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Alkhudair N, Alrayes F, Alsehli D, AlRayes S. Virtual reality in experiential pharmacy education: A quasi-experimental study. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102028. [PMID: 38558887 PMCID: PMC10981153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extended reality (XR) technologies are an umbrella term for simulated-based learning tools that cover 3-dimensional technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). At King Saud University, first-year pharmacy students are required to experience hospital observational training during the Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE). We aimed to measure the effectiveness and satisfaction of the VR learning experience among IPPE students. Methods A Quasi-Experimental study was conducted. The experimental arm included first-year PharmD students. VR headset was used to watch three narrated videos capturing 360° views of the outpatient, inpatient pharmacy, and counseling clinic. A test measuring students' general knowledge was required prior to and post the experience, followed by a satisfaction survey. The control arm included second-year PharmD students who had traditional hospital visits and were administered a knowledge test and satisfaction survey. Results A total of 336 students were enrolled, 174 in the experimental arm and 162 in the control arm. The results showed improvement in the knowledge scores average among the experimental arm, 1.9 vs 3.5 in the pre-test and post-test. The control arm had a comparable score with an average of 3.7. Regarding self-assessment using four 5-likert scales assessing pharmacist role, skills, and responsibilities, 31.8 % and 42 % in the experimental arm compared to 28.9 % and 28.9 % in the control group answered strongly agree and agree, respectively. Regarding satisfaction, using five 5-Likert scales assessing the experience time, quality, and content, 53 % and 25 % in the experimental group compared to 34 % and 23 % in the control group answered strongly agree and agree, respectively. Conclusion VR provides pharmacy students with a standardized and effective learning and training experience. The experimental arm reported higher satisfaction rates and self-reported outcomes. Thus, implementing VR experiences within the pharmacy curriculum will provide students with an advanced educational advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alrayes
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Alsehli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad AlRayes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hammoudi Halat D, Alsous MM, Al-Jumaili AA, Malki A, Ahmed KK, Hamad A, Darwish R, Thomas D, Bukhatwa S, Khdour M, Alkhudair N, Al Balushi AA, Khalifa S, Alsharif NZ, Rahal M. Pharmacy faculty experiences with student academic entitlement: a multinational study from the Arab world. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:470. [PMID: 38679702 PMCID: PMC11057156 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Academic Entitlement (AE) is the expectation by students to receive high grades or preferential treatment without significant effort. Exploring AE from faculty perspective has not been investigated in Arab colleges of pharmacy. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and perceptions towards student AE among pharmacy faculty in the Arab World. A cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous, electronic survey was sent to pharmacy faculty across pharmacy colleges in Arab countries. The survey collected demographic data, an AE measure including 17 items reflecting seven AE components, and faculty perceptions and perceived reasons for AE. A total of 345 responses were collected. The AE level was moderate (46.05 ±7.29), and the highest scores among its components were for customer service expectation (62%) and responsibility avoidance (59%). In multiple linear regression, AE showed positive significant association with faculty in clinical pharmacy departments and those having fewer years of experience. Most common complaints heard by faculty from students were requests to turn in assignments late (90%), while the most common communication issues faculty faced with students were unprofessional verbal communication (58%) and unprofessional messages on social media (57%). Poor admission criteria (40%) and existence of multiple private colleges of pharmacy (37%) were the most common perceived reasons for AE by participating faculty. This study reveals moderate AE experienced by pharmacy faculty in the Arab World, as well as common complaints, communication issues, and AE reasons. In collaboration with other stakeholders, faculty play an important role in indicating expectations from students regarding AE, and research is warranted to check if such interventions reduce AE among pharmacy students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mervat M Alsous
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmed Malki
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Anas Hamad
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rula Darwish
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dixon Thomas
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Bukhatwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maher Khdour
- Al-Quds University College of Pharmacy, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sherif Khalifa
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naser Z Alsharif
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese international University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Alnuhait M, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alotaibi L, Alharbi R, Khobrani A, Alkhudair N, Alshamrani M, Alrajhi AM. Correction: Comparative Assessment of Drug Lag for Approved Oncology Targeted Therapies Between Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the European Union. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024:10.1007/s43441-024-00653-2. [PMID: 38625647 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnuhait
