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Wörmeyer L, Nortmann O, Hamacher A, Uhlemeyer C, Belgardt B, Eberhard D, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Lammert E, Welters A. The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Preserves Pancreatic Islets in NOD Mice. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:223-234. [PMID: 38168730 PMCID: PMC10901624 DOI: 10.1055/a-2236-8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, a combination of immune-based interventions and medication to promote beta-cell survival and proliferation has been proposed. Dextromethorphan (DXM) is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with a good safety profile, and to date, preclinical and clinical evidence for blood glucose-lowering and islet-cell-protective effects of DXM have only been provided for animals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we assessed the potential anti-diabetic effects of DXM in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. More specifically, we showed that DXM treatment led to five-fold higher numbers of pancreatic islets and more than two-fold larger alpha- and beta-cell areas compared to untreated mice. Further, DXM treatment improved glucose homeostasis and reduced diabetes incidence by 50%. Our data highlight DXM as a novel candidate for adjunct treatment of preclinical or recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wörmeyer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Nortmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bengt Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Welters A, Nortmann O, Wörmeyer L, Freiberg C, Eberhard D, Bachmann N, Bergmann C, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Kummer S. Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Humans and Insulin Secretory Dysfunction in Mice Caused by Biallelic DNAJC3 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1270. [PMID: 38279270 PMCID: PMC10816850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The BiP co-chaperone DNAJC3 protects cells during ER stress. In mice, the deficiency of DNAJC3 leads to beta-cell apoptosis and the gradual onset of hyperglycemia. In humans, biallelic DNAJC3 variants cause a multisystem disease, including early-onset diabetes mellitus. Recently, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) has been recognized as part of this syndrome. This report presents a case study of an individual with HH caused by DNAJC3 variants and provides an overview of the metabolic phenotype of individuals with HH and DNAJC3 variants. The study demonstrates that HH may be a primary symptom of DNAJC3 deficiency and can persist until adolescence. Additionally, glycemia and insulin release were analyzed in young DNACJ3 knockout (K.O.) mice, which are equivalent to human infants. In the youngest experimentally accessible age group of 4-week-old mice, the in vivo glycemic phenotype was already dominated by a reduced total insulin secretion capacity. However, on a cellular level, the degree of insulin release of DNAJC3 K.O. islets was higher during periods of increased synthetic activity (high-glucose stimulation). We propose that calcium leakage from the ER into the cytosol, due to disrupted DNAJC3-controlled gating of the Sec61 channel, is the most likely mechanism for HH. This is the first genetic mechanism explaining HH solely by the disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Clinicians should screen for HH in DNAJC3 deficiency and consider DNAJC3 variants in the differential diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Oliver Nortmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Laura Wörmeyer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Clemens Freiberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medicine Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Nadine Bachmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.N.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (S.K.)
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Welters A, Leiter SM, Bachmann N, Bergmann C, Hoermann H, Korsch E, Meissner T, Payne F, Williams R, Hussain K, Semple RK, Kummer S. An expanded clinical spectrum of hypoinsulinaemic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:360. [PMID: 37974153 PMCID: PMC10652530 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoketotic hypoglycaemia with suppressed plasma fatty acids and detectable insulin suggests congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Severe hypoketotic hypoglycaemia mimicking hyperinsulinism but without detectable insulin has recently been described in syndromic individuals with mosaic genetic activation of post-receptor insulin signalling. We set out to expand understanding of this entity focusing on metabolic phenotypes. METHODS Metabolic profiling, candidate gene and exome sequencing were performed in six infants with hypoketotic, hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, with or without syndromic features. Additional signalling studies were carried out in dermal fibroblasts from two individuals. RESULTS Two infants had no syndromic features. One was mistakenly diagnosed with CHI. One had mild features of megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria (MCAP) syndrome, one had non-specific macrosomia, and two had complex syndromes. All required intensive treatment to maintain euglycaemia, with CHI-directed therapies being ineffective. Pathogenic PIK3CA variants were found in two individuals - de novo germline c.323G>A (p.Arg108His) in one non-syndromic infant and postzygotic mosaic c.2740G>A (p.Gly914Arg) in the infant with MCAP. No causal variants were proven in the other individuals despite extensive investigation, although rare variants in mTORC components were identified in one. No increased PI3K signalling in fibroblasts of two individuals was seen. CONCLUSIONS We expand the spectrum of PI3K-related hypoinsulinaemic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia. We demonstrate that pathogenic germline variants activating post-insulin-receptor signalling may cause non-syndromic hypoinsulinaemic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia closely resembling CHI. This distinct biochemical footprint should be sought and differentiated from CHI in infantile hypoglycaemia. To facilitate adoption of this differential diagnosis, we propose the term "pseudohyperinsulinism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah M Leiter
