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Smidtslund P, Jansson Sigfrids F, Ylinen A, Elonen N, Harjutsalo V, Groop PH, Thorn LM. Prognosis After First-Ever Myocardial Infarction in Type 1 Diabetes Is Strongly Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:197-205. [PMID: 36399763 PMCID: PMC9918441 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study prognosis after a first-ever myocardial infarction (MI) in type 1 diabetes, as well as how different MI- and diabetes-related factors affect the prognosis and risk of secondary cardiovascular events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this observational follow-up study of 4,217 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with no prior MI or coronary revascularization, we verified 253 (6.0%) MIs from medical records or death certificates. Mortality from cardiovascular or diabetes-related cause was our main end point, whereas hospitalization due to heart failure, coronary revascularization, and recurrent MI were secondary end points, while accounting for death as a competing risk. RESULTS Of the individuals studied, 187 (73.9%) died during the median post-MI follow-up of 3.07 (interquartile range 0.02-8.45) years. Independent risk factors for cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality were estimated glomerular filtration rate categories grade 3 (G3) (hazard ratio [HR] 3.27 [95% CI 1.76-6.08]), G4 (3.62 [1.69-7.73]), and G5 (4.03 [2.24-7.26]); prior coronary heart disease diagnosis (1.50 [1.03-2.20]); and older age at MI (1.03 [1.00-1.05]). Factors associated with lower mortality were acute revascularization (HR 0.35 [95% CI 0.18-0.72]) and subacute revascularization (0.39 [0.26-0.59]). In Fine and Gray competing risk analyses, kidney failure was associated with a higher risk of recurrent MI (subdistribution HR 3.27 [95% CI 2.01-5.34]), heart failure (3.76 [2.46-5.76]), and coronary revascularization (3.04 [1.89-4.90]). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a high cardiovascular and diabetes-related mortality after their first-ever MI. In particular, poor kidney function is associated with high mortality and excessive risk of secondary cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Smidtslund
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fanny Jansson Sigfrids
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Ylinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Per-Henrik Groop,
| | - Lena M. Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Tikkanen-Dolenc H, Wadén J, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Thorn LM, Saraheimo M, Elonen N, Hietala K, Summanen P, Tikkanen HO, Groop PH. Frequent physical activity is associated with reduced risk of severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:527-534. [PMID: 31749048 PMCID: PMC7160093 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with the development of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Prospective observational analysis as part of the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years was performed. A total of 1612 individuals with type 1 diabetes were recruited, and LTPA was assessed at baseline using a validated self-report questionnaire. Severe diabetic retinopathy was defined as the initiation of laser treatment due to severe nonproliferative, proliferative retinopathy or diabetic maculopathy (identified from the Care Register for Health Care). RESULTS A total of 261 patients received laser treatment during the follow-up. Higher frequency of LTPA was associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.024), a finding that remained significant after adjustment for gender, duration, age at onset of diabetes, kidney function, BMI, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. However, when HbA1c and smoking were added to the Cox regression model the association was no more significant. CONCLUSIONS Frequent LTPA is associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy during the follow-up. The total amount or the other components of LTPA (intensity or duration of a single session) were not associated with severe diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kustaa Hietala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Summanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki O Tikkanen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Wadén JM, Dahlström EH, Elonen N, Thorn LM, Wadén J, Sandholm N, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Soluble receptor for AGE in diabetic nephropathy and its progression in Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1268-1274. [PMID: 31127314 PMCID: PMC6559996 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE) has been shown to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The soluble isoform of RAGE (sRAGE) is considered to function as a decoy receptor for RAGE ligands and thereby protects against diabetic complications. A possible association between sRAGE and diabetic nephropathy is still, however, controversial and a more comprehensive analysis of sRAGE with respect to diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes is therefore warranted. METHODS sRAGE was measured in baseline serum samples from 3647 participants with type 1 diabetes from the nationwide multicentre Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Associations between sRAGE and diabetic nephropathy, as well as sRAGE and diabetic nephropathy progression, were evaluated by regression, competing risks and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The non-synonymous SNP rs2070600 (G82S) was used to test causality in the Mendelian randomisation analysis. RESULTS Baseline sRAGE concentrations were highest in participants with diabetic nephropathy, compared with participants with a normal AER or those with microalbuminuria. Baseline sRAGE was associated with progression from macroalbuminuria to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the competing risks analyses, but this association disappeared when eGFR was entered into the model. The SNP rs2070600 was strongly associated with sRAGE concentrations and with progression from macroalbuminuria to ESRD. However, Mendelian randomisation analysis did not support a causal role for sRAGE in progression to ESRD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION sRAGE is associated with progression from macroalbuminuria to ESRD, but does not add predictive value on top of conventional risk factors. Although sRAGE is a biomarker of diabetic nephropathy, in light of the Mendelian randomisation analysis it does not seem to be causally related to progression from macroalbuminuria to ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Wadén