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alshammari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Alotaibi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attiah Khobrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alrajhi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alnuhait M, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, AlOtaibi L, Alharbi R, Khobrani A, Alkhudair N, Alshamrani M, Alrajhi AM. Comparative Assessment of Drug Lag for Approved Oncology Targeted Therapies Between Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the European Union. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024:10.1007/s43441-024-00642-5. [PMID: 38536660 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmaceutical regulation on a global scale is a complex process, with regulatory bodies overseeing various aspects, including licensing, registration, manufacturing, marketing, and labeling. Among these, the USFDA plays a crucial role in upholding public health. The pharmaceutical industry contributes significantly to well-being by developing and distributing therapeutic agents. The journey of evaluating new pharmaceuticals involves meticulous examination through several phases, from safety and efficacy assessments to toxicity evaluation. Drug approval involves submitting New Drug Applications (NDAs) to regulatory agencies like the USFDA and EMA. However, disparities in durations contribute to the phenomenon known as "drug lag." This lag refers to delays in a pharmaceutical product's availability in one market compared to another. Addressing this issue is crucial, given its impact on patient access to treatments. METHOD This study aims to analyze the extent of drug lag, focusing on newly approved oncology targeted therapies in Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the European Union. Data for cancer treatments authorized by the USFDA, EMA, and SFDA from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2022, were collected from regulatory agency websites. The data sources included authorization letters, prescription information, and evaluation documents. We conducted a comparative assessment of drug lag for approved oncology targeted therapies between Saudi Arabia, the US, and the EU. RESULT Our analysis identified 135 newly approved oncology-targeted drugs within the specified timeframe. Of these, 71 received approval in all three regions, while disparities were evident in others. The USFDA consistently had the highest number of approved drugs, with 98.5% of drugs initially approved there. In contrast, Saudi Arabia had the lowest number of approved drugs and a significantly longer median drug lag, indicating substantial delays in drug availability. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of mitigating drug lag to enhance global healthcare outcomes and patient access to innovative therapies. Further research and collaborative efforts are essential to bridging these disparities and promoting equitable healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnuhait
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alshammari
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina AlOtaibi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attiah Khobrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alrajhi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alkhudair N, Howaidi J, Alnuhait M, Alshamrani M, Khan M, Alharbi A, Alnajjar F, Bajnaid E, Almodaheem H, Alhowimel M, Alzahrani A, Khardaly A, Alnahedh M, Elsoudi H, Alabdulkareem H, Alrashidan A, Alzahrani M, Alrajhi A. Revitalizing oncology medications access in Saudi Arabia: Current challenges and recommendations by the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024:10781552241232697. [PMID: 38377985 DOI: 10.1177/10781552241232697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer care is posing immense challenges to healthcare systems globally. Advances in screening, monitoring, and treating cancer improved patient outcomes and survival rates yet amplified the disease burden. Multiple barriers might impede early access to innovative therapies. We thoroughly examined the current challenges in oncology medication access in Saudi Arabia and provided consensus recommendations to revitalize the process. METHODS A focus group discussion was conducted. Expert healthcare providers (pharmacists and physicians) were invited to participate based on prespecified criteria. The research team conducted a qualitative analysis of the discussion to identify themes and formulate recommendations. RESULTS Fourteen experts were equally distributed into two groups, limiting the number in each group to 7. Pharmacists were 12 (∼86%), and physicians were 2 (∼14%). Ten were practicing in governmental hospitals, four representing different sectors; regulatory bodies, including Ministry of Health, National Unified Procurement Company, and Saudi Food and Drug Authority. Five themes were identified: national cancer burden, local data availability, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, patients reported outcomes, administration, and procurement. Consensus recommendations were formulated to optimize the formulary management process, enabling informed decision-making and facilitating early medication access for cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The formulary management process can be enhanced by addressing the national cancer burden, promoting local data availability, conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations, focusing on patient outcomes, and improving administration and procurement procedures. Implementing these recommendations can improve access to oncology medications and improve patient care outcomes in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jude Howaidi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alnuhait
