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Abeliovich H, Debnath J, Ding WX, Jackson WT, Kim DH, Klionsky DJ, Ktistakis N, Margeta M, Münz C, Petersen M, Sadoshima J, Vergne I. Where is the field of autophagy research heading? Autophagy 2023; 19:1049-1054. [PMID: 36628432 PMCID: PMC10012950 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2166301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editors' corner, the section editors were asked to indicate where they see the autophagy field heading and to suggest what they consider to be key unanswered questions in their specialty area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Abeliovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology, USCF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - William T. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Margeta
- Department of Pathology, USCF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Isabelle Vergne
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, University of Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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2
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Gudmundsson SR, Kallio KA, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Ktistakis N, Eskelinen EL. Morphology of Phagophore Precursors by Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193080. [PMID: 36231043 PMCID: PMC9562894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome biogenesis occurs in the transient subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that are called omegasomes, which, in fluorescence microscopy, appear as small puncta, which then grow in diameter and finally shrink and disappear once the autophagosome is complete. Autophagosomes are formed by phagophores, which are membrane cisterns that elongate and close to form the double membrane that limits autophagosomes. Earlier electron-microscopy studies showed that, during elongation, phagophores are lined by the endoplasmic reticulum on both sides. However, the morphology of the very early phagophore precursors has not been studied at the electron-microscopy level. We used live-cell imaging of cells expressing markers of phagophore biogenesis combined with correlative light-electron microscopy, as well as electron tomography of ATG2A/B-double-deficient cells, to reveal the high-resolution morphology of phagophore precursors in three dimensions. We showed that phagophores are closed or nearly closed into autophagosomes already at the stage when the omegasome diameter is still large. We further observed that phagophore precursors emerge next to the endoplasmic reticulum as bud-like highly curved membrane cisterns with a small opening to the cytosol. The phagophore precursors then open to form more flat cisterns that elongate and curve to form the classically described crescent-shaped phagophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurdur Runar Gudmundsson
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katri A. Kallio
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-505115631
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Drosatos K, Ktistakis N. Greek scientists desperate for a national research foundation. Nature 2022; 607:657. [PMID: 35882987 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-01997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hall BS, Dos Santos SJ, Hsieh LTH, Manifava M, Ruf MT, Pluschke G, Ktistakis N, Simmonds RE. Inhibition of the SEC61 translocon by mycolactone induces a protective autophagic response controlled by EIF2S1-dependent translation that does not require ULK1 activity. Autophagy 2021; 18:841-859. [PMID: 34424124 PMCID: PMC9037441 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1961067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium ulcerans exotoxin, mycolactone, is responsible for the immunosuppression and tissue necrosis that characterizes Buruli ulcer. Mycolactone inhibits SEC61-dependent co-translational translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and the resultant cytosolic translation triggers degradation of mislocalized proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Inhibition of SEC61 by mycolactone also activates multiple EIF2S1/eIF2α kinases in the integrated stress response (ISR). Here we show mycolactone increased canonical markers of selective macroautophagy/autophagy LC3B-II, ubiquitin and SQSTM1/p62 in diverse disease-relevant primary cells and cell lines. Increased formation of puncta positive for the early autophagy markers WIPI2, RB1CC1/FIP200 and ATG16L1 indicates increased initiation of autophagy. The mycolactone response was SEC61A1-dependent and involved a pathway that required RB1CC1 but not ULK. Deletion of Sqstm1 reduced cell survival in the presence of mycolactone, suggesting this response protects against the increased cytosolic protein burden caused by the toxin. However, reconstitution of baseline SQSTM1 expression in cells lacking all autophagy receptor proteins could not rescue viability. Translational regulation by EIF2S1 in the ISR plays a key role in the autophagic response to mycolactone. Mycolactone-dependent induction of SQSTM1 was reduced in eif2ak3−/-/perk−/- cells while the p-EIF2S1 antagonist ISRIB reversed the upregulation of SQSTM1 and reduced RB1CC1, WIPI2 and LC3B puncta formation. Increased SQSTM1 staining could be seen in Buruli ulcer patient skin biopsy samples, reinforcing genetic data that suggests autophagy is relevant to disease pathology. Since selective autophagy and the ISR are both implicated in neurodegeneration, cancer and inflammation, the pathway uncovered here may have a broad relevance to human disease. Abbreviations: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG: autophagy related; BAF: bafilomycin A1; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; BU: Buruli ulcer; CQ: chloroquine; EIF2AK3: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EIF2S1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HDMEC: human dermal microvascular endothelial cells; HFFF: human fetal foreskin fibroblasts; ISR: integrated stress response; ISRIB: integrated stress response inhibitor; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; Myco: mycolactone; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NFE2L2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; OPTN: optineurin; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RB1CC1: RB1-inducible coiled coil 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Hall
