Suboptimal child healthcare practices and the development of multiple infectious diseases in children aged 24-59 months

Background

Infections continue to be a major cause of death among children under the age of five worldwide. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the development of multiple infectious diseases in children aged 24-59 months in Indonesia.

Methods

Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research conducted by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, were used. Information from 39,948 children aged 24-59 months was analyzed. The outcome variable was the development of multiple infectious diseases, that is, acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, diarrhea, and hepatitis, in the month before the survey. Factors significantly associated with multiple types of infectious diseases were examined using logistic regression.

Results

The study found that 76.6% of children aged 24 to 59 months in Indonesia had at least one type of infectious disease. The likelihood of developing multiple types of infectious diseases increased in children whose parents did not practice appropriate handwashing with soap and running water [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.16, p < 0.001], those who received supplemental food (aOR = 1.38, p < 0.001), those with poor nutritional status (aOR = 1.12, p < 0.001), and those living in urban areas (aOR = 1.07, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

Improving caregivers' awareness of adequate child healthcare practices, in addition to nutrition-sensitive and specific interventions to improve children's nutritional status, is required to prevent children from contracting multiple types of infectious diseases.

Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in non-obese older Indonesians

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The problem of metabolic syndrome among non-obese older people is often ignored. This study examines the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in non-obese older people in Indonesia. We analyzed information collected from 3323 non-obese older respondents interviewed in the 2018 Basic Health Research program.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN

The outcome variable was the metabolic syndrome consisting of three components: high lipid profile, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The potential predictors analyzed were socio-demographic and behavioral factors consisting of psychomotor (cigarette smoking + physical activity) and dietary behavior (consumption of fat + fruit/vegetable). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to assess metabolic syndrome risk factors in non-obese older people.

RESULTS

We found that the proportion of non-obese older people in Indonesia with metabolic syndrome was 83.8% (95%CI: 82.4-85.2%). The odds of developing 2-3 components of metabolic syndrome increased in respondents from rural areas (aOR=1.26, p=0.033) and those with moderate psychomotor behavior problems (current smoker/ex-smoker with sufficient physical activity) (aOR=1.48, p=0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Health promotion activities are vital to improve awareness and promote healthy behaviors, specifically for those living in rural areas and smoking cigarettes.

Stigma during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in greater Jakarta metropolitan area: a cross-sectional online study

Background: COVID-19, which started in Wuhan, has become a global pandemic leading to a new global risk to human health. Lack of information or misinformation about COVID-19 can lead to stigmatization, including for health workers. This study aims to determine the stigmatization among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic within the Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted online using Google Forms in the Jabodetabek area. The questionnaire’s link was distributed through social media, including Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. The study sample is health workers who live in Jabodetabek and carry out health practices. Stigma is measured using four dimensions: personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, public attitudes, and negative self-image. Result: The negative self-image dimension is the dimension most felt by health workers. More than half of health workers agreed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, they put their families at risk because of their status as health workers. The stigma of health workers who work in hospitals is higher than that of non-hospital health workers, such as health centers, clinics, and laboratories. Conclusion: There was any stigmatization among healthcare workers in Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Stigmatization was higher among healthcare workers who work in hospitals compared to those who work in non-hospitals. Some efforts should be made to reduce stigmatization among health workers, such as provide correct information to the public, equip health personnel with adequate personal protective equipment, and give incentives periodically to the health workers. Keywords: Stigma, COVID-19, healthcare workers, Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area Abstrak Latar belakang: COVID-19 yang bermula dari Wuhan telah menjadi pandemi global yang mengancam kesehatan umat manusia. Kurangnya informasi atau informasi yang salah mengenai COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan adanya stigmatisasi termasuk terhadap tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini menilai adanya stigmatisasi terhadap tenaga kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19 di wilayah Jabodetabek. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dan dilakukan secara daring menggunakan Google Form di wilayah Jabodetabek. Tautan pengisian kuesioner disebarkan melalui media sosial seperti Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter dan Instagram. Sampel studi adalah tenaga kesehatan yang tinggal di Jabodetabek dan melakukan praktik kesehatan. Stigma diukur menggunakan empat dimensi yaitu personized stigma, disclosure concerns, concerns about public attitudes dan negative self-image. Hasil: Dimensi negative self-image merupakan dimensi yang paling dirasakan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Lebih dari separuh tenaga kesehatan setuju bahwa selama pandemi COVID-19 mereka membahayakan keluarga mereka karena status mereka sebagai tenaga kesehatan. Stigma pada tenaga kesehatan yang bekerja di rumah sakit lebih tinggi disbanding tenaga kesehatan yang bekerja bukan di rumah sakit seperti puskesmas, klinik dan laboratorium. Kesimpulan: Terdapat stigmatisasi pada petugas kesehatan di jabodetabek. Stigmatisasi lebih tinggi di antara petugas kesehatan yang bekerja di rumah sakit dibandingkan dengan mereka yang bekerja tidak di rumah sakit. Beberapa upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi stigmatisasi di kalangan petugas kesehatan, seperti memberikan informasi yang benar kepada masyarakat, melengkapi tenaga kesehatan dengan alat pelindung diri yang memadai, dan memberikan insentif kepada mereka secara berkala. Kata Kunci:   Stigma, COVID-19, tenaga kesehatan, jabodetabek        