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Khan
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atika Alharbi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Alnajjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eshtyag Bajnaid
- Pharmaceutical Care Services Administration, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Almodaheem
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alhowimel
- Unified Procurement, National Unified Procurement Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology Department, Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Khardaly
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alnahedh
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi Elsoudi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmaceutical Care Services Administration, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Alabdulkareem
- Drug Policy and Economic Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Alrashidan
- Corporate pharmaceutical planning, logistic & contracts management, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alrajhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hammoudi Halat D, Al-Jumaili AA, Ahmed KK, Rahal M, Hamad A, Darwish RM, Alsous MM, Thomas D, Bukhatwa S, Khdour M, Alkhudair N, Al Balushi AA, Khalifa S, Alsharif NZ. Academic Entitlement Among Pharmacy Students in the Arab World: A Multi-National Exploratory Study. Am J Pharm Educ 2024; 88:100640. [PMID: 38181969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's aim was to explore academic entitlement among pharmacy students in different pharmacy colleges in the Arab World and assess associated factors. METHODS This study design was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using a self-administered electronic questionnaire posted across pharmacy college networks in 10 Arab countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates). The electronic survey was administered through Qualtrics Survey Software, and its link was open from January 23, 2022 to May 13, 2022. The multiple linear regression measured the association between different predictors and the academic entitlement. RESULTS A total of 2386 surveys were received from students studying in 10 different Arab countries. The majority of responding students were male and studying in a Bachelor of pharmacy program. Students reported an agreeable attitude in 4 areas: rewards for efforts, customer orientation, customer service expectation, and general academic entitlement. In accommodation, a neutral attitude was reported, while they reported a disagreeing attitude in the responsibility avoidance domain. In grade haggling, the 3 items of the domain had different attitudes. Only 3 factors had a significant negative association with student entitlement (professionalism, GPA, and year in the study program). CONCLUSION The academic entitlement scores among pharmacy students in the Arab World were high and had a negative association with professionalism perceptions. This study finding is a call for pharmacy programs to consider the effect of academic entitlement on pharmacy education and to obtain in-depth evidence on its magnitude and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili
- University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq; The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa, USA; University of California Davis School of Medicine /Department of Public Health, CA, USA.
| | - Kawther Khalid Ahmed
- University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq; The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Lebanese International University, School of Pharmacy, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Anas Hamad
- Qatar University, College of Pharmacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rula M Darwish
- The University of Jordan, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mervat M Alsous
- Yarmouk University Irbid, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dixon Thomas
- Gulf Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Bukhatwa
- Libyan International Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maher Khdour
- Al-Quds University College of Pharmacy, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- King Saud University College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sherief Khalifa
- Gulf Medical University College of Pharmacy, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naser Z Alsharif
- Lebanese American University, School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
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Alkhudair N, Alhifany AA, Alsubaie B, Alshubaiki L, Alrajhi AM, alnuhait M. Assessing oncology providers attitudes and practices toward nonformulary drugs and mapping current obstacles in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101840. [PMID: 37961071 PMCID: PMC10638026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Formulary drug list is a continually updated list of medications routinely stocked by hospitals and other healthcare facilities and deemed effective, safe, and cost saving. Non-formulary drug (NFD) refers to medications not on the formulary, due to cost or lack of clinical data. This study aimed to examine the processing of NFD requests by oncology providers (OPs) in Saudi Arabia. Method A cross-sectional survey in Saudi oncology centers gathered perspectives of healthcare practitioners, mainly oncology pharmacists and physicians, on NFDs and request processes, aiming to understand variations, reasons for NFDs, and suggestions for an improved, unified NFDs request algorithm. Result A total of 93 physicians and pharmacists responded, 57 % were pharmacists, 43 % were physicians, and 94.6 % worked in the governmental sector. Around 31.2 % reported that it takes one week to receive a decision on their NFD request, while 28 % reported it takes two weeks to one month. Furthermore, 35.5 % of participants reported that the complete NFD process, from the initial order placement to the receipt of medications, spans a duration of 2-4 months, while 8.6 % noted a longer duration exceeding six months. The participants reported that the most common obstacles while requesting NFD were procurement delays and lengthy processing times. Additionally, 26.9 % agreed that formulary restrictions hindered medical care and 40.3 % reported delays in patient care. While 33.8 % were forced to use fewer effective options, and 22.1 % referred patients to palliative care. Conclusion The current practice of NFDs has negative consequences on cancer patient outcomes due to delays in patient care or the use of less effective drugs. Thus, we recommend having a national NFD access program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alkhudair
