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Kling SM, Taylor GA, Peterson NR, Patel T, Fagenson AM, Poggio JL, Ross HM, Pitt HA, Lau KN, Philp MM. Colectomy in patients with liver disease: albumin-bilirubin score accurately predicts outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg 2024:S1091-255X(24)00369-X. [PMID: 38522642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with liver disease undergoing colectomy have higher rates of complications and mortality. The Albumin-Bilirubin score is a recently developed system, established to predict outcomes after hepatectomy, that accounts for liver dysfunction. METHODS All patients undergoing colectomy were identified in the 2015-2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program colectomy-targeted database. Demographics and outcomes were compared between patients with Albumin-Bilirubin Grade 1 vs. 2/3. Multivariable regression was performed for outcomes including colorectal-specific complications. Areas under the receiver operative characteristic curves were calculated to determine accuracy of the Albumin-Bilirubin score. RESULTS Of 86,273 patients identified, 48% (N = 41,624) were Albumin-Bilirubin Grade 1, 45% (N = 38,370) Grade 2 and 7% (N = 6,279) Grade 3. Patents with Grade 2/3 compared to Grade 1 had significantly increased mortality (7.2% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001) and serious morbidity (31% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Colorectal-specific complications including anastomotic leak (3.7% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001) and prolonged ileus (26% vs. 14%, p < 0.001) were higher in patients with Grade 2/3. Grade 2/3 had increased risk of mortality (odds ratio 3.07, p < 0.001) and serious morbidity (1.78, p < 0.001). Albumin-Bilirubin had excellent accuracy in predicting mortality (area under the curve 0.81, p < 0.001) and serious morbidity (0.70, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Albumin-Bilirubin is easily calculated using only serum albumin and total bilirubin values. Grade 2/3 is associated with increased rates of mortality and morbidity following colectomy. Albumin-Bilirubin can be applied to risk-stratify patients prior to colectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Kling
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - George A Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nicholas R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Takshaka Patel
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander M Fagenson
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Juan Lucas Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Howard M Ross
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, United States
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Kwan N Lau
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Matthew M Philp
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Sure VN, Sakamuri SSVP, Evans WR, Sperling JA, Peterson NR, Chen AL, Zheng S, Katakam PVG. Effect of NOS inhibition on mitochondrial function in Brain Microvascular endothelial cells under normoxia and oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐reoxygenation (OGD‐R). FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.524.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata N. Sure
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | | | - Wesley R. Evans
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Jared A. Sperling
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | | | - Allen L. Chen
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Sufen Zheng
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
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Sure VNLR, Sakamuri SSVP, Sperling JA, Mahalingam PS, Peterson NR, Katakam PVG. Diverse effects of NOS inhibition on mitochondrial bioenergetics in rat primary cortical neuronal cells under normoxia and hypoxia. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.691.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata NLR. Sure
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Siva SVP. Sakamuri
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Jared A. Sperling
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | | | | | - Prasad VG. Katakam
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
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Sperling JA, Sakamuri SSVP, Sure VN, Dholakia MH, Peterson NR, Satou R, Katakam PVG. The Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Respiration in Isolated Mouse Brain Mitochondria. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.697.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Sperling
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Siva SVP. Sakamuri
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Venkata N. Sure
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Monica H. Dholakia
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | | | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of ExcellenceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
| | - Prasad VG. Katakam
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA
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Abstract
A random k-out mapping (digraph) on [n] is generated by choosing k random images of each vertex one at a time, subject to a 'preferential attachment' rule: the current vertex selects an image i with probability proportional to a given parameter α = α(n) plus the number of times i has already been selected. Intuitively, the larger α becomes, the closer the resulting k-out mapping is to the uniformly random k-out mapping. We prove that α = Θ(n1/2) is the threshold for α growing 'fast enough' to make the random digraph approach the uniformly random digraph in terms of the total variation distance. We also determine an exact limit for this distance for the α = βn1/2 case.
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Katakam PVG, Dutta S, Sure VN, Grovenburg SM, Gordon AO, Peterson NR, Rutkai I, Busija DW. Depolarization of mitochondria in neurons promotes activation of nitric oxide synthase and generation of nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1097-106. [PMID: 26945078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00759.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The diverse signaling events following mitochondrial depolarization in neurons are not clear. We examined for the first time the effects of mitochondrial depolarization on mitochondrial function, intracellular calcium, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation, and nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured neurons and perivascular nerves. Cultured rat primary cortical neurons were studied on 7-10 days in vitro, and endothelium-denuded cerebral arteries of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were studied ex vivo. Diazoxide and BMS-191095 (BMS), activators of mitochondrial KATP channels, depolarized mitochondria in cultured neurons and increased cytosolic calcium levels. However, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was unaffected by mitochondrial depolarization. In addition, diazoxide and BMS not only increased the nNOS phosphorylation at positive regulatory serine 1417 but also decreased nNOS phosphorylation at negative regulatory serine 847. Furthermore, diazoxide and BMS increased NO production in cultured neurons measured with both fluorescence microscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, which was sensitive to inhibition by the selective nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). Diazoxide also protected cultured neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation, which was blocked by NOS inhibition and rescued by NO donors. Finally, BMS induced vasodilation of endothelium denuded, freshly isolated cerebral arteries that was diminished by 7-NI and tetrodotoxin. Thus pharmacological depolarization of mitochondria promotes activation of nNOS leading to generation of NO in cultured neurons and endothelium-denuded arteries. Mitochondrial-induced NO production leads to increased cellular resistance to lethal stress by cultured neurons and to vasodilation of denuded cerebral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Somhrita Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Samuel M Grovenburg
