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Scholz O, Huß E, Otter S, Herebian D, Hamacher A, Levy LM, Hristeva S, Sanz M, Ajani H, Puentes AR, Hoffmann T, Hogeback J, Unger A, Terheyden S, Reina do Fundo M, Dewidar B, Roden M, Lammert E. Protection of pancreatic islets from oxidative cell death by a peripherally-active morphinan with increased drug safety. Mol Metab 2023:101775. [PMID: 37451343 PMCID: PMC10403733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a commonly used antitussive medication with positive effects in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, since it increases glucose tolerance and protects pancreatic islets from cell death. However, its use as an antidiabetic medication is limited due to its central nervous side effects and potential use as a recreational drug. Therefore, we recently modified DXM chemically to reduce its blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and central side effects. However, our best compound interacted with the cardiac potassium channel hERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene product) and the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Thus, the goal of this study was to reduce the interaction of our compound with these targets, while maintaining its beneficial properties. METHODS Receptor and channel binding assays were conducted to evaluate the drug safety of our DXM derivative. Pancreatic islets were used to investigate the effect of the compound on insulin secretion and islet cell survival. Via liquor collection from the brain and a behavioral assay, we analyzed the BBB permeability. By performing intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as pharmacokinetic analyses, the antidiabetic potential and elimination half-life were investigated, respectively. To analyze the islet cell-protective effect, we used fluorescence microscopy as well as flow cytometric analyses. RESULTS Here, we report the design and synthesis of an optimized, orally available BBB-impermeable DXM derivative with lesser binding to hERG and MOR than previous ones. We also show that the new compound substantially enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from mouse and human islets and glucose tolerance in mice as well as protects pancreatic islets from cell death induced by reactive oxygen species and that it amplifies the effects of tirzepatide on GSIS and islet cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded to design and synthesize a novel morphinan derivative that is BBB-impermeable, glucose-lowering and islet cell-protective and has good drug safety despite its morphinan and imidazole structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okka Scholz
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Huß
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Otter
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Miguel Sanz
- Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haresh Ajani
- Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Hogeback
- A&M Labor für Analytik und Metabolismusforschung Service GmbH, D-50126 Bergheim, Germany
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH & Co. KG, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Michelle Reina do Fundo
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bedair Dewidar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Scholz O, Otter S, Welters A, Wörmeyer L, Dolenšek J, Klemen MS, Pohorec V, Eberhard D, Mrugala J, Hamacher A, Koch A, Sanz M, Hoffmann T, Hogeback J, Herebian D, Klöcker N, Piechot A, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Stožer A, Lammert E. Peripherally active dextromethorphan derivatives lower blood glucose levels by targeting pancreatic islets. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1474-1488.e7. [PMID: 34118188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DXM) acts as cough suppressant via its central action. Cell-protective effects of this drug have been reported in peripheral tissues, making DXM potentially useful for treatment of several common human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pancreatic islets are among the peripheral tissues that positively respond to DXM, and anti-diabetic effects of DXM were observed in two placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials in humans with T2DM. Since these effects were associated with central side effects, we here developed chemical derivatives of DXM that pass the blood-brain barrier to a significantly lower extent than the original drug. We show that basic nitrogen-containing residues block central adverse events of DXM without reducing its anti-diabetic effects, including the protection of human pancreatic islets from cell death. These results show how to chemically modify DXM, and possibly other morphinans, as to exclude central side effects, while targeting peripheral tissues, such as pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okka Scholz
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Otter
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Wörmeyer
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Mrugala
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Koch
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miguel Sanz
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Torsten Hoffmann
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Hogeback
- A&M Labor für Analytik und Metabolismusforschung Service GmbH, 50126 Bergheim, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Piechot
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Welters A, Wörmeyer L, Otter S, Scholz O, Meissner T, Lammert E. Langzeiteffekte des NMDAR-Antagonisten Dextromethorphan in einem Mausmodell für den Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Welters
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L Wörmeyer
