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Subramanian S, Parikh P, Kra JA, Maldjian PD, Walther S, Kim S, DeNunzio NJ, Abrams MJ, Braunstein SE, Gunther JR, Mattes MD. Evaluation of a Radiation Oncology Microclerkship as a Component of Medical Student Education. J Cancer Educ 2023; 38:1861-1864. [PMID: 37468769 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Compared to most oncologic subspecialties, radiation oncology (RO) lacks a natural pathway for incorporation into the clinical clerkships, and few students ever complete a formal rotation in RO. The feasibility, and perceived value, of a 1-day "microclerkship" exposure in RO during other related clerkships was evaluated in this study. At a single institution, the RO clerkship director partnered with clerkship directors in medical oncology, palliative care, and radiology so that every 3rd or 4th year student would spend 1 day in RO during those clerkships. Afterwards, students completed an electronic survey containing multiple choice and 5-point Likert-type questions describing their experience. Descriptive statistics are reported. Ninety-seven students completed the RO microclerkship over 2 years, and 81 completed the survey (response rate 84%). Only 8 students (10%) had ever been in a RO department previously. During the microclerkship, 73 students (90%) saw at least one new patient consultation; 77 (95%) were involved in contouring or treatment planning; 76 (94%) saw treatment delivery; and 38 (47%) saw a brachytherapy procedure. Seventy-nine students (98%) felt that the microclerkship was at least moderately valuable (mean Likert-type rating 4.01, SD 0.73). Forty students (49%) were either somewhat or much more interested in participating in a longer (2-4 week) rotation in radiation oncology (mean Likert-type rating 3.59, SD 0.83). This study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating a 1-day RO microclerkship into other related elective clerkships. Students viewed the experience favorably and found it valuable in their education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua A Kra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey at University Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pierre D Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susanne Walther
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeNunzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Matthew J Abrams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve E Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jillian R Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm D Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Puthenpura V, DeNunzio NJ, Zeng X, Giantsoudi D, Aboian M, Ebb D, Kahle KT, Yock TI, Marks AM. Radiation Necrosis with Proton Therapy in a Patient with Aarskog-Scott Syndrome and Medulloblastoma. Int J Part Ther 2021; 8:58-65. [PMID: 35127977 PMCID: PMC8768897 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-21-00013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medulloblastoma is known to be associated with multiple cancer-predisposition syndromes. In this article, we explore a possible association among a patient's Aarskog-Scott syndrome, development of medulloblastoma, and subsequent brainstem radiation necrosis. Case Presentation A 5-year-old male with Aarskog-Scott syndrome initially presented to his pediatrician with morning emesis, gait instability, and truncal weakness. He was ultimately found to have a posterior fossa tumor with pathology consistent with group 3 medulloblastoma. After receiving a gross total resection and standard proton beam radiation therapy with concurrent vincristine, he was noted to develop brainstem radiation necrosis, for which he underwent therapy with high-dose dexamethasone, bevacizumab, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy with radiographic improvement and clinical stabilization. Conclusion Based on several possible pathologic correlates in the FDG1 pathway, there exists a potential association between this patient's Aarskog-Scott syndrome and medulloblastoma, which needs to be investigated further. In patients with underlying, rare genetic syndromes, further caution should be taken when evaluating chemotherapy and radiation dosimetry planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Puthenpura
- Section of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas J. DeNunzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Drosoula Giantsoudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariam Aboian
- Section of Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Ebb
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Torunn I. Yock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asher M. Marks