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Bachmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Henrike Hoermann
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Korsch
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felicity Payne
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Education City North Campus, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert K Semple
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Boldt J, Wollbrück T, Sonneborn S, Welters A, Hempelmann G. Retraction Note: Thrombomodulin in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:1048. [PMID: 37341744 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Boldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - T Wollbrück
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Sonneborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Welters
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - G Hempelmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 29, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Hoermann H, Roeper M, Welters A, Baertling F, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Kummer S. Delayed-Onset Transient Hyperinsulinism in Infants with Very Low and Extremely Low Birth Weights: A Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2023; 258:113399. [PMID: 37019330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe 16 infants born preterm with birth weights <1500 g and transient hyperinsulinism. The onset of hyperinsulinism was delayed and often coincident with clinical stabilization. We hypothesize that postnatal stress caused by prematurity and associated problems may contribute to development of delayed-onset transient hyperinsulinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hoermann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marcia Roeper
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Welters A, Tittel SR, Reinehr T, Weghuber D, Wiegand S, Karges W, Freiberg C, Meissner T, Schloot NC, Holl RW. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk profile in children and adolescents with latent autoimmune diabetes: Results from the German/Austrian prospective diabetes follow-up registry. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1602-1612. [PMID: 36334008 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To characterize children and adolescents with latent autoimmune diabetes of the young (LADY), and to assess the utility of classifying individuals as LADYs regarding their cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. METHODS Data from 25,520 individuals (age at diagnosis <18 years) of the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up Registry Diabetes-Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) were analyzed. LADY was defined as positivity of ≥one islet autoantibody (iAb+) and an insulin-free interval of ≥6 months upon diabetes diagnosis. LADYs were compared to iAb+ individuals immediately requiring insulin ("immunologically confirmed" type 1 diabetes, T1DM), iAb-/Ins- individuals ("classical" T2DM) and to those clinically defined as T2DM (iAbs not measured). RESULTS Clinical characteristics of LADYs (n = 299) fell in between those with T1DM (n = 24,932) and T2DM (iAb-/Ins-, n = 152) or suspected T2DM (iAB not measured, n = 137). Stratifying LADYs according to their clinical diagnosis however revealed two distinct populations, highly resembling either T1DM or T2DM. Particularly, CV risk profile, precisely prevalence rates of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, was significantly higher in LADYs clinically classified as T2DM compared to LADYs classified as T1DM, and did not differ from those with "classical" T2DM. CONCLUSIONS In terms of CV risk, classifying children and adolescents with diabetes as LADYs provides no additional benefit. Instead, clinical diagnosis seems to better assign individuals to appropriate risk groups for increased CV risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha R Tittel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten-Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram Karges
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Clemens Freiberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Nanette C Schloot
- Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Enczmann J, Balz V, Hoffmann M, Kummer S, Reinauer C, Döing C, Förtsch K, Welters A, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Jacobsen M, Seyfarth J. Next Generation Sequencing Identifies the HLA-DQA1*03:03 Allele in the Type 1 Diabetes Risk-Associated HLA-DQ8 Serotype. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121879. [PMID: 34946827 PMCID: PMC8701008 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest genetic type 1 diabetes risk is conferred by HLA class II haplotypes defined by alleles at the HLA-DR and -DQ loci. The combination of HLA-DQA1*03:01 and DQB1*03:02 alleles (summarized as ‘HLA-DQ8′) is reported to be among the two most prevalent HLA class II haplotypes in Caucasian type 1 diabetes patients. This classification is based on conventional genotyping of exon 2 of the DQ gene locus and excludes exon 3. In this study, HLA genotyping on the type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 was performed using a high-resolution next generation sequencing method. In addition to the routinely examined exon 2, exon 3 was also sequenced. Samples from 229 children with type 1 diabetes were included and compared to a cohort of 9,786 controls. In addition to previously described HLA-DQ haplotypes in type 1 diabetes patients, we found that as well as HLA-DQA1*03:01,HLA-DQA1*03:03 also contributed to HLA-DQ8. HLA-DQA1*03:03 differs from HLA-DQA1*03:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 3 at position 160, leading to a single amino acid replacement. DRB1*04:05 was exclusively associated with DQA1*03:03 whereas the DRB1*04:01 haplotype comprised either DQA1*03:01 or DQA1*03:03. Significantly increased type 1 diabetes risk was confirmed for all these haplotypes with only minor differences between DQA1*03:01 and DQA1*03:03 alleles. This study identified the HLA-DQA1*03:03 allele as an addition to the already known type 1 diabetes risk haplotypes, and can contribute to more precise HLA genotyping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Enczmann
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (J.E.); (V.B.)