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alhifany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basha Alsubaie
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Alshubaiki
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alrajhi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed alnuhait
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Almuqbil M, Alturki H, Al Juffali L, Al-otaibi N, Awaad N, Alkhudair N, Alhammad AM, Alsuwayni B, Alrouwaijeh S, Aljawadi M, Alhossan A, Asdaq SMB. Comparison of medical documentation between pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinics and physician-led anticoagulation clinics: A retrospective study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101795. [PMID: 37822696 PMCID: PMC10562761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives High-quality documentation is critical in medical settings for providing safe patient care. This study was done with the objective of assessing the standard of medical records in anticoagulation clinics and investigating the distinctions between notes written by pharmacists and physicians. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from electronic health records (EHRs) was performed on patients who received anticoagulation and were observed at anticoagulation clinics from October to December 2020. Patients were monitored in two anticoagulation clinics, one administered by pharmacists and the other by physicians. The quality of the documentation was assessed using a score, and the note was assigned one of five categories according to its score: very good, good, average, poor, and very poor. The data was analyzed using Stata/SE 13.1. P value<0.05 was considered significant in all analytical tests. Results A total of 331 patients were included. While 160 patients (48.3%) were followed by the physician-led clinic, 171 (51.6%) were by the pharmacist-led clinic. The average age of the patients was 54 ± 15. 60.73% of them were female, and 90.3% of them were Saudi nationals. Warfarin was the most widely used anticoagulant (70%), followed by rivaroxaban (15.7%). Compared to physicians, pharmacists demonstrated very strong documentation (54% vs. 18%). The examination of the variables considered in the study revealed that physicians had significantly less drug-drug interaction documentation (17 vs. 71 times) or drug-food interaction documentation (23 vs. 71 times) than pharmacists. In terms of follow-up frequency, pharmacists were found to adhere to the clinic protocol (150 times) more frequently than physicians (104 times). However, there was no significant difference in therapeutic plan documentation between the two groups. (p = 0.416). Conclusion Pharmacists were more comprehensive in their documentation than physicians in anticoagulation clinics. Unified clinic documentation can ensure consistent documentation within EHRs across all disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Almuqbil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Alturki
- Department of pharmacy services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna Al Juffali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Al-otaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Awaad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayr Alsuwayni
- Corporate of Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alrouwaijeh
- Corporate of Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aljawadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Korayem GB, Alqahtani LA, Alsulaiman SH, Alhammad AM, Badreldin HA, Alkhudair N, Al Sulaiman K, Aljuhani O. Clinical Pharmacy Faculty Provision of Direct Patient Care, Challenges, and Opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143576. [PMID: 37250644 PMCID: PMC10213266 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The quadripartite mission of clinical track faculty members involves research, teaching, services, and direct patient care. However, the extent of faculty involvement in direct patient care remains a challenge. Thus, the study's objective is to evaluate the effort spent on direct patient care by clinical faculty of pharmacy schools in Saudi Arabia (S.A.) and identify factors that hinder or facilitate providing direct patient care services. Methods This multi-institutional, cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted between July 2021 and March 2022 involved several pharmacy schools' clinical pharmacy faculty members in S.A. The primary outcome was the percentage of time/effort spent on patient care services and other academic responsibilities. The secondary outcomes were the factors affecting the effort spent on direct patient care and the barriers preventing the provision of clinical services. Results A total of 44 faculty members took the survey. The percentage of effort spent on clinical education was highest at a median (IQR) of 37.5 (30, 50), followed by that spent on patient care [19 (10, 28.75)]. The percentages of effort spent on education and the length of academic experience were negatively associated with efforts spent on direct patient care. The most commonly reported barrier affecting fulfilling patient care duties was the lack of a clear practice policy (68%). Conclusion Although most clinical pharmacy faculty members were involved in direct patient care, half of them devoted only 20% or less of their time to it. An effective effort allocation for clinical faculty duties will require the development of a clinical faculty workload model that sets realistic expectations about the time spent on clinical and non-clinical duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazwa B. Korayem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Hisham Alsulaiman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alhammad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A. Badreldin