- Section of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Boyd GH, Rand AE, DeNunzio NJ, Agarwal A, Hirsch AE. The Radiation Oncology Mentorship Initiative: Analysis of a Formal Mentoring Initiative for Medical Students Interested in Radiation Oncology. J Cancer Educ 2020; 35:893-896. [PMID: 31087258 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of mentorship in medicine and its impact on academic and professional development has been widely studied. However, mentorship for medical students in the field of radiation oncology is limited. Our radiation oncology department developed a formal medical student mentorship program in 2004. This program included both clinical and research mentoring pathways. Our study aims to gain feedback and perspective from former medical student participants who subsequently entered into a radiation oncology residency program. An anonymous survey was sent to 22 former students in the mentorship program from 2005 to 2016 who entered a radiation oncology residency program. The survey included Likert scales (1-5), multiple choice, strength category rankings, and free responses. Data was compiled and analyzed with Qualtrics data software. The survey response rate was 100%. Seventeen (77.3%) participants reported that the mentorship program strongly affected their career choice and a majority reported that their research experience strongly (45.5%) or moderately affected (31.8%) their career choice. Fourteen (63.6%) respondents reported that the mentorship program was very effective and 8 (36.4%) reported it as being effective. Eighteen (81.8%) respondents reported that mentorship was extremely important to their career. Students participating in the research pathway also reported improvement in valuable skills such as presentations, abstract writing, manuscript writing, statistical analysis, and coordination with colleagues. A total of 66.7% of attending radiation oncologists who previously participated in this program now practice in an academic setting. Our institution successfully developed a formalized mentorship program for medical students interested in radiation oncology. Participants in this program reported high levels of satisfaction and emphasized the importance of mentorship in the development of valuable research competencies and on their overall career path. This program can serve as a model for future mentorship initiative in medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H Boyd
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander E Rand
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeNunzio
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ariel E Hirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Budnik J, DeNunzio NJ, Singh DP, Milano MT. Second Primary Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Head and Neck Cancer: A Population-Based Study of Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in 3597 Patients. Clin Lung Cancer 2020; 21:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Simone CB, Bogart JA, Cabrera AR, Daly ME, DeNunzio NJ, Detterbeck F, Faivre-Finn C, Gatschet N, Gore E, Jabbour SK, Kruser TJ, Schneider BJ, Slotman B, Turrisi A, Wu AJ, Zeng J, Rosenzweig KE. Radiation Therapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline. Pract Radiat Oncol 2020; 10:158-173. [PMID: 32222430 PMCID: PMC10915746 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several sentinel phase III randomized trials have recently been published challenging traditional radiation therapy (RT) practices for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This American Society for Radiation Oncology guideline reviews the evidence for thoracic RT and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for both limited-stage (LS) and extensive-stage (ES) SCLC. METHODS The American Society for Radiation Oncology convened a task force to address 4 key questions focused on indications, dose fractionation, techniques and timing of thoracic RT for LS-SCLC, the role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) compared with conventional RT in stage I or II node negative SCLC, PCI for LS-SCLC and ES-SCLC, and thoracic consolidation for ES-SCLC. Recommendations were based on a systematic literature review and created using a consensus-building methodology and system for grading evidence quality and recommendation strength. RESULTS The task force strongly recommends definitive thoracic RT administered once or twice daily early in the course of treatment for LS-SCLC. Adjuvant RT is conditionally recommended in surgically resected patients with positive margins or nodal metastases. Involved field RT delivered using conformal advanced treatment modalities to postchemotherapy volumes is also strongly recommended. For patients with stage I or II node negative disease, SBRT or conventional fractionation is strongly recommended, and chemotherapy should be delivered before or after SBRT. In LS-SCLC, PCI is strongly recommended for stage II or III patients who responded to chemoradiation, conditionally not recommended for stage I patients, and should be a shared decision for patients at higher risk of neurocognitive toxicities. In ES-SCLC, radiation oncologist consultation for consideration of PCI versus magnetic resonance surveillance is strongly recommended. Lastly, the use of thoracic RT is strongly recommended in select patients with ES-SCLC after chemotherapy treatment, including a conditional recommendation in those responding to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS RT plays a vital role in both LS-SCLC and ES-SCLC. These guidelines inform best clinical practices for local therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey A Bogart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Alvin R Cabrera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan E Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Nicholas J DeNunzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Detterbeck
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Division of Cancer Science, University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth Gore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tim J Kruser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Bryan J Schneider
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ben Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Turrisi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN