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Jansson FJ, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Thorn LM, Wadén J, Elonen N, Ahola AJ, Saraheimo M, Groop PH. Regression of albuminuria and its association with incident cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1203-1211. [PMID: 29423580 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to assess regression of albuminuria and its clinical consequences in type 1 diabetes. METHODS The analysis included 3642 participants from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a 24 h urine sample and a history of albuminuria available at baseline. A total of 2729 individuals had normal AER, 438 a history of microalbuminuria and 475 a history of macroalbuminuria. Regression was defined as a change from a higher category of albuminuria pre-baseline to a lower category in two out of the three most recent urine samples at baseline. The impact of regression on cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary procedure) and mortality was analysed over a follow-up of 14.0 years (interquartile range 11.9-15.9). RESULTS In total, 102 (23.3%) individuals with prior microalbuminuria and 111 (23.4%) with prior macroalbuminuria had regressed at baseline. For individuals with normal AER as a reference, the age-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for cardiovascular events were 1.42 (0.75, 2.68) in individuals with regression from microalbuminuria, 2.62 (1.95, 3.54) in individuals with sustained microalbuminuria, 3.15 (2.02, 4.92) in individuals with regression from macroalbuminuria and 5.49 (4.31, 7.00) in individuals with sustained macroalbuminuria. Furthermore, for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates, HRs in regressed individuals were comparable with those with sustained renal status at the achieved level (i.e. those who did not regress but remained at the most advanced level of albuminuria noted pre-baseline). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Progression of diabetic nephropathy confers an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Notably, regression reduces the risk to the same level as for those who did not progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny J Jansson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila J Ahola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Tikkanen-Dolenc H, Wadén J, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Thorn LM, Saraheimo M, Elonen N, Tikkanen HO, Groop PH. Physical Activity Reduces Risk of Premature Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1727-1732. [PMID: 29038314 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to assess how baseline leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and its exercise components intensity, duration, and frequency are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes 1) overall, 2) stratified by presence or absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 3) stratified by sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study design was prospective and observational and included 2,639 patients with type 1 diabetes from the ongoing nationwide multicenter Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Mean follow-up time was 11.4 ± 3.5 years. LTPA was assessed by using a validated self-report questionnaire. Three hundred ten patients (11.7%) had CKD defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS During follow-up, 270 deaths occurred. LTPA and all its components were associated with all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for the potential confounders sex, diabetic nephropathy, duration of diabetes, age at onset of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, BMI, and HbA1c. Only exercise intensity was associated with cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for the confounders. Of the patients with CKD, 127 died during follow-up. The total amount of LTPA and exercise frequency were independently associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality when adjusted for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Exercise is associated with a lower risk of premature all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. This study also demonstrates that physical activity is associated with a lower risk of mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki O Tikkanen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Hägg-Holmberg S, Thorn LM, Forsblom CM, Gordin D, Elonen N, Harjutsalo V, Liebkind R, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Groop PH. Prognosis and Its Predictors After Incident Stroke in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1394-1400. [PMID: 28811283 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although patients with type 1 diabetes have a poor prognosis after a stroke, predictors of survival after an incident stroke in these patients are poorly studied. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this observational study, a total of 144 patients of 4,083 with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study suffered an incident stroke in 1997-2010, and were followed for a mean 3.4 ± 3.1 years after the stroke. Information was recorded on hard cardiovascular events and death as a result of cardiovascular or diabetes-related cause, collectively referred to as vascular composite end point. Information was collected from medical records, death certificates, and the National Care Register of Health Care. Predictors at the time of the incident stroke were studied for the end points. RESULTS During follow-up, 104 (72%) patients suffered a vascular composite end point. Of these, 33 (32%) had a recurrent stroke, 33 (32%) a hard cardiovascular event, and 76 (53%) died of cardiovascular or diabetes-related causes, with an overall 1-year survival of 76% and 5-year survival of 58%. The predictors of a vascular composite end point were hemorrhagic stroke subtype (hazard ratio 2.03 [95% CI 1.29-3.19]), as well as chronic kidney disease stage 2 (2.48 [1.17-5.24]), stage 3 (3.04 [1.54-6.04]), stage 4 (3.95 [1.72-9.04]), and stage 5 (6.71 [3.14-14.34]). All-cause mortality increased with deteriorating kidney function. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 diabetes with an incident stroke have a poor cardiovascular prognosis and a high risk of all-cause mortality. In particular, hemorrhagic stroke subtype and progression of diabetic kidney disease conveys worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hägg-Holmberg
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol M Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ron Liebkind
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Panduru NM, Forsblom C, Saraheimo M, Thorn LM, Gordin D, Elonen N, Harjusalo V, Bierhaus A, Humpert PM, Groop PH. Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1782-1790. [PMID: 28601908 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic nephropathy progress in parallel, thereby potentiating the risk of premature death during their development. Since urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) predicts the progression of diabetic nephropathy, the aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary L-FABP also predicts cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. METHODS We tested our hypothesis in a Finnish cohort of 2329 individuals with type 1 diabetes and a median follow-up of 14.1 years. The L-FABP to creatinine ratio was determined from baseline urine samples. The predictive value of urinary L-FABP was evaluated using Cox regression models, while its added predictive benefit for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality was evaluated using a panel of statistical indexes. RESULTS Urinary L-FABP predicted incident stroke independently of traditional risk factors (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.20, 1.49]) and after further adjustment for eGFR (HR 1.28 [95% CI 1.14, 1.44]) or AER (HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.06, 1.44]). In addition, it predicted mortality independently of traditional risk factors (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.24, 1.45]), and after adjustment for eGFR (HR 1.29 [95% CI 1.18, 1.39]) or AER (HR 1.22 [95% CI 1.09, 1.36]). Urinary L-FABP was as good a predictor as eGFR or AER, and improved the AUC for both outcomes on top of traditional risk factors, with no reclassification benefit (integrated discrimination improvement/net reclassification improvement) for stroke or mortality when AER or eGFR were added to traditional risk factors. However, urinary L-FABP was not a predictor of other cardiovascular endpoints (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and overall CVD events) when adjusted for the AER. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Urinary L-FABP is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae M Panduru
- Second Clinical Department - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Unit, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjusalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angelika Bierhaus
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per M Humpert
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Stoffwechselzentrum Rhein Pfalz, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum 1 Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programmes Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Tikkanen-Dolenc H, Wadén J, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Thorn LM, Saraheimo M, Elonen N, Rosengård-Bärlund M, Gordin D, Tikkanen HO, Groop PH. Frequent and intensive physical activity reduces risk of cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:574-580. [PMID: 28013340 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of premature death and disability among patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of these patients. We recently showed that the intensity of exercise predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Little is known about the relationship between physical activity and CVD. Therefore, we studied how physical activity affects the risk of CVD events in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A 10 year follow-up study including 2180 type 1 diabetes patients from the nationwide multicentre Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed by a previously validated self-report questionnaire. A CVD event was defined as a verified myocardial infarction, coronary procedure or stroke. Patients were analysed separately for the risk of developing a first ever CVD event and for the risk of a recurrent CVD event following a baseline event. RESULTS A total of 206 patients had an incident CVD event during follow-up. A higher total LTPA and higher intensity, frequency and duration of activity were associated with a lower risk of incident CVD events. The observed association between exercise frequency and incident CVD remained significant when adjusted for classic risk factors. Exercise intensity also had a borderline effect on the recurrence-free time in patients with a major CVD event at baseline. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study suggests that exercise, particularly high frequency and high intensity exercise, may reduce the risk of CVD events in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Elonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Rosengård-Bärlund
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki O Tikkanen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN - 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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