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Alnuhait M, Alharbi A, Alanizi A, Alkhudair N, Alshamrani M, Bajnaid E, Alrajhi A, Alnajjar F, Khardaly A. Implementing Oncology Pharmacy Boot Camp for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Students at a Regional Conference in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e34780. [PMID: 36909037 PMCID: PMC10005846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upon graduation, pharmacy students are expected to possess a diverse array of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. A subject-specific boot camp may support bridging the gap between the information and skills gained during clerkships, courses required for pharmacy school after graduation, and skills needed for the job market, as well as the gap between pharmacy school and residency. This research aimed to determine whether an integrated boot camp increased Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) student self-confidence and enhanced students' knowledge in oncology pharmacy. Method APPE students who attended the annual meeting of the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly (SOPA)/International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners (ISOPP) Regional Conference 2021 were voluntarily enrolled in a three-hour oncology-focused boot camp consisting of interactive lectures. Pre- and post-intervention examinations were used to evaluate student learning outcomes and their experience feedback. Result Of 118 students who attended the boot camp, 80 students who met the criteria were included in the study. The pre- and post-intervention examinations were completed by the 80 APPE students. The pre-intervention test results (mean: 66%, standard deviation (SD): 16%) increased by 21.5% after the boot camp (mean: 87.5%, SD: 12%, p = 0.001). Students scored better on each of the 10 test questions, with nine questions demonstrating a statistically significant result. Conclusion The results of this research showed that interns who participated in an oncology boot camp had a higher level of knowledge and confidence in applying key oncology concepts. Interns were satisfied with the chance to engage in the activity, and they agreed to adding boot camps to future conferences would be valuable. This research shows that it is possible to hold a transitional boot camp during conferences to better prepare students for their fields of study and increase their participation in oncology conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnuhait
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Atika Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdalrhman Alanizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, SAU
| | - Eshtyag Bajnaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alrajhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.,College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fouad Alnajjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amr Khardaly
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
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11
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Alshememry AK, Alsaleh NB, Alkhudair N, Alzhrani R, Alshamsan A. Recent nanotechnology advancements to treat multidrug-resistance pancreatic cancer: Pre-clinical and clinical overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933457. [PMID: 36091785 PMCID: PMC9449524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal and incurable forms of cancer and has a poor prognosis. One of the significant therapeutic challenges in PC is multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenomenon in which cancer cells develop resistance toward administered therapy. Development of novel therapeutic platforms that could overcome MDR in PC is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising tool to enhance drug efficacy and minimize off-target responses via passive and/or active targeting mechanisms. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made to utilize nanocarriers capable of targeting PC cells while minimizing off-target effects. In this review article, we first give an overview of PC and the major molecular mechanisms of MDR, and then we discuss recent advancements in the development of nanocarriers used to overcome PC drug resistance. In doing so, we explore the developmental stages of this research in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and gaps in the literature as well as potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K. Alshememry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Aws Alshamsan,
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12