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Otter
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O Scholz
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Lammert
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Betazellbiologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ) Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes Forschung (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Scholz O, Denecke T, Böttcher J, Schwarz C, Mentzel HJ, Streitparth F, Maurer MH, Pfeil A, Huppertz A, Mehl A, Staab D, Hamm B, Renz DM. MRI of cystic fibrosis lung manifestations: sequence evaluation and clinical outcome analysis. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:754-763. [PMID: 28545684 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for diagnosis of pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) in comparison to chest computed tomography (CT), including an extended outcome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with CF (15 male, 13 female, mean age 30.5±9.4 years) underwent CT and MRI of the lung. MRI (1.5 T) included different T2- and T1-weighted sequences: breath-hold HASTE (half Fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo) and VIBE (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination, before and after contrast medium administration) sequences and respiratory-triggered PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) sequences with and without fat signal suppression, and perfusion imaging. CT and MRI images were evaluated by the modified Helbich and the Eichinger scoring systems. The clinical follow-up analysis assessed pulmonary exacerbations within 24 months. RESULTS The highest concordance to CT was achieved for the PROPELLER sequences without fat signal suppression (concordance correlation coefficient CCC of the overall modified Helbich score 0.93 and of the overall Eichinger score 0.93). The other sequences had the following concordance: PROPELLER with fat signal suppression (CCCs 0.91 and 0.92), HASTE (CCCs 0.87 and 0.89), VIBE (CCCs 0.84 and 0.85) sequences. In the outcome analysis, the combined MRI analysis of all five sequences and a specific MRI protocol (PROPELLER without fast signal suppression, VIBE sequences, perfusion imaging) reached similar correlations to the number of pulmonary exacerbations as the CT examinations. CONCLUSION An optimum lung MRI protocol in patients with CF consists of PROPELLER sequences without fat signal suppression, VIBE sequences, and lung perfusion analysis to enable high diagnostic efficacy and outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scholz
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Denecke
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Böttcher
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, SRH Clinic Gera, Str. des Friedens 122, 07548 Gera, Germany
| | - C Schwarz
- Division of Pulmonology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H-J Mentzel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - F Streitparth
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Pfeil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - A Huppertz
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Mehl
- Division of Pulmonology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Staab
- Division of Pulmonology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - D M Renz
- Department of Radiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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Diekmann J, Alili L, Scholz O, Giesen M, Holtkötter O, Brenneisen P. A three-dimensional skin equivalent reflecting some aspects of in vivo aged skin. Exp Dermatol 2015; 25:56-61. [PMID: 26440058 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human skin undergoes morphological, biochemical and functional modifications during the ageing process. This study was designed to produce a 3-dimensional (3D) skin equivalent in vitro reflecting some aspects of in vivo aged skin. Reconstructed skin was generated by co-culturing skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes on a collagen-glycosaminoglycan-chitosan scaffold, and ageing was induced by the exposition of fibroblasts to Mitomycin-C (MMC). Recently published data showed that MMC treatment resulted in a drug-induced accelerated senescence (DIAS) in human dermal fibroblast cultures. Next to established ageing markers, histological changes were analysed in comparison with in vivo aged skin. In aged epidermis, the filaggrin expression is reduced in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, in dermal tissue, the amount of elastin and collagen is lowered in aged skin in vivo as well as after the treatment of 3D skin equivalents with MMC in vitro. Our results show histological signs and some aspects of ageing in a 3D skin equivalent in vitro, which mimics aged skin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Diekmann
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lirija Alili