| | - Abraham J Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Hirsch AE, Agarwal A, Rand AE, DeNunzio NJ, Patel KR, Truong MT, Russo GA, Kachnic LA. Medical student mentorship in radiation oncology at a single academic institution: A 10-year analysis. Pract Radiat Oncol 2015; 5:e163-e168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Agarwal A, DeNunzio NJ, Ahuja D, Hirsch AE. Beyond the standard curriculum: a review of available opportunities for medical students to prepare for a career in radiation oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:39-44. [PMID: 24331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review currently available opportunities for medical students to supplement their standard medical education to prepare for a career in radiation oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS Google and PubMed were used to identify existing clinical, health policy, and research programs for medical students in radiation oncology. In addition, results publicly available by the National Resident Matching Program were used to explore opportunities that successful radiation oncology applicants pursued during their medical education, including obtaining additional graduate degrees. RESULTS Medical students can pursue a wide variety of opportunities before entering radiation oncology. Several national specialty societies, such as the American Society for Radiation Oncology and the Radiological Society of North America, offer summer internships for medical students interested in radiation oncology. In 2011, 30% of allopathic senior medical students in the United States who matched into radiation oncology had an additional graduate degree, including PhD, MPH, MBA, and MA degrees. Some medical schools are beginning to further integrate dedicated education in radiation oncology into the standard 4-year medical curriculum. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of available opportunities for medical students interested in radiation oncology. Early exposure to radiation oncology and additional educational training beyond the standard medical curriculum have the potential to create more successful radiation oncology applicants and practicing radiation oncologists while also promoting the growth of the field. We hope this review can serve as guide to radiation oncology applicants and mentors as well as encourage discussion regarding initiatives in radiation oncology opportunities for medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas J DeNunzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Divya Ahuja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel E Hirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Bryan T, González JM, Bacik JP, DeNunzio NJ, Unkefer CJ, Schrader TE, Ostermann A, Dunaway-Mariano D, Allen KN, Fisher SZ. Neutron diffraction studies towards deciphering the protonation state of catalytic residues in the bacterial KDN9P phosphatase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:1015-9. [PMID: 23989152 PMCID: PMC3758152 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113021386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 2-keto-3-deoxy-9-O-phosphonononic acid phosphatase (KDN9P phosphatase) functions in the pathway for the production of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid, a sialic acid that is important for the survival of commensal bacteria in the human intestine. The enzyme is a member of the haloalkanoate dehalogenase superfamily and represents a good model for the active-site protonation state of family members. Crystals of approximate dimensions 1.5 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm were obtained in space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 83.1, b = 108.9, c = 75.7 Å. A complete neutron data set was collected from a medium-sized H/D-exchanged crystal at BIODIFF at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Garching, Germany in 18 d. Initial refinement to 2.3 Å resolution using only neutron data showed significant density for catalytically important residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrel Bryan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Javier M. González
- BioScience Division B-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - John P. Bacik
- BioScience Division B-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Nicholas J. DeNunzio
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J. Unkefer
- BioScience Division B-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Tobias E. Schrader
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Ostermann
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Debra Dunaway-Mariano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Karen N. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S. Zoë Fisher