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Alqahtani FY, Aleanizy FS, Mohamed RAEH, Al-Maflehi N, Alrfaei BM, Almangour TA, Alkhudair N, Bawazeer G, Shamlan G, Alanazi MS. Association Between Obesity and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Saudi Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1527-1535. [PMID: 35600752 PMCID: PMC9121990 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s365491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has placed a significant burden on the scientific and medical professions. The study examined the association between body mass index (BMI), stratified by category, and severe form of COVID-19, and to explore the influence of demographic characteristics and other known risk factors. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis based on COVID-19 data from the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. Data were collected for all patients admitted to three main hospitals in Riyadh region between March 1st and July 30, 2020. The effects of BMI, demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities on infection severity were investigated. RESULTS A total of 950 patients were included in the study (70% male, 85% aged younger than 60 years old). A total of 55 (5.8%) patients were underweight, 263 (27.7%) were normal weight, 351 (37%) were overweight, 161 (17%) were obese class I, 76 (8%) were obese class II, and 44 (4.6%) were obese class III. Cough, fever, and shortness of breath were the most common symptoms among overweight patients. According to the findings of a bivariate logistic regression study, class III obesity was significantly associated with a more severe form of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 2.874; 95% confidence interval, 1.344-6.149). CONCLUSION This study revealed that patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those with normal weight. This suggests that obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and influences disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani, Email
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Almangour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Bawazeer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzouqah S Alanazi
- Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Chazan G, Jupp J, Bauters T, Duncan N, Weddle KJ, Nomura H, O'Connor S, Chan A, Alkhudair N, Alshamrani M, Buie LW, Chambers P, Chieh TW, DeRemer DL, Duvivier F, Katabalo D, McFarlane T, Mckavanagh D, Mensah K, Martinez EM, Rowan G, Sae-Teaw M, Tadesse TA, Weru I, Alexander M. Impact of coronavirus of 2019 on the delivery of pharmacy services to patients with cancer: An international survey of oncology pharmacy practitioners. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:1832-1847. [PMID: 34693814 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211048892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus of 2019 pandemic has necessitated vast and rapid changes in the way oncology pharmacy services are delivered around the world. METHODS/AIMS An international survey of oncology pharmacists and technicians was conducted via the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners and collaborating global pharmacy organisations to determine the impact that the coronavirus of 2019 has had on pharmacy service delivery, pharmacy practitioners and oncology practice. RESULTS The survey received 862 responses from 40 different countries from September to October 2020. The majority of respondents were pharmacists (n = 841, 97.6%), with 24% involved in the direct care of patients with the coronavirus of 2019. Of the survey participants, 55% increased their time working remotely, with remote activities including dispensing, patient assessment/follow-up and attending multi-disciplinary rounds. Respondents reported a 72% increase in the use of technology to perform remote patient interaction activities and that participation in educational meetings and quality improvement projects was reduced by 68% and 44%, respectively. Workforce impacts included altered working hours (50%), cancelled leave (48%) and forced leave/furloughing (30%). During the pandemic, respondents reported reduced access to intensive care (19%) and anti-cancer (15%) medications. In addition, 39% of respondents reported reduced access to personal protective equipment, including N95 masks for chemotherapy compounding. Almost half of respondents (49%) reported that cancer treatments were delayed or intervals were altered for patients being treated with curative intent. A third of practitioners (30%) believed that patient outcomes would be adversely impacted by changes to pharmacy services. Sixty-five percent of respondents reported impacts on their mental health, with 12% utilising support services. CONCLUSION The coronavirus of 2019 pandemic has altered the way oncology pharmacy services are delivered. These results demonstrate the adaptability of the oncology pharmacy profession and highlight the importance of formal evaluation of the varied practice models to determine the evidence-based practices that enhance pharmacy services and, thus, should be reinstated as soon as practical and reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chazan
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, 60078University of Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, 3085Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
| | - Jennifer Jupp
- Pharmacy Services, 3146Alberta Health Services, Canada
| | - Tiene Bauters
- Pharmacy Department, 60200Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Nick Duncan
- Pharmacy Department, 156807Queen Elizabeth Hospital, UK
| | | | - Hisanaga Nomura
- Department of Data Science/Pharmacy, 444492National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
| | - Shaun O'Connor
- Pharmacy Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia.,Commissioning and System Improvement Division, 1457Department of Health Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, 8788University of California, USA
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, 47798Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Saudi Arabia
| | - Larry W Buie
- Pharmacy Department, 5803Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Pinkie Chambers
- 4919University College London Hospital NHS Trust & University College London School of Pharmacy, UK
| | - Tan Wen Chieh