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Okka Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Renz D, Scholz O, Böttcher J, Denecke T, Huppertz A, Streitparth F, Pfeil A, Staab D, Hamm B, Maurer M, Mentzel H. Ist die Magnetresonanztomografie des Thorax bei Zystischer Fibrose vergleichbar mit der Low-dose-Computertomografie unter Berücksichtigung zahlreicher klinischer Parameter? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aurig G, Süsse H, Kothe W, Scholz O. Zur Kontrastdarstellung des Pfortaderkreislaufes nach perkutaner transperitonealer Milzpunktion. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1212361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Curio I, Ferdini R, Scholz O. Schmerzmuster bei Patientinnen mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA)*. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1047463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Scholz O. Zu einigen klinisch-psychologischen und psychophysiologischen Aspekten der Sklerodermie. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1043719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schupp W, Haslbeck M, Scholz O, Fujak A, Majer M, Spitzer A, Steigleder T, Vollus E, Watzek I, Hecht M. Erlanger Modell der Spastiktherapie (EMOS) – Aufbau eines regionalen Versorgungsnetzwerkes für Patienten mit Spastik – Struktur und erste Ergebnisse. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1032245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meyer JU, Stieglitz T, Scholz O, Haberer W, Beutel H. High density interconnects and flexible hybrid assemblies for active biomedical implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1109/6040.938305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-U. Meyer
- Fraunhofer-Inst. for Biomed. Eng., St. Ingbert, Germany
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Scholz O, Kintrup M, Reich M, Hillen W. Mechanism of Tet repressor induction by tetracyclines: length compensates for sequence in the alpha8-alpha9 loop. J Mol Biol 2001; 310:979-86. [PMID: 11502007 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural Tet repressor (TetR) variants are alpha-helical proteins bearing a large loop between helices 8 and 9, which is variable in sequence and length. We have deleted this loop consisting of 14 amino acid residues in TetR(D) and rebuilt it stepwise with up to 42 alanine residues. All except the mutant with the longest alanine loop show wild-type repression, but none is inducible with tetracycline. This demonstrates the importance of the alpha8-alpha9 loop and its amino acid sequence for induction. The induction efficiencies increase with loop length, when the more tightly binding inducer anhydrotetracycline is used. The largest increase of inducibility was observed for TetR mutants with loop lengths between eight and 17 alanine residues. Since loop residues Asp/Glu157 and Arg158 are conserved in the natural TetR sequence variants, we constructed a mutant in which all other residues of the loop were replaced by alanine. This mutant exhibits increased anhydrotetracycline induction compared to the corresponding alanine variant. Thus, these residues are important for induction. Binding constants for the anhydrotetracycline-TetR interaction are below the detection level of 10(5) M(-1) for the mutant with a loop of two alanine residues and increase sharply until a loop size of ten residues is reached. TetR variants with longer loops have similar anhydrotetracycline-binding constants, ranging between 2.6 x 10(9) M(-1) and 8.0 x 10(9) M(-1), about 500-fold lower than wild-type TetR. The increase of the affinity occurs at shorter loop lengths than that of inducibility. We conclude that the induction defect of the polyalanine variants arises from two increments: (i) the loop must have a minimal length-to allow efficient inducer binding; (ii) the loop must structurally participate in the conformational change associated with induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie Biochemie und Genetik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
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Schuettler M, Koch K, Scholz O, Stieglitz T. EINE INTELLIGENTE ELEKTRODE ZUR STIMULATION PERIPHERER NERVEN. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2001.46.s1.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Koch K, Scholz O, Stieglitz T. OPTIMIERUNG INDUKTIVER ÜBERTRAGUNDSSYSTEME ZUR ANSTEUERUNG VON IMPLANTATEN. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2001. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2001.46.s1.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
We have examined anhydrotetracycline (atc) binding to Tet repressor (TetR) in dependence of the Mg(2+) concentration. Of all tc compounds tested so far, atc has the highest affinity for TetR, with a K(A) of 9.8 x 10(11) M(-1) in the presence of Mg(2+) and 6.5 x 10(7) M(-1) without Mg(2+). Thus, it binds TetR with 500-fold higher affinity than tc under both conditions. The Mg(2+)-free binding of atc to TetR leads to induction in vitro, demonstrating that the metal is not necessary to trigger the associated conformational change. To obtain more detailed information about Mg(2+)-free induction, we constructed and prepared to homogeneity four single-alanine substitution mutants of TetR. Three of them affect residues involved in contacting Mg(2+) (TetR H100A, E147A, and T103A), and one altered residue contacts tc TetR N82A. TetR H100A and E147A are induced by atc, with and without Mg(2+), showing 110-fold and 1000-fold decreased Mg(2+)-dependent and unchanged Mg(2+)-independent atc binding, respectively. Thus, the contacts of these residues to Mg(2+) are not necessary for induction. TetR N82A is not inducible under any of the conditions employed and shows an about 4000-fold decreased atc binding constant. The Mg(2+)-dependent affinity of TetR T103A for atc is only 400-fold reduced, but no induction with atc was observed. Thus, Thr103 must be essential for the conformational change associated with induction in the absence of Mg(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Biochemie und Genetik, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Kaiser B, Paintz M, Scholz O, Kunitada S, Fareed J. A synthetic inhibitor of factor Xa, DX-9065a, reduces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo in rats. Thromb Res 2000; 98:175-85. [PMID: 10713319 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of factor Xa inactivation on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo was investigated in an experimental restenosis model in rats by using the direct factor Xa inhibitor DX-9065a. In the left common carotid