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Ibrahim MS, Naing NN, Abd Aziz A, Makhtar M, Mohamed Yusoff H, Esa NK, A Rahman NI, Thwe Aung MM, Oo SS, Ismail S, Ramli RA. Medical Experts' Agreement on Risk Assessment Based on All Possible Combinations of the COVID-19 Predictors-A Novel Approach for Public Health Screening and Surveillance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16601. [PMID: 36554487 PMCID: PMC9779080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the initial phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a critical need to create a valid and reliable screening and surveillance for university staff and students. Consequently, 11 medical experts participated in this cross-sectional study to judge three risk categories of either low, medium, or high, for all 1536 possible combinations of 11 key COVID-19 predictors. The independent experts' judgement on each combination was recorded via a novel dashboard-based rating method which presented combinations of these predictors in a dynamic display within Microsoft Excel. The validated instrument also incorporated an innovative algorithm-derived deduction for efficient rating tasks. The results of the study revealed an ordinal-weighted agreement coefficient of 0.81 (0.79 to 0.82, p-value < 0.001) that reached a substantial class of inferential benchmarking. Meanwhile, on average, the novel algorithm eliminated 76.0% of rating tasks by deducing risk categories based on experts' ratings for prior combinations. As a result, this study reported a valid, complete, practical, and efficient method for COVID-19 health screening via a reliable combinatorial-based experts' judgement. The new method to risk assessment may also prove applicable for wider fields of practice whenever a high-stakes decision-making relies on experts' agreement on combinations of important criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salami Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nyi Nyi Naing
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aniza Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mokhairi Makhtar
- Faculty of Informatics and Computation, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Harmy Mohamed Yusoff
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kamaruzaman Esa
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Myat Moe Thwe Aung
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - San San Oo
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Samhani Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ras Azira Ramli
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Sultan Abdul Kader MI, Razak SS, Ramanna VR, Esa NK, Ahmad AR, Mohamad I. Challenges and Adaptation in Otorhinolaryngology Practice During Pandemic Lockdown: Experience from a Malaysian COVID-19 Hospital. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:143-150. [PMID: 34285652 PMCID: PMC8260059 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has taken the world by storm: since the first few cases appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and by June 2020 there were more than 10 million cases of COVID-19 cases worldwide. Malaysia had its first case in January 2020 and acted promptly by implementing several drastic measures to contain the disease. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health Malaysia has implemented guidelines and recommendations on the management of COVID-19. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) provides services for patients with ear, nose, throat, head and neck diseases and provides audiology, speech and language therapy, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate training. As the department’s staff is heavily involved in examinations and interventions of upper aerodigestive tract problems, the challenges are distinctly different from other specialties. This article discusses how COVID-19 affected ORL-HNS services and what measures were taken in Hospital Melaka, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Iliyas Sultan Abdul Kader
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Siti Sarah Razak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Kamaruzaman Esa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Razak Ahmad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Cleary DW, Morris DE, Anderson RA, Jones J, Alattraqchi AG, A Rahman NI, Ismail S, Razali MS, Mohd Amin R, Abd Aziz A, Esa NK, Amiruddin S, Chew CH, Simin H, Abdullah R, Yeo CC, Clarke SC. The upper respiratory tract microbiome of indigenous Orang Asli in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33402693 PMCID: PMC7785749 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much microbiome research has focused on populations that are predominantly of European descent, and from narrow demographics that do not capture the socio-economic and lifestyle differences which impact human health. Here we examined the airway microbiomes of the Orang Asli, the indigenous peoples of Malaysia. A total of 130 participants were recruited from two sites in the north-eastern state of Terengganu in Peninsular Malaysia. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the nasal microbiome was significantly more diverse in those aged 5-17 years compared to 50+ years (p = 0.023) and clustered by age (PERMANOVA analysis of the Bray-Curtis distance, p = 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity scores revealed six microbiome clusters. The largest cluster (n = 28; 35.4%) had a marked abundance of Corynebacterium. In the oral microbiomes Streptococcus, Neisseria and Haemophilus were dominant. Using conventional microbiology, high levels of Staphylococcus aureus carriage were observed, particularly in the 18-65 age group (n = 17/36; 47.2% 95% CI: 30.9-63.5). The highest carriage of pneumococci was in the <5 and 5 to 17 year olds, with 57.1% (4/7) and 49.2% (30/61), respectively. Sixteen pneumococcal serotypes were identified, the most common being the nonvaccine-type 23A (14.6%) and the vaccine-type 6B (9.8%). The prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes covered by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines support introduction into a Malaysian national immunisation schedule. In addition, the dominance of Corynebacterium in the airway microbiomes is intriguing given their role as a potentially protective commensal with respect to acute infection and respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Cleary
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Denise E Morris
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rebecca A Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Salwani Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sayuti Razali
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Mohd Amin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aniza Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kamaruzaman Esa
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Salman Amiruddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hoong Chew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hafis Simin
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Akademi Seni Budaya dan Warisan Kebangsaan, (ASWARA), Jalan Tun Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramle Abdullah
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Stuart C Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Translational Research, IMU Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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