1
|
Hausman NL, Falligant JM, Bednar MK, Carver AN, Connaughton K. Behavioral Treatment of Sleep Problems using Wake-Time Fading with Individuals with Autism: A Brief Report. Dev Neurorehabil 2023; 26:130-133. [PMID: 36458344 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties with sleep, such as delayed onset, night waking, and early waking, are pervasive among individuals with developmental disabilities and autism. Interventions that seek to improve sleep outcomes are particularly useful when these individuals have experienced extended hospitalizations where low activity levels and decreased exposure to light-dark cycles maintain or increase disturbance in sleep patterns. The current study examines the effects of wake-time phase advances on the sleep patterns of a 16-year-old male and 17-year-old female, both of whom presented with significant sleep disturbance, autism, developmental delays, and severe problem behavior in a hospital-based setting. For both individuals, clinically significant increases in appropriate sleep and decreases in latency to sleep were observed throughout the course of their admission as a result of wake-time phase advances. Together, these results replicate and extend limited research in this area by using behavioral interventions to decrease disrupted sleep in inpatient contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Falligant
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute & Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kranak MP, Rooker GW, Carr CJ, Bradtke P, Falligant JM, Hausman NL. Evaluation of accepted and rejected submissions in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis: Gender and experience. J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 54:1175-1187. [PMID: 33740282 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have examined factors of authors such as sex of author, gender identity, and seniority within the field of behavior analysis to determine if any biases towards a certain group existed. Most recently, Kranak et al. (2020) found that women and new authors are well-represented in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). However, that analysis included only published manuscripts. Thus, the degree to which these subpopulations are proportionally represented is unknown, because that analysis was unable to determine how often these subpopulations are submitting manuscripts. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to extend Kranak et al. and analyze all accepted and rejected manuscripts submitted to JABA from 2015 - 2019. Results indicated that women and men had nearly identical acceptance rates during this time period, whereas veteran authors' acceptance rate was nearly 2.5 times greater than that of new authors. Implications for publishing, reviewing, and research mentorship practices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Griffin W Rooker
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Codey J Carr
- Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Editorial Office.,Occidental College
| | | | | | - Nicole L Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hausman NL, Javed N, Bednar MK, Guell M, Schaller E, Nevill RE, Kahng S. Interobserver agreement: A preliminary investigation into how much is enough? J Appl Behav Anal 2021; 55:357-368. [PMID: 33482012 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interobserver agreement (IOA) is important for research and practice, and supports the consistency of behavioral data (Kahng et al., 2011). Although general parameters for how much IOA is needed have been suggested (Bailey & Burch, 2018), it is unknown if the total number of sessions with IOA might impact the IOA coefficient. In this study, IOA was reanalyzed using functional analysis data at various cutoffs. Obtained IOA from these analyses was then compared to the original IOA. Overall, results suggested that, at least when using highly trained observers in a structured clinical setting, there were no significant differences in IOA across cutoffs. However, IOA was sensitive to overall rate of responding in the functional analysis. These data are encouraging, particularly for practitioners, because they provide preliminary support that the amount of sessions with IOA may not be as important as the consistency of the data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Hausman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Noor Javed
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | - Molly K Bednar
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | | | - Rose E Nevill
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - SungWoo Kahng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Rutgers University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kranak MP, Falligant JM, Hausman NL. Application of automated nonparametric statistical analysis in clinical contexts. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 54:824-833. [PMID: 33084039 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional analyses (FAs) provide clinicians with results upon which they design behavioral treatments. Unfortunately, interrater reliability of visual analysis of FA results can be inconsistent. Accordingly, researchers have designed quantitative metrics and visual aids to supplement visual analysis. Recently, Hall et al. (2020) provided a proof of concept for using automated nonparametric statistical analysis (ANSA) to interpret FA data. Their results show promise for ANSA as a supplemental tool. However, they evaluated ANSA with only published FA datasets, which may not be representative of FAs commonly encountered in clinical care. Therefore, the purpose of this replication was to compare ANSA to another validated supplemental aid (i.e., the structured criteria method) and investigate its utility with unpublished clinical FA data. Our results were consistent with Hall et al.'s, indicating ANSA may augment clinical interpretation of FA data. Recommendations for clinical applications of ANSA and future directions for researchers are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole L Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falligant JM, Kranak MP, McNulty MK, Schmidt JD, Hausman NL, Rooker GW. Prevalence of renewal of problem behavior: Replication and extension to an inpatient setting. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 54:367-373. [PMID: 32578889 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit problem behavior often receive behavioral assessment and treatment in specialized inpatient and outpatient clinics. However, problem behavior sometimes reemerges as a function of changes in contexts and stimulus conditions, such as returning to the home environment. This reemergence is called renewal. Recently, Muething et al. (2020) found that renewal occurred in over half (67%) of cases from an outpatient clinic. Their sample was obtained exclusively from an outpatient setting and despite the applied relevance of renewal, its clinical prevalence in other populations is unknown. Accordingly, we replicated Muething et al.'s procedures and analyzed renewal in 37 inpatient treatment applications across 34 cases via consecutive-controlled case series. Renewal was present in 59% of cases; however, we found that renewal occurred in only 24% of context changes compared to 42% reported by Muething et al. Various factors related to the prevalence of renewal were evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P Kranak
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nicole L Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Griffin W Rooker
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kranak MP, Falligant JM, Bradtke P, Hausman NL, Rooker GW. Authorship trends in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis: An update. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:2376-2384. [PMID: 32449993 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) is considered the flagship journal for the discipline of applied behavior analysis. Thus, popular research topics and other publication trends within JABA reflect the current cultural and scientific contingencies governing the field of behavior analysis. Researchers have previously quantified a number of authorship trends in JABA (and other behavior-analytic journals) across a number of variables, such as gender identity and sex of author, country of origin, or seniority within the field (Dunlap et al., 1998) to examine demographic and organizational factors associated with successful publication in JABA. These analyses ought to be conducted continuously to monitor trends and detect any potential biases (e.g., sexism). Accordingly, the purpose of the present investigation was to replicate previous research in this area (e.g., Dymond et al., 2000) and provide an update of current publication trends within JABA. Implications for future research and publishing practices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Kranak
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nicole L Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Griffin W Rooker
- Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Falligant JM, McNulty MK, Kranak MP, Hausman NL, Rooker GW. Evaluating sources of baseline data using dual-criteria and conservative dual-criteria methods: A quantitative analysis. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:2330-2338. [PMID: 32337720 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scheithauer et al. (2020) recently demonstrated that differences in the source of baseline data extracted from a functional analysis (FA) may not affect subsequent clinical decision-making in comparison to a standard baseline. These outcomes warrant additional quantitative examination, as correspondence of visual analysis has sometimes been reported to be unreliable. In the current study, we quantified the occurrence of false positives within a dataset of FA and baseline data using the dual-criteria (DC) and conservative dual-criteria (CDC) methods. Results of this quantitative analysis suggest that false positives were more likely when using FA data (rather than original baseline data) as the initial treatment baseline. However, both sources of baseline data may have acceptably low levels of false positives for practical use. Overall, the findings provide preliminary quantitative support for the conclusion that determinations of effective treatment may be easily obtained using different sources of baseline data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Michael Falligant
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Molly K McNulty
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | - Michael P Kranak
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Nicole L Hausman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Griffin W Rooker
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Falligant JM, McNulty MK, Hausman NL, Rooker GW. Using dual‐criteria methods to supplement visual inspection: Replication and extension. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 53:1789-1798. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole L. Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute & Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Griffin W. Rooker