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Scott J Dos Santos
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Marie-Thérèse Ruf
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rachel E Simmonds
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Deretic V, Prossnitz E, Burge M, Campen MJ, Cannon J, Liu KJ, Liu M, Hall P, Sklar LA, Allers L, Mariscal L, Garcia SA, Weaver J, Baehrecke EH, Behrends C, Cecconi F, Codogno P, Chen GC, Elazar Z, Eskelinen EL, Fourie B, Gozuacik D, Hong W, Jo EK, Johansen T, Juhász G, Kimchi A, Ktistakis N, Kroemer G, Mizushima N, Münz C, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein D, Ryan K, Schroder K, Shen HM, Simonsen A, Tooze SA, Vaccaro M, Yoshimori T, Yu L, Zhang H, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center in its second year. Autophagy 2019; 15:1829-1833. [PMID: 31234750 PMCID: PMC6735631 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1634444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The NIH-funded center for autophagy research named Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, located at the University of New Mexico Health Science Center is now completing its second year as a working center with a mission to promote autophagy research locally, nationally, and internationally. The center has thus far supported a cadre of 6 junior faculty (mentored PIs; mPIs) at a near-R01 level of funding. Two mPIs have graduated by obtaining their independent R01 funding and 3 of the remaining 4 have won significant funding from NIH in the form of R21 and R56 awards. The first year and a half of setting up the center has been punctuated by completion of renovations and acquisition and upgrades for equipment supporting autophagy, inflammation and metabolism studies. The scientific cores usage, and the growth of new studies is promoted through pilot grants and several types of enablement initiatives. The intent to cultivate AIM as a scholarly hub for autophagy and related studies is manifested in its Vibrant Campus Initiative, and the Tuesday AIM Seminar series, as well as by hosting a major scientific event, the 2019 AIM symposium, with nearly one third of the faculty from the International Council of Affiliate Members being present and leading sessions, giving talks, and conducting workshop activities. These and other events are often videostreamed for a worldwide scientific audience, and information about events at AIM and elsewhere are disseminated on Twitter and can be followed on the AIM web site. AIM intends to invigorate research on overlapping areas between autophagy, inflammation and metabolism with a number of new initiatives to promote metabolomic research. With the turnover of mPIs as they obtain their independent funding, new junior faculty are recruited and appointed as mPIs. All these activities are in keeping with AIM's intention to enable the next generation of autophagy researchers and help anchor, disseminate, and convey the depth and excitement of the autophagy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric Prossnitz
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mark Burge
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Judy Cannon
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Pamela Hall
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Luisa Mariscal
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sally Ann Garcia
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - John Weaver
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric H. Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark and Dulbecco Telethon Institute at the Department of Biology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151- CNRS UMR 8253 F-75014, The Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Academia Sinica Institute of Biological Chemistry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology Genetics and Bioengineering Program, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center and EFSUN Nanodiagnostics Center of Excellence, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary, and Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- The Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- The Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France
- The Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, and UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Han-Min Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria Vaccaro
- Pathophysiology, CONICET, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan and Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Kumar S, Gu Y, Abudu YP, Bruun JA, Jain A, Farzam F, Mudd M, Anonsen JH, Rusten TE, Kasof G, Ktistakis N, Lidke KA, Johansen T, Deretic V. Phosphorylation of Syntaxin 17 by TBK1 Controls Autophagy Initiation. Dev Cell 2019; 49:130-144.e6. [PMID: 30827897 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Syntaxin 17 (Stx17) has been implicated in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Here, we report that Stx17 functions in assembly of protein complexes during autophagy initiation. Stx17 is phosphorylated by TBK1 whereby phospho-Stx17 controls the formation of the ATG13+FIP200+ mammalian pre-autophagosomal structure (mPAS) in response to induction of autophagy. TBK1 phosphorylates Stx17 at S202. During autophagy induction, Stx17pS202 transfers from the Golgi, where its steady-state pools localize, to the ATG13+FIP200+ mPAS. Stx17pS202 was in complexes with ATG13 and FIP200, whereas its non-phosphorylatable mutant Stx17S202A was not. Stx17 or TBK1 knockouts blocked ATG13 and FIP200 puncta formation. Stx17 or TBK1 knockouts reduced the formation of ATG13 protein complexes with FIP200 and ULK1. Endogenous Stx17pS202 colocalized with LC3B following induction of autophagy. Stx17 knockout diminished LC3 response and reduced sequestration of the prototypical bulk autophagy cargo lactate dehydrogenase. We conclude that Stx17 is a TBK1 substrate and that together they orchestrate assembly of mPAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yuexi Gu
