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Kingsley NB, Sandmeyer L, Parker SE, Dwyer A, Heden S, Reilly C, Hallendar-Edman A, Archer S, Bellone RR. Risk factors for insidious uveitis in the Knabstrupper breed. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:820-830. [PMID: 36199161 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is the leading cause of blindness for horses; previous research implicated the leopard complex spotting allele (LP) as a genetic risk factor for insidious uveitis in the Appaloosa. There is limited information about risk in the Knabstrupper. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical manifestations, disease frequency and potential risk factors for ERU in Knabstrupper horses. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Ocular examinations were performed on 116 horses, and based on identified anomalies, horses were classified as suspect, ERU-affected or having no clinical signs. Microagglutination testing (MAT) of serum assessed exposure to Leptospira spp. Clinical signs, age, sex, base colour, coat pattern, LP and PATN1 genotypes, percent white at birth, progressive roaning and Leptospira were assessed as risk factors using multivariable exact logistic regression, accounting for clustering at the barn level. Additionally, a pedigree analysis was performed (n = 20 cases and 21 controls), and coefficients of coancestry (CC) and inbreeding were calculated. RESULTS Prevalence of insidious uveitis in this sample of Knabstruppers was 20.7%. Similar to findings for Appaloosas, LP homozygotes had higher odds of uveitis compared with true solid (N/N) horses (LP/LP OR = 7.64, 95% CI [0.8 to +INF], p = 0.04) and age was also identified as a risk factor. After accounting for LP, the 16-20 age group had higher odds compared with the youngest group (OR = 13.36, 95% CI [1.4-213.4], p = 0.009). The distributions of average CC were significantly different between cases and controls (p = 0.01). MAIN LIMITATIONS A relatively small sample size decreased the power for detecting additional associations. The progressive nature of insidious uveitis may have prevented identification of younger affected horses. CONCLUSIONS Our data support genotyping for LP to assess risk of ERU in Knabstruppers. Additional studies are necessary to develop more robust risk models across LP breeds for earlier detection and improved clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Kingsley
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynne Sandmeyer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sarah E Parker
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ann Dwyer
- Genesee Valley Equine Clinic, LLC, Scottsville, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Hallendar-Edman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sheila Archer
- Independent Researcher, Sayward, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Kingsley NB, Sandmeyer L, Norton EM, Speed D, Dwyer A, Lassaline M, McCue M, Bellone RR. Heritability of insidious uveitis in Appaloosa horses. Anim Genet 2022; 53:872-877. [DOI: 10.1111/age.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Kingsley
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California – Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California – Davis Davis California USA
| | - Lynne Sandmeyer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Elaine M. Norton
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Doug Speed
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Ann Dwyer
- Genesee Valley Equine Clinic, LLC Scottsville New York USA
| | - Mary Lassaline
- School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Molly McCue
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota St Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Rebecca R. Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California – Davis Davis California USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California – Davis Davis California USA
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Kingsley NB, Sandmeyer L, Bellone RR. A review of investigated risk factors for developing equine recurrent uveitis. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26:86-100. [PMID: 35691017 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an ocular inflammatory disease that can be difficult to manage clinically. As such, it is the leading cause of bilateral blindness for horses. ERU is suspected to have a complex autoimmune etiology with both environmental and genetic risk factors contributing to onset and disease progression in some or all cases. Work in recent years has aimed at unraveling the primary triggers, such as infectious agents and inherited breed-specific risk factors, for disease onset, persistence, and progression. This review has aimed at encompassing those factors that have been associated, implicated, or substantiated as contributors to ERU, as well as identifying areas for which additional knowledge is needed to better understand risk for disease onset and progression. A greater understanding of the risk factors for ERU will enable earlier detection and better prognosis through prevention and new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Kingsley
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynne Sandmeyer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Kingsley NB, Hamilton NA, Lindgren G, Orlando L, Bailey E, Brooks S, McCue M, Kalbfleisch TS, MacLeod JN, Petersen JL, Finno CJ, Bellone RR. "Adopt-a-Tissue" Initiative Advances Efforts to Identify Tissue-Specific Histone Marks in the Mare. Front Genet 2021; 12:649959. [PMID: 33841506 PMCID: PMC8033197 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N B Kingsley
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Natasha A Hamilton
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et Génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ernie Bailey
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Molly McCue
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - T S Kalbfleisch
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Donnelly CG, Bellone RR, Hales EN, Nguyen A, Katzman SA, Dujovne GA, Knickelbein KE, Avila F, Kalbfleisch TS, Giulotto E, Kingsley NB, Tanaka J, Esdaile E, Peng S, Dahlgren A, Fuller A, Mienaltowski MJ, Raudsepp T, Affolter VK, Petersen JL, Finno CJ. Generation of a Biobank From Two Adult Thoroughbred Stallions for the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes Initiative. Front Genet 2021; 12:650305. [PMID: 33763124 PMCID: PMC7982670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the successful creation of a biobank from two adult Thoroughbred mares, this study aimed to recapitulate sample collection in two adult Thoroughbred stallions as part of the Functional Annotation of the Animal Genome (FAANG) initiative. Both stallions underwent thorough physical, lameness, neurologic, and ophthalmic (including electroretinography) examinations prior to humane euthanasia. Epididymal sperm was recovered from both stallions immediately postmortem and cryopreserved. Aseptically collected full thickness skin biopsies were used to isolate, culture and cryopreserve dermal fibroblasts. Serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and gastrointestinal content