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Carter E, Schatz D, Isaacs N, Garcia J, Henry B, Krawczyk N, Williams AR. Application of an opioid use disorder cascade of care in a large public health system. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2024; 50:181-190. [PMID: 38386810 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2302500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: Over the past decade, hospitals and health systems have increasingly adopted interventions to address the needs of patients with substance use disorders. The Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Cascade of Care provides a framework for organizing and tracking patient health milestones over time and can assist health systems in identifying areas of intervention to maximize the impact of evidence-based services. However, detailed protocols are needed to guide health systems in how to operationalize the OUD Cascade and track outcomes using electronic health records.Objective: In this paper, we describe the process of operationalizing and applying the OUD Cascade in a large, urban, public hospital system.Methods: Through this case example, we describe the technical processes around data mining, as well as the decision-making processes, challenges encountered, lessons learned from compiling preliminary patient data and defining stages and outcome measures for the OUD Cascade of Care, and preliminary dataResults: We identified 33,616 (26.17% female) individuals with an OUD diagnosis. Almost half (48%) engaged with addiction services, while only 10.7% initiated medication-based treatment in an outpatient setting, 6.7% had timely follow-up, and 3.5% were retained for a minimum of 6 months.Conclusion: The current paper serves as a primer for other health systems seeking to implement data-informed approaches to guide more efficient care and improved substance use-related outcomes. An OUD Cascade of Care must be tailored to local systems based on inherent data limitations and services design with an emphasis on early stages wherein drop-off is the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Carter
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Schatz
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah Isaacs
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Garcia
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandy Henry
- College of Education, Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Noa Krawczyk
- Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Robin Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Carter E, Schatz D, Isaacs N, Garcia J, Henry B, Krawczyk N, Williams AR. Application of an Opioid Use Disorder Cascade of Care in a Large Public Health System. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.19.23297271. [PMID: 37905052 PMCID: PMC10614983 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.23297271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Over the past decade, hospitals and health systems have increasingly adopted interventions to address the needs of patients with substance use disorders. The Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Cascade of Care provides a framework for organizing and tracking patient health milestones over time, and can assist health systems in identifying areas of intervention to prevent overdose and maximize the impact of evidence-based services for patients with OUD. However, detailed protocols are needed to guide health systems in how to operationalize the OUD Cascade and track outcomes using their systems' electronic medical records (EMR). Objective In this paper, we describe the process of operationalizing and implementing the OUD Cascade in one large, urban, public hospital system. Methods Through this case example, we describe the technical processes around data mining, as well as the decision-making processes, challenges encountered, and lessons learned from compiling patient data and defining stages and outcome measures for the OUD Cascade of Care. The current established framework and process will set the stage for subsequent research studies that quantify and evaluate patient progression through each stage of OUD treatment across the health system and identify target areas for quality improvement initiatives to better engage patients in care and improve health outcomes. Results The current paper can therefore serve as a primer for other health systems seeking to implement a data-informed approach to guide more efficient care and improved substance use-related outcomes. Conclusion An OUD Cascade of Care must be tailored to local systems based on inherent data limitations and services design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Carter
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Schatz
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY
| | - Noah Isaacs
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY
| | - Juan Garcia
- NYC Health + Hospitals Office of Behavioral Health, New York, NY
| | - Brandy Henry
- College of Education, Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Noa Krawczyk
- New York University Department of Population Health, New York, NY
| | - Arthur Robin Williams
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
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Tofighi B, Isaacs N, Byrnes-Enoch H, Lakew R, Lee JD, Berry C, Schatz D. Expanding treatment for opioid use disorder in publicly funded primary care clinics: Exploratory evaluation of the NYC health + hospitals buprenorphine ECHO program. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 106:1-3. [PMID: 31540604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO) offers an innovative and low-cost approach to enhancing the management of complex conditions among primary care providers. The NYC Health + Hospitals Buprenorphine ECHO (H + H ECHO) program offers primary care providers (PCPs) training and support in managing opioid use disorder (OUD). This exploratory study assessed the feasibility of a 16-session video conferencing platform led by Addiction Medicine experts in improving addiction knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, and buprenorphine prescribing among PCPs located in 17 publicly-funded ambulatory care clinics. A pre- and post-training survey assessed changes in knowledge and self-efficacy. Buprenorphine prescribing patterns were also captured pre-post training. Training sessions consisted of a review of the agenda by the H + H ECHO hub team, 15-30 min didactic lectures led by specialists, followed by a patient case presentation. Participants attended an average of 9 lectures (range, 1-15 sessions) and 53% of trainees attended at least 10 of the 16 sessions. Perceived self-efficacy improved post-H + H ECHO (73.2%) versus pre-training survey results (58.1%). There were minimal increases in knowledge post-training (58.4%) versus pre-training (51.4%). Only three additional providers reported prescribing Buprenorphine post-training (n = 10) versus pre-training (n = 7). Suggestions for improving H + H ECHO included trainings addressing stigma, administrative support, improved referrals to office-based opioid treatment (OBOT), integration of non-physician staff (i.e., case management, social work), and combining multimodal learning strategies (i.e., podcasts, web-based modules) with videoconferencing. This study demonstrates the feasibility of H + H ECHO among PCPs in publicly-funded clinics and improvements in self-efficacy. Studies are needed to identify alternative strategies to improve knowledge and prescribing of buprenorphine post-H + H ECHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Tofighi
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, United States of America; New York University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, United States of America; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, NYU College of Global Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Noah Isaacs
- NYC Health+Hospitals, United States of America
| | | | | | - Joshua D Lee
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, United States of America; New York University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, United States of America; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, NYU College of Global Public Health, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Berry
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schatz
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, United States of America; New York University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, United States of America; NYC Health+Hospitals, United States of America
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Gut H, Bumann M, Riboldi-Tunnicliffe A, Mitchell T, Isaacs N, Walsh MA. Structural studies of verified virulence factors from S. pneumoniae. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730709959x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Teixeira S, Forsyth T, Haertlein M, Timmins P, Gardiner A, Cogdell R, Isaacs N. Neutron crystallographic studies on the Rb. sphaeroides 2.4.1reaction centre. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307096833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cao Z, Gourlay L, Isaacs N, Lindsay G. Structure-function analysis of a novel mitochondrial antioxidant protein. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Konstantinidis KT, Isaacs N, Fett J, Simpson S, Long DT, Marsh TL. Microbial diversity and resistance to copper in metal-contaminated lake sediment. Microb Ecol 2003; 45:191-202. [PMID: 12545313 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-002-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 10/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of habitats with heavy metals has become a worldwide problem. We describe herein the analysis of lake sediment contaminated with high concentrations of copper as a consequence of mine milling disposal over a 100-year period. Copper concentrations in the sediment were found to vary with depth and ranged from 200 to 5500 ppm. Analysis of the microbial community with T-RFLP identified a minimum of 20 operational taxonomic units (OTU). T-RFLP analysis along a depth profile detected as many as nine shared OTUs across 15 centimeters, suggesting a conservation of community structure over this range. Only two genera, Arthrobacter and Ralstonia, were detected among 50 aerobic copper-resistant isolates cultivated on R2A, one of which (Ralstonia sp.) was characterized by the sequestration of copper, identified by electron diffraction scanning, in growing colonies. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes to the outer envelope of the cells when grown in the presence of copper. The copper-resistant Ralstonia isolates were also resistant to Ni, Cd, and Zn, showing two patterns of phenotypic resistant to these three metals in which either resistance to Zn or Ni was expressed in an isolate but never both.
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MESH Headings
- Arthrobacter/drug effects
- Arthrobacter/growth & development
- Arthrobacter/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Copper/analysis
- Copper/toxicity
- Cupriavidus necator/drug effects
- Cupriavidus necator/genetics
- Cupriavidus necator/growth & development
- Cupriavidus necator/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Fresh Water/microbiology
- Geologic Sediments/chemistry
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Water Microbiology
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Konstantinidis
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Watts C, Antoniou A, Manoury B, Hewitt EW, Mckay LM, Grayson L, Fairweather NF, Emsley P, Isaacs N, Simitsek PD. Modulation by epitope-specific antibodies of class II MHC-restricted presentation of the tetanus toxin antigen. Immunol Rev 1998; 164:11-6. [PMID: 9795759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Above a certain affinity the dissociation rate of monovalent antigen from antibody becomes slower than the time taken for antigen capture, endocytosis and processing by professional antigen presenting cells. Thus, when high affinity antibodies drive antigen uptake, either directly via B-cell membrane immunoglobulin or indirectly via Fc receptors, the substrate for processing may frequently be an antigen/antibody complex. Here we review studies using the tetanus toxin antigen which show that bound antibodies can dramatically affect proteolytic processing, dependent on the epitope specificity and multiplicity of antibodies bound. Certain antibodies protect or 'footprint' specific domains of the antigen during processing in B-cell clones resulting in modulation of loading of class II MHC-restricted T-cell epitopes. Processing and class II MHC loading of some T-cell epitopes within the footprinted region was hindered, as might be expected, but, surprisingly, presentation of other T-cell epitopes was boosted considerably. These studies show that protein/protein complexes can be processed in an unpredictable fashion by antigen presenting cells and indicate a possible mechanism whereby cryptic T-cell epitopes might be revealed in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, UK.