- Kennedy Krieger Institute & Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pincus SM, Hausman NL, Borrero JC, Kahng S. Context influences preference for and level of physical activity of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:788-795. [PMID: 31161604 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend Hustyi, Normand, Larson, and Morley (2012) by determining the effects of different contexts on physical activity displayed by adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and determining preference for various activities. Results indicated that an exergaming condition produced the highest levels of activity. Results of a preference assessment indicated that 2 out of 3 participants preferred the physical activity context to the sedentary. For the third participant, an intervention was included to increase activity. Although the intervention was successful, participant preference for the sedentary activity context remained unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Hausman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rooker GW, Hausman NL, Fisher AB, Gregory MK, Lawell JL, Hagopian LP. Classification of injuries observed in functional classes of self-injurious behaviour. J Intellect Disabil Res 2018; 62:1086-1096. [PMID: 30043452 PMCID: PMC7273834 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has examined how the functions of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) relate to the production of injuries and the location, type or severity of those injuries. METHODS Clinical and medical records were coded for 64 individuals hospitalised for SIB. When injuries were present, the physical properties of SIB and injuries were assessed across groups of individuals with automatically and socially maintained SIB. RESULTS Injuries were observed for 35 of the individuals who engaged in SIB. Individuals who engaged in a single form of SIB were more likely to have injuries (P < .05). Individuals with SIB maintained by automatic reinforcement had significantly more severe injuries to the head than those in the social group (q < .05, P = .0132, H = 12.54). CONCLUSION Although results are preliminary, the results provide evidence that the function of SIB may influence the severity and location of injuries produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W Rooker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N L Hausman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A B Fisher
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M K Gregory
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Lawell
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L P Hagopian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hausman NL, Borrero JC, Fisher A, Kahng S. Teaching young children to make accurate portion size estimations using a stimulus equivalence paradigm. Behav Intervent 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Hausman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
| | - John C. Borrero
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alyssa Fisher
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
| | - SungWoo Kahng
- Department of Health Psychology; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balka KE, Hausman NL, Schaller E, Kahng S. Discriminated Functional Communication for Attention: Evaluating Fixed and Varied Durations of Reinforcer Availability. Behav Intervent 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E. Balka
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
- University of Maryland; Baltimore County MD USA
| | - Nicole L. Hausman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
- University of Maryland; Baltimore County MD USA
| | - Erin Schaller
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
| | - SungWoo Kahng
- Department of Health Psychology; University of Missouri; 205 Portland St. Columbia MO 65211 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deshais MA, Fisher AB, Hausman NL, Kahng S. Further investigation of a rapid restraint analysis. J Appl Behav Anal 2015; 48:845-59. [PMID: 26412673 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the use of mechanical restraint devices (e.g., arm splints) has been limited despite the frequency with which they are used in the clinical treatment of severe and dangerous self-injurious behavior (SIB). Wallace, Iwata, Zhou, and Goff () used a rapid restraint analysis (RRA) to evaluate the effects of different levels of arm-splint flexion on rates of hand-to-head SIB and adaptive behavior. The goal of the current study was 3-fold: (a) to extend previous research on RRA by reporting RRA results for 10 participants and investigating post-RRA outcomes, (b) to investigate whether the RRA might have the potential to eliminate the need for restraint fading altogether for some individuals, and (c) to investigate whether the RRA might help to identify a starting point for restraint fading for individuals for whom fading is necessary. Results suggested that the RRA helped to eliminate the need for restraint fading for 6 participants. With respect to the identification of a starting point for restraint fading, results were mixed. Overall, 8 of the 10 participants were discharged from the inpatient unit at a less restrictive level of flexion or at the same level of flexion identified by the RRA. Implications for adoption of the RRA are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kahng S, Hausman NL, Fisher AB, Donaldson JM, Cox JR, Lugo M, Wiskow KM. The safety of functional analyses of self-injurious behavior. J Appl Behav Anal 2014; 48:107-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SungWoo Kahng
