1
|
Craig NM, Munguia NS, Trujillo AD, Wilkes R, Dorr M, Marsella R. Transcription of interleukin 31 and its receptor by leukocytes after Culicoides sp stimulation is dose dependent but is not exaggerated in allergic horses or correlated with pruritus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:S75-S85. [PMID: 37116871 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.12.0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preliminary evidence supports a role for IL-31 in equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) and pruritus. Our studies investigated IL-31 and IL-31 receptor-α (IL-31RA) transcription in leukocytes from normal and IBH horses in response to Culicoides nubeculosus. ANIMALS 19 normal and 15 IBH horses were recruited in the summer of 2019 (low-dose study) and 8 normal and 10 IBH horses in the winter of 2022 to 2023 (high-dose study). Normal horses had no history or signs of allergic skin disease, while IBH horses had a history and clinical signs compatible with IBH. Pruritus was scored using a visual analog score or a 1 to 6 grading system. PROCEDURES Whole blood leukocytes were incubated with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or C nubeculosus (0.26 µg/mL [low dose]; 5 μg/mL [high dose]). Transcription of IL-31 and IL-31RA was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Transcription of IL-31 and IL-31RA significantly increased in leukocytes from normal and IBH horses following high-dose C nubeculosus, and no differences were found between populations. Following low-dose C nubeculosus IL-31RA, transcription was increased in both normal and IBH horses, but IL-31 transcription was reduced in normal horses. No positive correlation was found between pruritus scores and IL-31 transcription after low- or high-dose C nubeculosus stimulation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exaggerated IL-31 transcription was not identified in IBH horses, suggesting that dysregulation in IL-31 signaling occurs downstream or in localized tissues or involves regulation by yet unidentified receptor splice variants or IL-31-induced increased sensitivity to other pruritogens. Further studies to understand IL-31 signaling in equine allergic skin disease are needed.
Collapse
|
2
|
McCracken IR, Saginc G, He L, Huseynov A, Daniels A, Fletcher S, Peghaire C, Kalna V, Andaloussi-Mäe M, Muhl L, Craig NM, Griffiths SJ, Haas JG, Tait-Burkard C, Lendahl U, Birdsey GM, Betsholtz C, Noseda M, Baker AH, Randi AM. Lack of Evidence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Replicative Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Human Endothelial Cells. Circulation 2021; 143:865-868. [PMID: 33405941 PMCID: PMC7899720 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (I.R.M., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, United Kingdom
| | - Gaye Saginc
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H., M.A.-M., C.B.).,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China (L.H.)
| | - Alik Huseynov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Alison Daniels
- Infection Medicine (A.D., S.J.G., J.G.H.), University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fletcher
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom (S.F., N.M.C., C.T.-B.)
| | - Claire Peghaire
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Viktoria Kalna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Maarja Andaloussi-Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H., M.A.-M., C.B.)
| | - Lars Muhl
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (L.M., U.L., C.B.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Nicky M Craig
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom (S.F., N.M.C., C.T.-B.)
| | - Samantha J Griffiths
- Infection Medicine (A.D., S.J.G., J.G.H.), University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen G Haas
- Infection Medicine (A.D., S.J.G., J.G.H.), University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Tait-Burkard
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom (S.F., N.M.C., C.T.-B.)
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (L.M., U.L., C.B.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (U.L.)
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.H., M.A.-M., C.B.).,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (L.M., U.L., C.B.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (C.B.), Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (I.R.M., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (G.S., A.H., C.P., V.K., G.M.B., M.N., A.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Craig NM, Miller HRP, Smith WD, Knight PA. Cytokine expression in naïve and previously infected lambs after challenge with Teladorsagia circumcincta. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 120:47-54. [PMID: 17714792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infection of sheep with Teladorsagia circumcincta triggers an immune response with predominantly type-2 (Th2) characteristics, including local eosinophila, mastocytosis and increased mucus production. In order to better understand the protective immune responses elicited, we used RT-PCR assays to define the changes in expression levels of a range of cytokine transcripts in lymph nodes draining the ovine abomasum following a challenge infection with T. circumcincta. This study compared the changes in cytokine expression in the abomasal lymph node following challenge with T. circumcincta in naïve sheep (Group 2) and sheep immunised by a previous trickle infection (Group 3), in comparison to unchallenged naive sheep (Group 1). There was a significant up-regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 in both the challenged groups compared to naïve individuals. There was also an up-regulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) by day 5 after infection. IL-12p40 was found to be increased in the previously infected Group 3 animals by day 5 following challenge. By contrast, transcription of this cytokine was found to be reduced by day 10 following infection of Group 2 animals. Expression of IL-2 and Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) did not significantly differ between the three groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Craig
- The University of Edinburgh, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The 1998 El Niño significantly reduced garden productivity in the Upper Orinoco region in Venezuela. Consequently, parents were forced to allocate food carefully to their children. Nutrition data collected from village children combined with genealogical data allowed the determination of which children suffered most, and whether the patterns of food distribution accorded with predictions from parental investment theory. For boys, three social variables accounted for over 70% of the variance in subcutaneous fat after controlling for age: number of siblings, age of the mother's youngest child, and whether the mother was the senior or junior co-wife, or was married monogamously. These results accord well with parental investment theory. Parents experiencing food stress faced a trade-off between quantity and quality, and between investing in younger versus older offspring. In addition, boys with access to more paternal investment (i.e. no stepmother) were better nourished. These variables did not account for any of the variance in female nutrition. Girls' nutrition was associated with the size of their patrilineage and the number of non-relatives in the village, suggesting that lineage politics may have played a role. An apparent lack of relationship between orphan status and nutrition is also interesting, given that orphans suffered high rates of skin flea infections. The large number of orphans being cared for by only two grandparents suggests that grooming time may have been the resource in short supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E H Hagen
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|