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Berger P, Bidart JM, Delves PS, Dirnhofer S, Hoermann R, Isaacs N, Jackson A, Klonisch T, Lapthorn A, Lund T, Mann K, Roitt I, Schwarz S, Wick G. Immunochemical mapping of gonadotropins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 125:33-43. [PMID: 9027341 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(96)03943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As a glycoprotein hormone, human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG) is not a single molecular entity but this term rather comprises an array of molecular variants such as hCG, hCG beta, hCGn, hCG beta n, hCG beta cf, -CTPhCG, hCG beta CTP, deglyhCG, asialohCG, hCGav and the closely related molecules hLH, hLH beta and hLH beta ef. The advent of monoclonal antibodies (MCA), the availability of ultrasensitive detection systems and the recent determination of the crystal structure of hCG, made it possible to design special purpose diagnostic and clinical research immunoassays for hCG-like molecules. For more than a decade we and others have tried to refine epitope maps for hCG and related molecules by means of a large panel of MCA, naturally occurring metabolic variants of hCG (hCGn, hCG beta, hCG alpha, hCG beta cf, hCG beta CTP), homologous hormones and subunits of various species (e.g. hLH, hLH beta, hFSH, hTSH, oLH, rLH beta), chemically modified molecules (deglyhCG, asialohCG, tryptic and chymotryptic hCG beta and hCG alpha fragments) and synthetic peptides (octapeptides and longer). It appeared that all epitopes on molecular hCG-variants recognized by our MCA are determined by the protein backbone. Except for the two major epitopes on hCG beta CTP and parts of two antigenic domains on hCG alpha, epitopes on hCG-derived molecules are determined by the tertiary and quarternary structure. Operationally useful descriptive epitope maps were designed including information on assay suitability of antigenic determinants. On this basis we established ultrasensitive time-resolved fluoroimmuno-assays for hCG, hCG and hCGn, hCG beta and hCG beta n and hCG beta cf, hCG alpha and additional assays recognizing different spectra of hCG-variants. Such assay have been applied by us and others to the detection of pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, choriocarcinoma, testicular cancer, other cancers and prenatal diagnosis. However, as the molecular structure of many epitopes utilized in immunoassays of different laboratories was not resolved, comparability of results was not satisfactory. Consequently, attempts were made to compare schematic epitope maps from different research institutions. The situation has been much improved by solving the three-dimensional (3D) structure of hCG. It has been shown that hCG is a member of the structural superfamily of cystine knot growth factors like NGF, PDGF-B and TGF-beta. Each of its subunits is stabilized in its topology by three disulfide bonds forming a cystine knot. Moreover, it turned out that the disulfide bridges in their majority have previously been wrongly assigned. Computer molecular modeling of crystallographic coordinates of hCG and subsequent selective combined--PCR-based and immunological--mutational analyses of hCG beta expressed via the transmembrane region of a MHC molecule made it possible to more precisely localize epitopes on hCG-derived molecules. Although the entire surface of hCG has to be regarded as potentially immunogenic there seems to be hot spots where epitopes are clustered in antigenic domains. These are located on the first and third loops protuding from the cystine knots of both subunits and are possibly centered around the knot itself. Ultimate answers on epitope localizations will be given by the crystal structure determination of hCG complexed with different Fabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Berger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
The crystal structure of a goose-type lysozyme from the egg white of black swan has been determined at 1.9 A resolution using a semi-automatic procedure based on the Calpha coordinates of the homologous goose protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences, Oxford University, England
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12
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Abstract
The common belief that New Zealand's climate is mild appears to be supported by the statistics of deaths directly attributable to cold. However an initial analysis of seasonality of mortality using the modified Edwards method suggests New Zealand has a greater seasonality of mortality than the more extreme climates of the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Japan or Sweden. Examination of New Zealand monthly mortality from 1976 to 1986 suggests this is driven by the seasonality of mortality of those aged 65 and over. Three surveys of temperatures within New Zealand homes have suggested that few are fully maintained in the 18 degrees C to 24 degrees C comfort range. Mean temperatures close to or below 16 degrees C were found in two of these surveys. Further research is suggested to examine the links between health and housing thermal performance. This research should combine both health and building science knowledge and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Isaacs
- Centre for Building Performance Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Cogdell RJ, Halloren E, Hawthornthwaite AM, Thunnissen MM, Freer AA, McDermott G, Guthrie N, Isaacs N, Lindsay JG, Papiz M. A progress report on the crystallographic studies on the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:39-40. [PMID: 8449320 DOI: 10.1042/bst0210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Large single crystals (up to 1 mm in each dimension) of the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 have been grown in the presence of beta-octyl-glucoside. These crystals have the space group R32 and unit cell dimensions of a = b = 119.9 A and c = 297.0 A. Recently we have improved our crystallization procedures so that all crystals now diffract reliably to beyond 3.5 A, with some diffracting to below 3 A. A range of isomorphous heavy atom derivatives have been prepared and we are now engaged in locating the heavy atom sites within the unit cell.
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McCall M, Dodson G, Eliopoulos E, Isaacs N, Niall H. The relaxin structure. Acta Crystallogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767381098887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Isaacs N, James R, Niall H, Bryant-Greenwood G, Dodson G, Evans A, North AC. Relaxin and its structural relationship to insulin. Nature 1978; 271:278-81. [PMID: 622170 DOI: 10.1038/271278a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Parker R, Isaacs N. Errata - Mechanisms of Epoxide Reactions (V. 59, I. 4, p. 792). Chem Rev 1959. [DOI: 10.1021/cr50030a602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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