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Plattard N, Gnanasegaran R, Krekesheva A, Carato P, Dupuis A, Migeot V, Albouy M, Haddad S, Venisse N. Quantification of the Conjugated Forms of Dichlorobisphenol A (3,3'-Cl 2 BPA) in Rat and Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:554-561. [PMID: 36649713 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous contaminant that has endocrine-disrupting effects. Chlorinated derivatives of BPA are formed during chlorination of drinking water and have higher endocrine-disrupting activity. Dichlorobisphenol A (Cl 2 BPA) is the most abundant chlorinated BPA derivative found in several human biological matrices. Recent in vitro experiments have shown that Cl 2 BPA is metabolized in sulpho- and glucuro-conjugated compounds. To date, no assay has been developed to quantify the sulfo- and glucuro-conjugates of 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA (3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-S and 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-G, respectively). METHODS A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA conjugated forms in plasma samples was developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. Quantification was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode for all target analytes using a SCIEX 6500 + tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray source operating in the negative ionization mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column maintained at 40°C and a binary mobile phase delivered in the gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Sample was prepared via simple precipitation using acetonitrile. The assay was validated and applied to rat and human plasma samples. RESULTS Linearity was demonstrated over the range of 0.006-25 ng/mL for 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-G and 0.391-100 ng/mL for 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-S. Intraday and interday bias values were in the 95%-109% range, and the imprecision <9%. Internal standard corrected matrix effects were also investigated. This method enabled quantification of the conjugated forms of 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA in plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the development and validation of an analytical method for the quantification of 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-G and 3,3'-Cl 2 BPA-S in the plasma matrix. This study is also the first report on the in vivo occurrence of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Plattard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Riciga Gnanasegaran
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Aida Krekesheva
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Pascal Carato
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
- Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Migeot
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
- Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marion Albouy
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
- Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- CHU Poitiers, INSERM CIC1402, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7267 EBI, Poitiers, France; and
- Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France
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Plattard N, Dupuis A, Migeot V, Haddad S, Venisse N. An overview of the literature on emerging pollutants: Chlorinated derivatives of Bisphenol A (Cl xBPA). Environ Int 2021; 153:106547. [PMID: 33831741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous contaminant with endocrine-disrupting effects in mammals. During chlorination treatment of drinking water, aqueous BPA can react with chlorine to form chlorinated derivatives of BPA (mono, di, tri and tetra-chlorinated derivatives) or ClxBPA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to summarize and present the state of knowledge on human toxicological risk assessment of ClxBPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search on ClxBPA in the PubMed database was performed based on studies published between 2002 and 2021. Forty-nine studies on chlorinated derivatives of BPA were found. Available information on their sources and levels of exposure, their effects, their possible mechanisms of action and their toxicokinetics data was extracted and presented. RESULTS ClxBPA have been essentially detected in environmental aqueous media. There is evidence in toxicological and epidemiological studies that ClxBPA also have endocrine-disrupting capabilities. These emerging pollutants have been found in human urine, serum, breast milk, adipose and placental tissue and can constitute a risk to human health. However, in vitro and in vivo toxicokinetic data on ClxBPA are scarce and do not allow characterization of the disposition kinetics of these compounds. CONCLUSION More research to assess their health risks, specifically in vulnerable populations, is needed. Some water chlorination processes are particularly hazardous, and it is important to evaluate their chlorination by-products from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Plattard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - A Dupuis
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86201 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - V Migeot
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - S Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Venisse
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86201 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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