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hausman NL, Borrero JC, Fisher A, Kahng S. Improving accuracy of portion-size estimations through a stimulus equivalence paradigm. J Appl Behav Anal 2014; 47:485-99. [PMID: 24842700 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to increase in the United States (Gordon-Larsen, The, & Adair, 2010). Obesity can be attributed, in part, to overconsumption of energy-dense foods. Given that overeating plays a role in the development of obesity, interventions that teach individuals to identify and consume appropriate portion sizes are warranted. Specifically, interventions that teach individuals to estimate portion sizes correctly without the use of aids may be critical to the success of nutrition education programs. The current study evaluated the use of a stimulus equivalence paradigm to teach 9 undergraduate students to estimate portion size accurately. Results suggested that the stimulus equivalence paradigm was effective in teaching participants to make accurate portion size estimations without aids, and improved accuracy was observed in maintenance sessions that were conducted 1 week after training. Furthermore, 5 of 7 participants estimated the target portion size of novel foods during extension sessions. These data extend existing research on teaching accurate portion-size estimations and may be applicable to populations who seek treatment (e.g., overweight or obese children and adults) to teach healthier eating habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Hausman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County and Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jessel J, Hausman NL, Schmidt JD, Darnell LC, Kahng S. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FALSE-POSITIVE OUTCOMES DURING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR. Behav Intervent 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jessel
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Western New England University; Springfield MA 01119 USA
| | - Nicole L. Hausman
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Schmidt
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Lily C. Darnell
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - SungWoo Kahng
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21205
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hausman NL, Ingvarsson ET, Kahng S. A comparison of reinforcement schedules to increase independent responding in individuals with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Behav Anal 2013; 47:155-9. [PMID: 24114759 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of varying reinforcement schedules on independent responding with 3 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Independent responding was always reinforced, and responding after a vocal response was either (a) always reinforced, (b) never reinforced, or (c) reinforced on a fixed-ratio 3 schedule. Results showed that for 2 of the 3 participants, independent responding was higher when responding after the vocal prompt was never reinforced. These data suggest that altering the reinforcement schedule to favor independent responding may lead to increased independent responding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Hausman
- University of Maryland Baltimore County and Kennedy Krieger Institute
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trahan MA, Kahng S, Fisher AB, Hausman NL. Behavior-analytic research on dementia in older adults. J Appl Behav Anal 2012; 44:687-91. [PMID: 21941406 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 1 in 10 adults aged 65 years and older have been diagnosed with dementia, which is associated with numerous behavioral excesses and deficits. Despite the publication of a special section of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) on behavioral gerontology (Iwata, 1986), there continues to be a paucity of behavior-analytic research with this population. This review compares the research published before and after the behavioral gerontology special section and evaluates the most recently published aging articles in JABA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Leon Y, Hausman NL, Kahng S, Becraft JL. Further examination of discriminated functional communication. J Appl Behav Anal 2011; 43:525-30. [PMID: 21358914 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One child with developmental disabilities was taught to mand for attention by saying "excuse me." Treatment effects were extended to multiple training contexts by teaching the participant to attend to naturally occurring discriminative stimuli through differential reinforcement of communication during periods of the experimenter's nonbusy activities (e.g., reading a magazine). Results are discussed in terms of future research on the generalization and maintenance of functional communication in the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanerys Leon
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ingvarsson ET, Kahng S, Hausman NL. Some effects of noncontingent positive reinforcement on multiply controlled problem behavior and compliance in a demand context. J Appl Behav Anal 2008; 41:435-40. [PMID: 18816983 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2008.41-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional analysis suggested that the problem behavior of an 8-year-old girl with autism was maintained by escape from demands and access to edible items. Noncontingent delivery of an edible item was sufficient to increase compliance and reduce the rate of problem behavior without the use of escape extinction in a demand context. Leaner and richer schedules of noncontingent reinforcement were equally effective, and there were minimal differences between noncontingent reinforcement and differential reinforcement of compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einar T Ingvarsson
- Department of Psychology, DeBartolo Hall, Youngstown State University, One University Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|