- BioScience Division B-11, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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DeNunzio NJ, Joseph L, Handal R, Agarwal A, Ahuja D, Hirsch AE. Devising the optimal preclinical oncology curriculum for undergraduate medical students in the United States. J Cancer Educ 2013; 28:228-36. [PMID: 23681770 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-012-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A third of women and a near majority of men in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetimes. To prepare future physicians for this reality, we have developed a preclinical oncology curriculum that introduces second-year medical students to essential concepts and practices in oncology to improve their abilities to appropriately care for these patients. We surveyed the oncology and education literature and compiled subjects important to students' education including basic science and clinical aspects of oncology and addressing patients' psychosocial needs. Along with the proposed curriculum content, scheduling, independent learning exercises, and case studies, we discuss practical considerations for curriculum implementation based on experience at our institution. Given the changing oncology healthcare landscape, all (new) physicians must competently address their cancer patients' needs, regardless of chosen specialty. A thorough and logically organized cancer curriculum for preclinical medical students should help achieve these aims. This new model curriculum, with accompanying strategies to evaluate its efforts, is essential to update how medical students are educated about cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J DeNunzio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, 830 Harrison Avenue, Moakley Building - LL, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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DeNunzio NJ, Hirsch AE. In Regard to Zaorsky et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 85:582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hirsch AE, Handal R, Daniels J, Levin-Epstein R, DeNunzio NJ, Dillon J, Shaffer K, Bishop PM. Quantitatively and Qualitatively Augmenting Medical Student Knowledge of Oncology and Radiation Oncology: An Update on the Impact of the Oncology Education Initiative. J Am Coll Radiol 2012; 9:115-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barthelmes K, Reynolds AM, Peisach E, Jonker HRA, DeNunzio NJ, Allen KN, Imperiali B, Schwalbe H. Engineering encodable lanthanide-binding tags into loop regions of proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:808-19. [PMID: 21182275 PMCID: PMC3043167 DOI: 10.1021/ja104983t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-binding tags (LBTs) are valuable tools for investigation of protein structure, function, and dynamics by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and luminescence studies. We have inserted LBTs into three different loop positions (denoted L, R, and S) of the model protein interleukin-1β (IL1β) and varied the length of the spacer between the LBT and the protein (denoted 1−3). Luminescence studies demonstrate that all nine constructs bind Tb3+ tightly in the low nanomolar range. No significant change in the fusion protein occurs from insertion of the LBT, as shown by two X-ray crystallographic structures of the IL1β-S1 and IL1β-L3 constructs and for the remaining constructs by comparing the 1H−15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR spectra with that of the wild-type IL1β. Additionally, binding of LBT-loop IL1β proteins to their native binding partner in vitro remains unaltered. X-ray crystallographic phasing was successful using only the signal from the bound lanthanide. Large residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) could be determined by NMR spectroscopy for all LBT-loop constructs and revealed that the LBT-2 series were rigidly incorporated into the interleukin-1β structure. The paramagnetic NMR spectra of loop-LBT mutant IL1β-R2 were assigned and the Δχ tensor components were calculated on the basis of RDCs and pseudocontact shifts. A structural model of the IL1β-R2 construct was calculated using the paramagnetic restraints. The current data provide support that encodable LBTs serve as versatile biophysical tags when inserted into loop regions of proteins of known structure or predicted via homology modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Barthelmes
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Salzameda NT, Eubanks LM, Zakhari JS, Tsuchikama K, DeNunzio NJ, Allen KN, Hixon MS, Janda KD. A cross-over inhibitor of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain B: a natural product implicating an exosite mechanism of action. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1713-5. [PMID: 21203627 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces the most lethal toxins known to man, as such they are high risk terrorist threats, and alarmingly there is no approved therapeutic. We report the first cross-over small molecule inhibitor of these neurotoxins and propose a mechanism by which it may impart its inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry, and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Neumeyer JL, Gu XH, van Vliet LA, DeNunzio NJ, Rusovici DE, Cohen DJ, Negus SS, Mello NK, Bidlack JM. Mixed kappa agonists and mu agonists/antagonists as potential pharmacotherapeutics for cocaine abuse: synthesis and opioid receptor binding affinity of N-substituted derivatives of morphinan. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2735-40. [PMID: 11591513 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of new N-substituted derivatives of morphinan was synthesized and their binding affinity for the three opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa) was determined. A paradoxical effect of N-propargyl (MCL-117) and N-(3-iodoprop-(2E)-enyl) (MCL-118) substituents on the binding affinities for the mu and kappa opioid receptors was observed. All of these novel derivatives showed a preference for the mu and kappa versus delta binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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