Penyebab Kematian di Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2010-2012

Abstract Cause of death statistics is one of key indicators to determine the health status of Gianyar community for 3 years (2010-2012) as part of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) study. The instruments used were Verbal Autopsy (AV) questionnaire and Causes of Death Form (FKPK). Data were collected from 13 puskesmas and 4 hospitals and analyzed descriptively according to ICD 10. Based on demoghraphic characteristics, the number of deaths is higher among males and older groups, and mostly occurred at home. The highest cause of death is non- communicable diseases (stroke, COPD, IHD, and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri) followed by communicable diseases (TB and diarrhoea) and transportation accidents. The top ten causes of death in Gianyar show that a non-communicable and communicable diseases would be a double burden for health services. It is essential to establish integrated posts for elderly and NCD, and measures for prevention of TB transmissions and treaments as well as early detection malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri for women had married or sexually active, and to increase the implementation of safe traffic programs. Keywords : cause of death, vital registration, Gianyar Abstrak Penyebab kematian merupakan salah satu indikator kunci untuk menggambarkan status kesehatan masyarakat di masyarakat Gianyar sebagai bagian dari penelitian registrasi sipil dan statistik vital selama 3 tahun (2010-2012) dengan menggunakan kuesioner Autopsi Verbal (AV) dan Formulir Keterangan Penyebab Kematian (FKPK) dari WHO. Data kematian dikumpulkan dari 13 puskesmas dan 4 rumah sakit, dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif, dengan pengelompokan penyebab kematian berdasarkan ICD 10. Berdasarkan karakteristik demografi jumlah kematian lebih banyak laki-laki, kelompok umur tua, dan di rumah. Penyebab kematian tertinggi disebabkan oleh penyakit tidak menular (stroke, PPOK PJK, dan kanker serviks.) diikuti penyakit menular (TB dan diare) dan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Sepuluh besar penyebab kematian terbanyak memperlihatkan adanya penyakit tidak menular dan menular yang merupakan beban ganda bagi pelayanan kesehatan yang harus dihadapi dalam pembangunan bidang kesehatan. Perlunya prioritas program promotif dan preventif seperti mengaktifkan posbindu (Pos Pembinaan Terpadu) lansia dan PTM, sosialisasi tentang upaya pencegahan penularan TB dan adanya program OAT gratis, deteksi dini kanker serviks pada wanita yang sudah menikah atau berhubungan seksual, dan penegakkan peraturan tata tertib pengguna jalan raya lebih ditingkatkan.Kata kunci : pola penyebab kematian, vital registrasi, Gianyar