- Pharmacy Department, 69844University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - David L DeRemer
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, 15505University of Florida College of Pharmacy, USA
| | | | - Deogratias Katabalo
- 227206Bugando Medical Center, Tanzania.,150778Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Therapeutics, Tanzania
| | | | - Daniel Mckavanagh
- Office of the Chief Clinical Information Officer, Clinical Excellence Queensland, 1288Queensland Health, Australia
| | - Kofi Mensah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 98763Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.,Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, 56394University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 98763Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Gail Rowan
- Pharmacy Department, 3085Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
| | - Manit Sae-Teaw
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand
| | - Tamrat Assefa Tadesse
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, 37602Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Irene Weru
- Pharmacy Division, 285569Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
| | - Marliese Alexander
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, 60078University of Melbourne, Australia.,Pharmacy Department, 3085Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia
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14
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Alhammad AM, Alkhudair N, Alzaidi R, Almosabhi LS, Aljawadi MH. Assessing the impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on patients' quality of life: An Arabic version of the Functional Living Index-Emesis. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:535-541. [PMID: 33645326 DOI: 10.1177/1078155221998447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a serious complication of cancer treatment that compromises patients' quality of life and treatment adherence, which necessitates regular assessment. Therefore, there is a need to assess patient-reported nausea and vomiting using a validated scale among Arabic speaking cancer patient population. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) instrument in Arabic, a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the influence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on patients' quality of life. METHODS Linguistic validation of an Arabic-language version was performed. The instrument was administered to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital's cancer center in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS One-hundred cancer patients who received chemotherapy were enrolled. The participants' mean age was 53.3 ± 14.9 years, and 50% were female. Half of the participants had a history of nausea and vomiting with previous chemotherapy. The Cronbach coefficient alpha for the FLIE was 0.9606 and 0.9736 for nausea and vomiting domains, respectively, which indicated an excellent reliability for the Arabic FLIE. The mean FLIE score was 110.9 ± 23.5, indicating no or minimal impact on daily life (NIDL). CONCLUSIONS The Arabic FLIE is a valid and reliable tool among the Arabic-speaking cancer population. Thus, the Arabic version of the FLIE will be a useful tool to assess the quality of life among Arabic speaking patients receiving chemotherapy. Additionally, the translated instrument will be a useful tool for future research studies to explore new antiemetic treatments among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alzaidi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa S Almosabhi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Alkhudair N, Alshamrani M, Samarkandi H, Almodaheem H, Alabdulkarim H, Alsaqaaby M, Alnajjar F, Alhashem H, Bakkar M, Bazarbashi S, Alnahedh M, Alfraih F, Alawagi M, Al-jedai A. Cancer Management in Saudi Arabia: Recommendations by the Saudi Oncology HeAlth Economics ExpeRt GrouP (SHARP). Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:115-120. [PMID: 33679175 PMCID: PMC7910134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is widely recognized as a major global health problem and is estimated to rank as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Saudi Arabia has undergone remarkable socioeconomic development in the past 40 years which has contributed to the increase in cancer incidence. The high costs of new oncology medications in combination with uncertainty of long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes highlight the importance of considering value, in terms of clinical outcomes, relative to cost. We convened a group of experts to discuss key factors impacting the current state of cancer management in Saudi Arabia and to agree on a list of recommendations, with a focus on value-based care, considering evidence, patients, and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alshamrani
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Samarkandi
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alfaisal University, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Almodaheem
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Alabdulkarim
- Drug Policy and Economic Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alsaqaaby
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Alnajjar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Alhashem
- Department of Oncology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shouki Bazarbashi
- King Abdullah Center of Oncology and Liver Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alnahedh
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- King Abdullah Center of Oncology and Liver Disease, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alawagi
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-jedai