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Angellica O Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas R Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Roberts RO, Bergstralh EJ, Peterson NR, Bostwick DG, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ. Positive and negative biopsies in the pre-prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen eras, 1980 to 1997. J Urol 2000; 163:1471-5. [PMID: 10751860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assess temporal trends in prostate biopsy incidence, utilization and cancer yield in the community before and after the introduction of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) to the community medical practice MATERIALS AND METHODS Study subjects comprised all Olmsted County men with a first prostate biopsy performed between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1997. Medical records of all study subjects (1,729) were reviewed for clinical information from the first and all subsequent biopsies. RESULTS Annual age adjusted prostate biopsy incidence increased from 113/100, 000 (95% confidence interval 76, 150) in 1980 to 487/100,000 (421, 554) in 1992 and decreased to 264/100,000 (219, 309) in 1997. For men 50 to 59 years old biopsy incidence increased 400% from 137/100, 000 in 1980 to 1986 to 686/100,000 in 1993 to 1997. Overall, there were 93/100,000 more negative biopsies and 49/100,000 more positive biopsies in 1993 to 1997 than in 1980 to 1986. The overall cancer yield of 36% was essentially unchanged across periods (p = 0.6). However, by age cancer yield decreased from 29% to 21% (1980 to 1986 versus 1993 to 1997) for men 50 to 59 years old but increased from 38% to 45% for those 70 to 79 years old. CONCLUSIONS Overall cancer yield from prostate biopsies has changed little during the last 15 years. Increased cancer yield for men 70 years old or older has been offset by the decreased yield in younger men. Attention must now be given to diagnostic techniques which might reduce the incidence of negative biopsies and improve cancer yield in younger men.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Roberts
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Abstract
A total of 108 male partners of women with cervical condyloma and/or dysplasia underwent evaluation for gross and subclinical condyloma via acetic acid screening with a magnified examination. Biopsies of acetowhite genital skin were obtained for histological and deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization analysis. Of the men 52 (49%) had acetowhite lesions and underwent biopsies, 44 of which were evaluable by histological and deoxyribonucleic acid analyses. Of the lesions 12 had features of condyloma or penile intra-epithelial neoplasia, among which 7 (58%) contained human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid. The remaining 32 lesions revealed minimal histological changes sometimes suggesting condyloma. However, only 5 of the 32 biopsies (16%) contained human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid. A tendency to overdiagnose condyloma based on histological findings is suggested. Criteria by which to identify best human papillomavirus-related morphology are presented. Acetowhite genital epithelia with minor (nonspecific) histological changes correlate poorly with human papillomavirus nucleic acids and in most cases do not represent disease involving common viral types. The application of appropriate histological criteria appears to be particularly relevant to management strategies that avoid overtreatment of minor epithelial abnormalities. It remains unclear whether acetowhite genital epithelia positive for human papillomavirus require treatment given the high tendency for recurrence and lack of demonstrated effect on the natural history of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Schultz
- Department of Urology, Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia
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Abstract
We report a unique case of a duplex ureter with ureteral ectopia. A 30-year-old man presented with a coliform infection of the epididymis and excretory urography revealed, in addition to a normal-appearing right renal collecting system, a second right ureter that arose from an inferior calix, penetrated the lower pole parenchyma and drained directly into the ipsilateral epididymis. The radiological evaluation and surgical management are discussed, and several embryological explanations for this anomaly are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Brown
- Department of Urology, Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia
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Abstract
Unilateral scrotal inflammation was noted in an otherwise asymptomatic three-day-old male and was initially believed to be due to testicular torsion. It proved, however, to be the result of peritonitis from a thermometer-induced rectal perforation presenting via a communicating hydrocele. Treatment included primary closure of the rectal perforation with colostomy diversion combined with parenteral antibiotics. Preoperative evaluation of neonates with acute unilateral inflammation of the scrotum and a known hydrocele or hernia with flat and oblique x-ray films may reveal significant unsuspected intra-abdominal pathology.
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Abstract
Spheroplast membranes (spheroplast envelopes) of strain 2091 of group B Neisseria meningitidis were prepared by a procedure that included lysozyme treatment of the cells and osmotic lysis of the resulting spheroplasts. Electron microscopy revealed that the membranes consisted of two unit layers, generally parallel to each other. The membrane preparation migrated as a single component in a 40 to 70% sucrose gradient and consisted of 62% protein, 28% lipid, 9% ribonucleic acid, small amounts of carbohydrate, hexosamine, and deoxyribonucleic acid. When 1 or 10 mug (dry weight) was injected intravenously into rabbits, a mild pyrogenic reaction was elicited. In immunodiffusion tests, immune rabbit serum prepared against spheroplast membranes produced three major precipitin lines, with the homologous antigen solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and a single line with untreated antigen. The immune serum also reacted with a cell wall antigen, and to a lesser extent with some of the cytoplasmic antigens. Succinate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase activities were found to be associated with the spheroplast membranes. NADH dehydrogenase also was associated with the membranes but was gradually released and recovered in other fractions. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were not found in the membrane preparation. About one-third of these enzymatic activities were recovered in the supernatant fluid after the sedimentation of the spheroplasts and two-thirds were recovered in the cytoplasmic fraction. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAN)-condensing enzyme and cytidine monophosphate-NAN synthesizing enzyme also were identified in this organism. These enzymes were not associated with the membranes and were recovered from extracts from whole cells, spheroplasts, or cells exposed to osmotic shock, as well as from spheroplast supernatant and shock fluids. It is concluded that the spheroplast membranes of the strain of meningococci used in these studies are typical of those recovered from gram-negative bacteria.
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