Ilyinskikh EN, Johansen K, Stavnsbjerg P, Gabrielsson P, Bak F, Andersen E, Autrup H, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Leach K, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Börensen C, Vogt R, Igor K, Svjatoslav G, Anatoliy B, Komov IL, Istchenko AA, Lourenço MG, Mactavish D, Sirois A, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, van der Meulen A, Milukaite A, Morkunas V, Jurgutis P, Mikelinskiene A, Nielsen T, Feilberg A, Binderup ML, Pineda M, Palacios JM, Garcia E, Cilleruelo C, Moliner R, Popovitcheva OB, Trukhin ME, Persiantseva NM, Buriko Y, Starik AM, Demirdjian B, Suzanne J, Probst TU, Rietz B, Alfassi ZB, Pokrovskiy VA, Zenobi R, Bogatyr'ov VM, Gun'ko VM, Querol X, Alastuey A, Lopez-Soler A, Mantilla E, Plana F, Artiño B, Rauterberg-Wulff A, Israël GW, Rocha TA, Duarte AC, Röhrl A, Lammel G, Spindler G, Müller K, Herrmann H, Strommen MR, Vignati E, de Leeuw G, Berkowicz R. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1998; 5:119-96. [PMID: 19002640 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
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Cotterill AS, Moody CJ, Mortimer RJ, Norton CL, O'Sullivan N, Stephens MA, Stradiotto NR, Swann E, Stratford IJ. Cyclopropamitosenes, novel bioreductive anticancer agents. Synthesis, electrochemistry, and biological activity of 7-substituted cyclopropamitosenes and related indolequinones. J Med Chem 1994; 37:3834-43. [PMID: 7966141 DOI: 10.1021/jm00048a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the indolequinones 8 and 9 starting from methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxy-indole-2-carboxylate (10) is described. The methoxy group in the indolequinones 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7-9 can be displaced by various nitrogen nucleophiles (ammonia, 2-methoxyethylamine, aziridine, 2-methylaziridine, pyrrolidine) in 22-88% yield. The resulting amino-substituted quinones, together with their methoxy precursors, were studied by cyclic voltammetry to determine their reduction potentials, which, in DMF solution, lie in the range -1.355 to -1.597 V (vs ferrocene). The cytotoxicity of the compounds towards aerobic and hypoxic mammalian cells was also determined; in general, under aerobic conditions, the cyclopropamitosenes are more toxic than the corresponding pyrrolo[1,2-a]indolequinones, which are in turn more toxic than the simple 1,2-dimethylindolequinones, with many of the compounds in each series showing greater toxicity toward hypoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Cotterill
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Leicestershire, U.K
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Moody CJ, O'Sullivan N, Stratford IJ, Stephens MA, Workman P, Bailey SM, Lewis A. Cyclopropamitosenes: novel bioreductive anticancer agents--mechanism of action and enzymic reduction. Anticancer Drugs 1994; 5:367-72. [PMID: 7919462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of cyclopropamitosenes, novel bioreductive anticancer agents, has been investigated using a unique combination of chemical and biochemical techniques. The compounds 4 function as reductively activated alkylating agents under chemical reducing conditions, and the biochemical experiments establish that the methoxy- and aziridinyl-derivatives 4a and 4b behave differently upon bioreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Moody
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, UK
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Wise R, O'Sullivan N, Johnson J, Andrews JM. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ampicillin and brobactam following oral administration of 2085P. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:1002-4. [PMID: 1324634 PMCID: PMC188825 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.5.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight healthy volunteers received a 1,000-mg single oral dose of 2085P which consisted of 800 mg of pivampicillin and 200 mg of brobactam. Concentrations of ampicillin and brobactam in plasma, inflammatory fluid, and urine were measured over the subsequent 24 h. Pivampicillin and brobactam were moderately rapidly absorbed. The mean (standard deviation) maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) of ampicillin was 8.2 (1.9) micrograms/ml, and that of brobactam was 2.1 (2.0) micrograms/ml at mean times of 1.9 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.8) h, respectively. The elimination half-lives in plasma were 1.8 (0.5) and 1.6 (2.0) h, respectively. Both agents penetrated the experimentally induced inflammatory fluid, reaching a mean maximum at 3 h. The Cmax of ampicillin was 6.8 (2.3) micrograms/ml, and that of brobactam was 1.0 (0.4) micrograms/ml. The penetration (derived by comparing the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity for inflammatory fluid with that for plasma) was 97.3% (26.0%) for ampicillin and 81% (22.3%) for brobactam. The 24-h urinary recovery was 54.2% (16.6%) of the administered dose for ampicillin and 40.2% (11.4%) for brobactam. These data suggest that this combination of beta-lactam and inhibitor should be efficacious in treating infections caused by ampicillin-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wise
- Department of Microbiology, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, England
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Wise R, Johnson J, O'Sullivan N, Andrews JM, Imbimbo BP. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of rufloxacin, a long acting quinolone antimicrobial agent. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 28:905-9. [PMID: 1667783 DOI: 10.1093/jac/28.6.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin after a single 400 mg oral dose were studied in eight volunteers, measuring plasma, inflammatory fluid and urine concentrations. Mean peak plasma concentrations of 4.4 mg/L were achieved at a mean time of 1.9 h after administration. The mean plasma elimination half-life was 28.2 h. Mean peak levels in inflammatory fluid reached 3.2 mg/L after 3.5 h, and 30.7% of the dose was eliminated in urine by 96 h. The apparent mean volume of distribution of rufloxacin, at steady state, was 109.5 L. The mean percentage penetration of rufloxacin into the inflammatory exudate, as measured by ratios of AUC0-50 h was 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wise
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, C coli, C fetus and C laridis were tested for agglutination reactions with a panel of five lectins: Arachis hypogaea, Bauhinia purpurea, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum vulgaris and Wisteria floribunda. Twenty three patterns of agglutination (lectin types) were recorded among 376 isolates. Patterns were consistent and reproducible. Only 4.5% of isolates were untypable because of autoagglutination. Some lectin types were found exclusively or predominantly in a species, but others were shared between species. Forty two per cent of C jejuni and 35% of C coli isolates belonged to lectin type 4. There was no apparent correlation between lectin type and serotype; different lectin types were found among strains of single Penner and Lior serotypes. Lectin typing is a simple and economical procedure suitable for use in non-specialist laboratories, either as an adjunct to serogrouping or, after further development, as a sole typing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Worcester Royal Infirmary
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Abstract
Breeding data from Eire and Great Britain confirm the hypothesis of Sponenberg (1985) that the harlequin colour of the Great Dane breed of dog is due the combined action of a dominant gene H with the merle gene M in the genotype H+M+. The typical bluish coloration induced by M is modified to white by the action of H. The H gene is a prenatal lethal when homozygous HH and this study offers clear indication that the heterozygous H+ interacts with M to reduce the viability of white merle homozygotes H+MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Sullivan
- Department of Agricultural Zoology and Genetics, University College, Dublin, Ireland
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O'Rourke A, Sheehan B, Gowen J, Wilson K, O'Sullivan N. Screening--a demonstration project. J Ir Med Assoc 1970; 63:231-7. [PMID: 5418158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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O'Rourke A, O'Sullivan N, Groke M. A study of children's smoking habits in Kerry. Ir Nurses J 1970; 3:17-9. [PMID: 5200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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