- Alfaisal University, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Samarkandi H, Al Nahedh M, Alfattani A, Alsharif F, Bakshi N, Rasheed W, Alfraih F, Alhumaid M, Alkhudair N, Alhayli S, Alsaedi H, Shaheen M, Hanbali A, Hashmi SK, Devol E, Alseraihy A, Alzahrani H, Aljurf M. Evaluation of eltrombopag in thrombocytopenia post Hematopoietic cell transplantation: Rertrospective observational trial. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 15:285-290. [PMID: 32755559 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia remains a life-threatening late complication of HCT with an incidence of 5-20%. Currently, there is no approved drug for the treatment of persistent thrombocytopenia post HCT and platelet transfusion is the maintain stay of treatment. Eltrombopag is approved for the treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with different diseases, however; data on eltrombopag treatment post HCT are limited. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating the effect of eltrombopag on platelet recovery in patients with persistent thrombocytopenia post HCT. The primary endpoint was platelet recovery to ≥ 20,000/μL for 7 consecutive days without transfusion support after starting eltrombopag. Secondary endpoint was platelet recovery to ≥ 50,000/μL for 7 consecutive days. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included. Twelve (75%) of 16 patients became independent from platelet transfusions. Median time from starting eltrombopag to last transfusion was 60 days (range, 9-226 days). Ten (63%) of 16 transfusion dependent patients with platelet count < 20,000/μL achieved the primary endpoint. Seven (33%) patients of 21 included had successful platelet recovery (ie, ≥50,000/μL without transfusion support) and the median time to platelet recovery in patients who achieved it was 32 days (range, 13-265 days). Ten patients (48%) were able to successfully discontinue eltrombopag without recurrence of thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that eltrombopag appears to have a clinically significant impact on platelet recovery in persistent thrombocytopenic patients post HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Samarkandi
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al Nahedh
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alfattani
- Biostatistics Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Alsharif
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Bakshi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Rasheed
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Alfraih
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Alhumaid
- Oncology Centre, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alhayli
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alsaedi
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shaheen
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Hanbali
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S K Hashmi
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Devol
- Biostatistics Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alseraihy
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alzahrani
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aljurf
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alshamrani M, AlHarbi A, Alkhudair N, AlNajjar F, Khan M, Obaid AB, Khardaly A, Bajnaid E, Samarkandi H, AlAzmi A, Alabdali S, AlNahedh M. Practical strategies to manage cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly Experts recommendations. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 26:1429-1440. [PMID: 32580641 PMCID: PMC7448793 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220935564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose During COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients are considered one of the most vulnerable to infection since they tend to have advanced age, multiple comorbidities, and are often immunosuppressed by their cancer or therapy. Hence, the Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly has issued recommendations to reduce the frequency of cancer patients’ visits to oncology centers during the pandemic while maintaining the access to cancer therapy and minimize the risk of exposure to coronavirus disease. Materials and methods A qualitative methodological approach was conducted in April 2020 using a virtual panel discussion for collection of recommendations. Results A total of 12 expert oncology pharmacy practitioners shared their knowledge and experiences in managing oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants recognized many fundamental recommendations that were already applied in many cancer centers since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. On that basis, the panelists developed eight practice-related recommendations for action, with a main focus on cancer treatment modification. Conclusions In conclusion, delivering cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic carries significant challenges. This paper addressed suggestions to properly manage cancer patients during difficult times. Implementing changes in practice mandates a national collaborative effort from different sectors to guarantee the quality and continuity of care. The SOPA expert panel developed these recommendations, to ultimately contribute in maintaining access to cancer therapy while minimizing the risk of COVID-19 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atika AlHarbi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mansoor Khan
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amr Khardaly
- Saudi Oncology Pharmacy Assembly, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eshtyag Bajnaid
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Samarkandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Oncology Pharmacy Services, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah AlAzmi
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alabdali
- King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Almadina, Saudi Arabia
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