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yakubu Princely Abudu
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo and Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Farzin Farzam
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of Biosciences IBV Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Tor Erik Rusten
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo and Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Gary Kasof
- Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | | | - Keith A Lidke
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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7
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Deretic V, Prossnitz E, Burge M, Campen MJ, Cannon J, Liu KJ, Sklar LA, Allers L, Garcia SA, Baehrecke EH, Behrends C, Cecconi F, Codogno P, Chen GC, Elazar Z, Eskelinen EL, Fourie B, Gozuacik D, Hong W, Hotamisligi G, Jäättelä M, Jo EK, Johansen T, Juhász G, Kimchi A, Ktistakis N, Kroemer G, MIzushima N, Münz C, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein D, Ryan K, Schroder K, Simonsen A, Tooze S, I. Vaccaro M, Yoshimori T, Yu L, Zhang H, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence: supporting the next generation of autophagy researchers and fostering international collaborations. Autophagy 2018; 14:925-929. [PMID: 29938597 PMCID: PMC6103399 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1465784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, NIH has funded a center for autophagy research named the Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, located at the University of New Mexico Health Science Center (UNM HSC), with aspirations to promote autophagy research locally, nationally, and internationally. The center has 3 major missions: (i) to support junior faculty in their endeavors to develop investigations in this area and obtain independent funding; (ii) to develop and provide technological platforms to advance autophagy research with emphasis on cellular approaches for high quality reproducible research; and (iii) to foster international collaborations through the formation of an International Council of Affiliate Members and through hosting national and international workshops and symposia. Scientifically, the AIM center is focused on autophagy and its intersections with other processes, with emphasis on both fundamental discoveries and applied translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric Prossnitz
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mark Burge
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Judy Cannon
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sally Ann Garcia
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric H. Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Feodor-Lynen Str., München, Germany
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at the Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151- CNRS UMR, Paris, France
- The Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Academia Sinica Institute of Biological Chemistry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology Genetics and Bioengineering Program, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center and EFSUN Nanodiagnostics Center of Excellence, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gokhan Hotamisligi
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine Jung-gu, Daejeon, S. Korea
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- The Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Labex Immuno-Oncology, The Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- The Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noboru MIzushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, and UK Dementia Research Institute, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- Pathophysiology, CONICET, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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8
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Puleston D, Phadwal K, Watson AS, Soilleux EJ, Chittaranjan S, Bortnik S, Gorski SM, Ktistakis N, Simon AK. Techniques for the Detection of Autophagy in Primary Mammalian Cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:pdb.top070391. [PMID: 26330629 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal catabolic pathway responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents. Autophagy is primarily a survival pathway for recycling cellular material in times of nutrient starvation, and in response to hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and other stresses, regulated through the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. The proteasomal pathway is responsible for degradation of proteins, whereas autophagy can degrade cytoplasmic material in bulk, including whole organelles such as mitochondria (mitophagy), bacteria (xenophagy), or lipids (lipophagy). Although signs of autophagy can be present during cell death, it remains controversial whether autophagy can execute cell death in vivo. Here, we will introduce protocols for detecting autophagy in mammalian primary cells by using western blots, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Puleston
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Kanchan Phadwal
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Scarth Watson
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Soilleux
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Svetlana Bortnik
- The Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Anna Katharina Simon
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; BRC Translational Immunology Lab, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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9
