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Sellers KK, Khambhati AN, Stapper N, Fan JM, Rao VR, Scangos KW, Chang EF, Krystal AD. Closed-Loop Neurostimulation for Biomarker-Driven, Personalized Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37486114 DOI: 10.3791/65177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation involves the administration of electrical stimulation to targeted brain regions for therapeutic benefit. In the context of major depressive disorder (MDD), most studies to date have administered continuous or open-loop stimulation with promising but mixed results. One factor contributing to these mixed results may stem from when the stimulation is applied. Stimulation administration specific to high-symptom states in a personalized and responsive manner may be more effective at reducing symptoms compared to continuous stimulation and may avoid diminished therapeutic effects related to habituation. Additionally, a lower total duration of stimulation per day is advantageous for reducing device energy consumption. This protocol describes an experimental workflow using a chronically implanted neurostimulation device to achieve closed-loop stimulation for individuals with treatment-refractory MDD. This paradigm hinges on determining a patient-specific neural biomarker that is related to states of high symptoms and programming the device detectors, such that stimulation is triggered by this read-out of symptom state. The described procedures include how to obtain neural recordings concurrent with patient symptom reports, how to use these data in a state-space model approach to differentiate low- and high-symptom states and corresponding neural features, and how to subsequently program and tune the device to deliver closed-loop stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Sellers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco;
| | - Ankit N Khambhati
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Noah Stapper
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joline M Fan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Vikram R Rao
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Katherine W Scangos
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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Sellers KK, Stapper N, Astudillo Maya DA, Henderson C, Khambhati AN, Fan JM, Rao VR, Scangos KW, Chang EF, Krystal AD. Changes in intracranial neurophysiology associated with acute COVID-19 infection. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 148:29-31. [PMID: 36791656 PMCID: PMC9896881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Sellers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Noah Stapper
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela A Astudillo Maya
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Henderson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ankit N Khambhati
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joline M Fan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vikram R Rao
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Scangos
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fan JM, Khambhati AN, Sellers KK, Stapper N, Maya DA, Kunwar E, Henderson C, Sugrue LP, Scangos KW, Chang EF, Rao VR, Krystal AD. Epileptiform discharges triggered with direct electrical stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Factors that modulate risk and treatment considerations. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:462-465. [PMID: 36773780 PMCID: PMC10627048 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joline M Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ankit N Khambhati
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Sellers
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noah Stapper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Elysha Kunwar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Leo P Sugrue
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Scangos
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vikram R Rao
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sak A, Stuschke M, Stapper N, Streffer C. Induction of DNA double-strand breaks by ionizing radiation at the c-myc locus compared with the whole genome: a study using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene probing. Int J Radiat Biol 1996; 69:679-85. [PMID: 8691019 DOI: 10.1080/095530096145418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced double-strand breaks (dsb) in a human colon carcinoma-derived cell line COLO320HSR were determined from the fragment size distribution of non-specifically labelled DNA and Sfi I restriction enzyme-digested DNA uniformly labelled with a c-myc probe. The dose-effect relation for the induction of DNA dsb was linear with no significant difference between slopes for the curves in the whole genome (7.2 +/- 0.3 x 10(-9) dsb/bp/Gy) and in the 130 kbp restriction fragments containing c-myc (6.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(-9) dsb/bp/Gy). The size distribution of the c-myc fragments showed deviations from the random-breakage model, indicating heterogeneity of dsb induction at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sak
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Essen, Germany
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Stüben G, Budach W, Schick KH, Stuschke M, Stapper N, Müller S, Feldmann HJ. A time-saving system for irradiations of experimental tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 1994; 170:36-41. [PMID: 8303576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental in vivo radiotherapy frequently aims at the imitation of clinically applied fractionation schedules. However, the reliability of the anesthetic procedure and limited access to the treatment machines in clinical departments are major factors complicating the practical realisation of the experiment. Therefore, a reliable and time saving system for irradiations of xenografted tumors has been developed, which allows repeated irradiations, even in relatively short intervals available for experimental irradiations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The system presented here consists of an acrylic distributor for an anesthetic gas mixture employing enflurane (Ethrane) in the center of the set-up. Ten mice are positioned radially around the midpoint of the set-up so that they can be irradiated simultaneously. The xenotransplanted tumors growing on the right hind leg of mice are placed in a predefined position, which was found to be of advantage in order to position the tumors for fractionated treatments in identical setting. Tumor-bearing mice are irradiated with 15 MeV photons generated by a linear accelerator at a dose rate of 2.5 Gy/min. One of the significant feature of the setup is the ability to irradiate in acute hypoxia which is obtained by use of an integrated tourniquet. The dose modifying effects of different gases can be investigated by simply using them as carrier for the enflurane. RESULTS With the use of the set-up several different experiments were performed so far. At most ten fractions were given, one fraction per day. Even after these repeated treatment the loss of animals due to narcosis was less than 2%. The dose variation within the treatment field was found to be less than 4% as measured with TLD dosimetry. The remaining body of the mice is shielded effectively from the direct beam as the whole body dose of mice is 8% of the total tumor absorbed dose. The efficacy of the tourniquet technique for acute hypoxic irradiations was illustrated with the use of 99mTc-labelled albumin showing a complete stop of blood flow in the clamped leg. The steep dose-response curve obtained for single dose irradiation of a neurogenic sarcoma is based on the physical and experimental precision which can be reached with the technique suggested here. CONCLUSION Due to the high dose rate and the possibility to irradiate ten animals simultaneously the set-up introduced here is greatly time saving. The versatile applicability makes the new set-up a valuable tool for tumor radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stüben
- Strahlenklinik, Universität-GHS Essen, Deutschland
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