from various locations were collected and cryopreserved. Under guidance of a board-certified veterinary anatomic pathologist, 102 representative tissue samples were collected from both horses. Whole tissue samples were flash-frozen and prioritized tissues had nuclei isolated and cryopreserved. Spatially contemporaneous samples of each tissue were submitted for histologic examination. Antemortem and gross pathologic examination revealed mild abnormalities in both stallions. One stallion (ECA_UCD_AH3) had unilateral thoracic limb lameness and bilateral chorioretinal scars. The second stallion (ECA_UCD_AH4) had subtle symmetrical pelvic limb ataxia, symmetrical prostatomegally, and moderate gastrointestinal nematodiasis. DNA from each was whole-genome sequenced and genotyped using the GGP Equine 70K SNP array. The genomic resources and banked biological samples from these animals augments the existing resource available to the equine genomics community. Importantly we may now improve the resolution of tissue-specific gene regulation as affected by sex, as well as add sex-specific tissues and gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum G Donnelly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin N Hales
- Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Annee Nguyen
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Scott A Katzman
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ghislaine A Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kelly E Knickelbein
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Felipe Avila
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ted S Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Elena Giulotto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicole B Kingsley
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Tanaka
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Esdaile
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sichong Peng
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anna Dahlgren
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anna Fuller
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Michael J Mienaltowski
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Sandmeyer LS, Kingsley NB, Walder C, Archer S, Leis ML, Bellone RR, Bauer BS. Risk factors for equine recurrent uveitis in a population of Appaloosa horses in western Canada. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:515-525. [PMID: 32086865 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical manifestations, measure frequency, and evaluate risk factors for equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) in Appaloosa horses in western Canada. ANIMALS 145 Appaloosa horses. PROCEDURES Ophthalmic examinations were completed and eyes were classified as having no or mild clinical signs, or moderate, or severe damage from ERU. Clinical signs, age, sex, base coat color, and pattern were recorded. Whole blood and/or mane hair follicles were collected for DNA extraction, and all horses were tested for the leopard complex (LP) spotting pattern allele. Pedigree analysis was completed on affected and unaffected horses, and coefficients of coancestry (CC) and inbreeding (COI) were determined. RESULTS Equine recurrent uveitis was confirmed in 20 (14%) horses. The mean age of affected horses was 12.3 years (±5.3; range 3-25). Age was a significant risk factor for ERU diagnosis (ORyear = 1.15) and classification (ORyear = 1.19). The fewspot coat pattern was significantly associated with increased risk for ERU compared to horses that were minimally patterned or true solids. The LP/LP genotype was at a significantly greater risk for ERU compared to lp/lp (OR = 19.4) and LP/lp (OR = 6.37). Classification of ERU was greater in the LP/LP genotype compared to LP/lp. Affected horses had an average CC of 0.066, and there was a significant difference in the distribution of CC for affected horses versus the control group (P = .021). One affected horse was the sire or grandsire of nine other affected. CONCLUSIONS Age, coat pattern, and genetics are major risk factors for the diagnosis and classification of ERU in the Appaloosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne S Sandmeyer
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask, Canada
| | - Nicole B Kingsley
- Equine Research Unit, University of California Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Walder
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Sask, Canada
| | | | - Marina L Leis
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory and the Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bianca S Bauer
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask, Canada
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Petersen JL, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Burns EN, Kingsley NB, Kalbfleisch T, MacLeod JN, Creppe C, Miller DC, Antczak DF. 31 Building a functional annotation of the equine genome. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz122.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The molecular determination of complex traits related to animal production, health, and performance remains elusive. In response, an international effort (Functional Annotation of ANimal Genomes, or FAANG) was initiated with the goal of identifying functional elements of the genome across domestic animal species. Toward this goal, the equine FAANG community has developed a biobank of over 80 tissues, four fluid types, and nine microbiome samples collected from two adult Thoroughbred mares as a resource for functional annotation of the horse genome. Full clinical phenotyping and careful histologic evaluation was performed on each tissue to allow for correlation of any observed pathologies and cell composition with sequencing results. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of each horse is complete as is RNA-sequencing (mRNA and smRNA) and analysis from eight prioritized tissues (liver, lung, hoof lamina, heart, longissimus dorsi muscle, ovary, parietal cortex, and adipose) as well as from 30 additional tissues sequenced with support from members of the community (known as the “Adopt-a-tissue” initiative). All sequencing data are now publicly available. Chromatin shearing and antibody concentrations have been optimized for ChIP-seq to characterize the major histone modification marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K27ac) in the eight prioritized tissues and spleen. Data collection and analyses are nearly complete. Assays to identify genomic insulators denoted by CCCTC-binding sites are also underway as is optimization of ATAC-seq, to characterize open chromatin in select tissues. The biobank’s use has extended to include chromatin run-on and sequencing (ChRO-seq) assays allowing for a novel comparison with ChIP-seq peaks. Further extensions of the biobank include keratinocyte cell culture, centromere mapping, karyotype analyses, methylation profiles, and microbiome characterization. These data provide a valuable baseline of genome function in the healthy, adult Thoroughbred mare and will allow for an improved understanding of and continuing research on tissue-, developmental-, and disease-associated genome regulation.
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