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Oxley D, Ktistakis N, Farmaki T. Differential isolation and identification of PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 binding proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana using an agarose-phosphatidylinositol-phosphate affinity chromatography. J Proteomics 2013; 91:580-94. [PMID: 24007659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A phosphatidylinositol-phosphate affinity chromatographic approach combined with mass spectrometry was used in order to identify novel PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 binding proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell extracts. Most of the phosphatidylinositol-phosphate interacting candidates identified from this differential screening are characterized by lysine/arginine rich patches. Direct phosphoinositide binding was identified for important membrane trafficking regulators as well as protein quality control proteins such as the ATG18p orthologue involved in autophagosome formation and the lipid Sec14p like transfer protein. A pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) containing protein was shown to directly bind to PI(3,5)P2 but not to PI(3)P. PIP chromatography performed using extracts obtained from high salt (0.4M and 1M NaCl) pretreated suspensions showed that the association of an S5-1 40S ribosomal protein with both PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 was abolished under salt stress whereas salinity stress induced an increase in the phosphoinositide association of the DUF538 domain containing protein SVB, associated with trichome size. Additional interacting candidates were co-purified with the phosphoinositide bound proteins. Binding of the COP9 signalosome, the heat shock proteins, and the identified 26S proteasomal subunits, is suggested as an indirect effect of their interaction with other proteins directly bound to the PI(3)P and the PI(3,5)P2 phosphoinositides. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE PI(3,5)P2 is of special interest because of its low abundance. Furthermore, no endogenous levels have yet been detected in A. thaliana (although there is evidence for its existence in plants). Therefore the isolation of novel interacting candidates in vitro would be of a particular importance since the future study and localization of the respective endogenous proteins may indicate possible targeted compartments or tissues where PI(3,5)P2 could be enriched and thereafter identified. In addition, PI(3,5)P2 is a phosphoinositide extensively studied in mammalian and yeast systems. However, our knowledge of its role in plants as well as a list of its effectors from plants is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oxley
- The Mass Spectrometry Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK
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10
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Karali D, Oxley D, Runions J, Ktistakis N, Farmaki T. The Arabidopsis thaliana immunophilin ROF1 directly interacts with PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P2 and affects germination under osmotic stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48241. [PMID: 23133621 PMCID: PMC3487907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct interaction of the Arabidopsis thaliana immunophilin ROF1 with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate was identified using a phosphatidylinositol-phosphate affinity chromatography of cell suspension extracts, combined with a mass spectrometry (nano LC ESI-MS/MS) analysis. The first FK506 binding domain was shown sufficient to bind to both phosphatidylinositol-phosphate stereoisomers. GFP-tagged ROF1 under the control of a 35S promoter was localised in the cytoplasm and the cell periphery of Nicotiana tabacum leaf explants. Immunofluorescence microscopy of Arabidopsis thaliana root tips verified its cytoplasmic localization and membrane association and showed ROF1 localization in the elongation zone which was expanded to the meristematic zone in plants grown on high salt media. Endogenous ROF1 was shown to accumulate in response to high salt treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana young leaves as well as in seedlings germinated on high salt media (0.15 and 0.2 M NaCl) at both an mRNA and protein level. Plants over-expressing ROF1, (WSROF1OE), exhibited enhanced germination under salinity stress which was significantly reduced in the rof1(-) knock out mutants and abolished in the double mutants of ROF1 and of its interacting homologue ROF2 (WSrof1(-)/2(-)). Our results show that ROF1 plays an important role in the osmotic/salt stress responses of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and suggest its involvement in salinity stress responses through a phosphatidylinositol-phosphate related protein quality control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Karali
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Oxley
- The Mass Spectrometry Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Runions
- School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Theodora Farmaki
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Raghu P, Coessens E, Manifava M, Georgiev P, Pettitt T, Wood E, Garcia-Murillas I, Okkenhaug H, Trivedi D, Zhang Q, Razzaq A, Zaid O, Wakelam M, O'Kane CJ, Ktistakis N. Rhabdomere biogenesis in Drosophila photoreceptors is acutely sensitive to phosphatidic acid levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:129-45. [PMID: 19349583 PMCID: PMC2700502 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200807027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is postulated to have both structural and signaling functions during membrane dynamics in animal cells. In this study, we show that before a critical time period during rhabdomere biogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors, elevated levels of PA disrupt membrane transport to the apical domain. Lipidomic analysis shows that this effect is associated with an increase in the abundance of a single, relatively minor molecular species of PA. These transport defects are dependent on the activation state of Arf1. Transport defects via PA generated by phospholipase D require the activity of type I phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4 phosphate 5 kinase, are phenocopied by knockdown of PI 4 kinase, and are associated with normal endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. We propose that PA levels are critical for apical membrane transport events required for rhabdomere biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padinjat Raghu
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, England, UK.