artery, an injury of the vascular endothelium was produced by four external vessel clamps for 60 minutes. After 14 days, 3H-labeled methyl thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, respectively, were injected intraperitoneally. After 24 hours, both the left (damaged) and right (nondamaged) carotid arteries were removed, and the incorporation of 3H-methyl thymidine/microg protein was determined. For morphological analysis, the cells were labeled with hematoxylin as well as 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Stained vascular smooth muscle cell nuclei were counted, and the proliferation index (percentage of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive nuclei to total nuclei stained with hematoxylin) was determined. An external damage of the carotid artery induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and formation of a neointima within 2 weeks after vessel injury. As compared with control animals, single subcutaneous injection of DX-9065a (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) given 30 minutes before vessel injury significantly reduced the incorporation of 3H-methyl thymidine/microg protein and the total cell number, as well as the proliferation index. The antiproliferative action of DX-9065a was not dose dependent in the range from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg s.c. A combination of bolus injection (5 mg/kg s.c.) with continuous administration (5 mg/kg/d s.c. for 7 and 14 days, respectively) did not increase the antiproliferative effect of DX-9065a. The results indicate a role of factor Xa in the complex pathogenesis of restenosis and the usefulness of a highly effective and selective inhibitor of factor Xa to inhibit proliferative processes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
- Anticoagulants/pharmacology
- Arteriosclerosis/blood
- Arteriosclerosis/etiology
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Factor Xa Inhibitors
- Female
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Naphthalenes/administration & dosage
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Propionates/administration & dosage
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Recurrence
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kaiser
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
The fast and easy in vivo detection predestines the green fluorescent protein (GFP) for its use as a reporter to quantify promoter activities. We have increased the sensitivity of GFP detection 320-fold compared to the wild-type by constructing gfp+, which contains mutations improving the folding efficiency and the fluorescence yield of GFP+. Twelve expression levels were measured using fusions of the gfp+ and lacZ genes with the tetA promoter in Escherichia coli. The agreement of GFP+ fluorescence with beta-galactosidase activities was excellent, demonstrating that the gfp+ gene can be used to accurately quantify gene expression in vivo. However, expression of the gfp+ gene from the stronger hsp60 promoter revealed that high cellular concentrations of GFP+ caused an inner filter effect reducing the fluorescence by 50%, thus underestimating promoter activity. This effect is probably due to the higher absorbance of cells containing GFP+. Thus promoters with activities differing by about two orders of magnitude can be correctly quantified using the gfp+ gene. Possibilities of using GFP variants beyond this range are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Scholz O, Bongers A. Weiterbildung in Klinischer Psychologie/Psychotherapie – Ein Bericht über die Einrichtung eines Weiterbildungscurriculums an der Universität Bonn. Verhaltenstherapie 1992. [DOI: 10.1159/000258261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Muschter K, Scholz O. [Our experience in the treatment of Pott's fracture]. Monatsschr Unfallheilkd Versicher Versorg Verkehrsmed 1974; 77:14-9. [PMID: 4274902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Muschter K, Scholz O. [Hazards of local corticoid therapy]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1973; 67:796-800. [PMID: 4775290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Scholz O, Scholz E, Muschter K. [Experiences with choledochoduodenostomy]. Zentralbl Chir 1972; 97:1167-73. [PMID: 5079260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Scholz O, Tauchmann R. [Results and experiences with double-contrast arthrography in the diagnosis of meniscus damages]. Zentralbl Chir 1971; 96:1049-53. [PMID: 5170900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Muschter K, Scholz O. [Conservative treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in consideration of differing methods of immobilization]. Monatsschr Unfallheilkd Versicher Versorg Verkehrsmed 1969; 72:422-31. [PMID: 4248849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Scholz O, Mothes W. [Tracheotomy from the surgical and bacteriological viewpoint]. Zentralbl Chir 1969; 94:384-92. [PMID: 4984512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Mothes W, Scholz O. [Meckel's diverticulum]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1968; 110:2627-31. [PMID: 5755465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Mothes W, Scholz O. [Peritonitis in childhood]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1967; 109:2414-9. [PMID: 5301927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Mothes W, Scholz O. [Stomach resection by Billroth II in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1967; 109:340-6. [PMID: 5631623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Scholz O. [Experiences with the modified Eden-Hybinette operation]. Monatsschr Unfallheilkd Versicher Versorg Verkehrsmed 1966; 69:1-7. [PMID: 4223799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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