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12
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Gillies L, Lee SC, Long JS, Ktistakis N, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 and sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 are localised in centrosomes: possible role in regulating cell division. Cell Signal 2009; 21:675-84. [PMID: 19211033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show here that the endogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate 5 receptor (S1P(5), a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) whose natural ligand is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)) and sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), which catalyse formation of S1P, are co-localised in the centrosome of mammalian cells, where they may participate in regulating mitosis. The centrosome is a site for active GTP-GDP cycling involving the G-protein, G(i) and tubulin, which are required for spindle pole organization and force generation during cell division. Therefore, the presence of S1P(5) (which normally functions as a plasma membrane guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEF) and sphingosine kinases in the centrosome might suggest that S1P(5) may function as a ligand activated GEF in regulating G-protein-dependent spindle formation and mitosis. The addition of S1P to cells inhibits trafficking of S1P(5) to the centrosome, suggesting a dynamic shuttling endocytic mechanism controlled by ligand occupancy of cell surface receptor. We therefore propose that the centrosomal S1P(5) receptor might function as an intracellular target of S1P linked to regulation of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gillies
- Cell Biology Group, SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor St, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK
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13
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Long J, Darroch P, Wan K, Kong K, Ktistakis N, Pyne N, Pyne S. Regulation of cell survival by lipid phosphate phosphatases involves the modulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate pools. Biochem J 2006; 391:25-32. [PMID: 15960610 PMCID: PMC1237135 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that LPPs (lipid phosphate phosphatases) reduce the stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK (p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway by the GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) agonists S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) in serum-deprived HEK-293 cells [Alderton, Darroch, Sambi, McKie, Ahmed, N. J. Pyne and S. Pyne (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 13452-13460]. In the present study, we now show that this can be blocked by pretreating HEK-293 cells with the caspase 3/7 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO [N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO (aldehyde)]. Therefore LPP2 and LPP3 appear to regulate the apoptotic status of serum-deprived HEK-293 cells. This was supported further by: (i) caspase 3/7-catalysed cleavage of PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] was increased in serum-deprived LPP2-overexpressing compared with vector-transfected HEK-293 cells; and (ii) serum-deprived LPP2- and LPP3-overexpressing cells exhibited limited intranucleosomal DNA laddering, which was absent in vector-transfected cells. Moreover, LPP2 reduced basal intracellular phosphatidic acid levels, whereas LPP3 decreased intracellular S1P in serum-deprived HEK-293 cells. LPP2 and LPP3 are constitutively co-localized with SK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) in cytoplasmic vesicles in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, LPP2 but not LPP3 prevents SK1 from being recruited to a perinuclear compartment upon induction of PLD1 (phospholipase D1) in CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells. Taken together, these data are consistent with an important role for LPP2 and LPP3 in regulating an intracellular pool of PA and S1P respectively, that may govern the apoptotic status of the cell upon serum deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Long
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
| | - Peter Darroch
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
| | - Kah Fei Wan
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
| | - Kok Choi Kong
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
| | | | - Nigel J. Pyne
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
| | - Susan Pyne
- *Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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14
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Edmead CE, Fox BC, Stace C, Ktistakis N, Welham MJ. The pleckstrin homology domain of Gab-2 is required for optimal interleukin-3 signalsome-mediated responses. Cell Signal 2005; 18:1147-55. [PMID: 16275030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein Gab-2 coordinates the assembly of the IL-3 signalsome comprising Gab-2, Grb2, Shc, SHP-2 and PI3K. To investigate the role of the pleckstrin homology domain of Gab-2 in this process, epitope-tagged wild type Gab-2 (WTGab-2), Gab-2 lacking its PH domain (DeltaPHGab-2) and the Gab-2 PH domain alone (PHGab-2) were inducibly expressed in IL-3-dependent BaF/3 cells. Expression of DeltaPHGab-2 reduced IL-3-dependent proliferation and long-term activation of ERK1 and 2 and PKB by IL-3. While we demonstrate that the Gab-2 PH domain can bind PI(3,4,5)P3, it is dispensable for Gab-2 membrane localisation, tyrosine phosphorylation and signalsome formation. Rather, the proline-rich motifs of Gab-2 appear to contribute to the constitutive membrane localisation we observe, independently of tyrosine phosphorylation or the PH domain. Taken together, these findings suggest that once Gab-2 is tyrosine phosphorylated its PH domain is required for the optimal stabilisation of the signalsome, enabling full activation of downstream signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Edmead
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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15
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Krugmann S, Anderson KE, Ridley SH, Risso N, McGregor A, Coadwell J, Davidson K, Eguinoa A, Ellson CD, Lipp P, Manifava M, Ktistakis N, Painter G, Thuring JW, Cooper MA, Lim ZY, Holmes AB, Dove SK, Michell RH, Grewal A, Nazarian A, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT. Identification of ARAP3, a novel PI3K effector regulating both Arf and Rho GTPases, by selective capture on phosphoinositide affinity matrices. Mol Cell 2002; 9:95-108. [PMID: 11804589 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We show that matrices carrying the tethered homologs of natural phosphoinositides can be used to capture and display multiple phosphoinositide binding proteins in cell and tissue extracts. We present the mass spectrometric identification of over 20 proteins isolated by this method, mostly from leukocyte extracts: they include known and novel proteins with established phosphoinositide binding domains and also known proteins with surprising and unusual phosphoinositide binding properties. One of the novel PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding proteins, ARAP3, has an unusual domain structure, including five predicted PH domains. We show that it is a specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3/PtdIns(3,4)P2-stimulated Arf6 GAP both in vitro and in vivo, and both its Arf GAP and Rho GAP domains cooperate in mediating PI3K-dependent rearrangements in the cell cytoskeleton and cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krugmann
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
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16
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Ridley SH, Ktistakis N, Davidson K, Anderson KE, Manifava M, Ellson CD, Lipp P, Bootman M, Coadwell J, Nazarian A, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Cooper MA, Thuring JW, Lim ZY, Holmes AB, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT. FENS-1 and DFCP1 are FYVE domain-containing proteins with distinct functions in the endosomal and Golgi compartments. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3991-4000. [PMID: 11739631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.22.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FENS-1 and DFCP1 are recently discovered proteins containing one or two FYVE-domains respectively. We show that the FYVE domains in these proteins can bind PtdIns3P in vitro with high specificity over other phosphoinositides. Exogenously expressed FENS-1 localises to early endosomes: this localisation requires an intact FYVE domain and is sensitive to wortmannin inhibition. The isolated FYVE domain of FENS-1 also localises to endosomes. These results are consistent with current models of FYVE-domain function in this cellular compartment. By contrast, exogenously expressed DFCP1 displays a predominantly Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vesicular distribution with little or no overlap with FENS-1 or other endosomal markers. Overexpression of DFCP1 was found to cause dispersal of the Golgi compartment defined by giantin and gpp130-staining. Disruption of the FYVE domains of DFCP1 causes a shift to more condensed and compact Golgi structures and overexpression of this mutant was found to confer significant protection to the Golgi against brefeldin-induced dispersal. These properties of DFCP1 are surprising, and suggest FYVE domain-localisation and function may not be exclusively endosomal.
Movies available on-line
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ridley
- Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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17
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Lazarovits J, Shia SP, Ktistakis N, Lee MS, Bird C, Roth MG. The effects of foreign transmembrane domains on the biosynthesis of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:4760-7. [PMID: 2307684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven chimeric proteins were created in which the transmembrane, the cytoplasmic, or both topological domains of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) were replaced with those from five other glycoproteins. All of the chimeric HAs reached the cell surface but appeared to differ in the degree to which they were stably folded. Comparisons of the rates of folding, passage into the Golgi, and arrival at the plasma membrane of wild-type HA and the chimeric proteins suggest that formation of a stable HA trimer is not an absolute requirement for export from the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, there appear to be at least two steps at which the rate of transport can be altered during exocytosis, one occurring before and the other after the trimming of oligosaccharides by Golgi mannosidases. Certain of the chimeras differed from HA in their ability to pass through each of these steps. Replacement of the HA transmembrane domain with the analogous sequences from other proteins affected folding and transport of the chimeric HAs in ways that suggest that the HA transmembrane sequences form a specific structure in the membrane that differs from that formed by analogous sequences from the other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lazarovits
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9038
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