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (J.E.); (V.B.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Carsten Döing
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Katharina Förtsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Marc Jacobsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Julia Seyfarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (C.R.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (A.W.); (E.M.); (T.M.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Scholz O, Otter S, Welters A, Wörmeyer L, Dolenšek J, Klemen MS, Pohorec V, Eberhard D, Mrugala J, Hamacher A, Koch A, Sanz M, Hoffmann T, Hogeback J, Herebian D, Klöcker N, Piechot A, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Stožer A, Lammert E. Peripherally active dextromethorphan derivatives lower blood glucose levels by targeting pancreatic islets. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1474-1488.e7. [PMID: 34118188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DXM) acts as cough suppressant via its central action. Cell-protective effects of this drug have been reported in peripheral tissues, making DXM potentially useful for treatment of several common human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pancreatic islets are among the peripheral tissues that positively respond to DXM, and anti-diabetic effects of DXM were observed in two placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials in humans with T2DM. Since these effects were associated with central side effects, we here developed chemical derivatives of DXM that pass the blood-brain barrier to a significantly lower extent than the original drug. We show that basic nitrogen-containing residues block central adverse events of DXM without reducing its anti-diabetic effects, including the protection of human pancreatic islets from cell death. These results show how to chemically modify DXM, and possibly other morphinans, as to exclude central side effects, while targeting peripheral tissues, such as pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okka Scholz
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Silke Otter
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Wörmeyer
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Mrugala
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hamacher
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela Koch
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miguel Sanz
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Torsten Hoffmann
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Hogeback
- A&M Labor für Analytik und Metabolismusforschung Service GmbH, 50126 Bergheim, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Piechot
- Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Center of Competence for Innovative Diabetes Therapy (KomIT), German Diabetes Center (DDZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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9
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Welters A, Tittel SR, Laubner K, Laimer M, Tschöpe D, Mader JK, Merger S, Milek S, Kummer S, Holl RW. Long-term trends of BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with type 1 diabetes: An observational study from the German/Austrian DPV registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108973. [PMID: 34302914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse time-trends in BMI, obesity and cardiometabolic risk in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up registry DPV. METHODS Data from 62,519 individuals with T1DM (age ≥ 18 years, BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2) were analysed. Multivariable regression models were used to determine time-trends in BMI, obesity and cardiometabolic risk and to identify predictors for increasing BMI. Results were compared to the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) data for Germany. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2018 mean BMI increased from 25.0 kg/m2 to 26.2 kg/m2 in individuals with T1DM. This trend was most pronounced in young and middle-aged individuals (>21-55 years of age) and in those with higher baseline BMI. Insulin dose and diabetes duration were associated with increasing BMI. Between 1999 and 2016, the prevalence of obesity increased 1.8-fold in individuals with T1DM and 1.4-fold among the German population, respectively (NCD-RisC). Approximately 50-70% of individuals with obesity were insufficiently treated for hypertension and/or dyslipidaemia. CONCLUSION In adults with T1DM the prevalence of obesity is increasing at a faster pace than in the German population. BMI needs to be closely monitored, particularly during young adulthood, and cardiovascular risk factors need to be controlled better to prevent CVD and premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sascha R Tittel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Laubner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Laimer
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diethelm Tschöpe
- Diabeteszentrum am Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Julia K Mader
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrun Merger
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition Medicine, Clinic Coburg, German; University of Split, Croatia
| | - Susanne Milek
- Diabetes Practice and Training Centre Dr. med. Karsten Milek, Hohenmoelsen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Hoermann H, El-Rifai O, Schebek M, Lodefalk M, Brusgaard K, Bachmann N, Bergmann C, Roeper M, Welters A, Salimi Dafsari R, Blankenstein O, Mayatepek E, Christesen H, Meissner T, Kummer S. Comparative meta-analysis of Kabuki syndrome with and without hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:346-354. [PMID: 32533869 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Kabuki syndrome (KS), caused by pathogenic variants in KMT2D or KDM6A, is associated with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) in 0.3%-4% of patients. We characterized the clinical, biochemical and molecular data of children with KS and HH compared to children with KS without HH in a multicentre meta-analysis. METHODS Data of seven new and 17 already published children with KS and HH were compared to 373 recently published KS patients without HH regarding molecular and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Seven new patients were identified with seven different pathogenic variants in KDM6A (n = 4) or KMT2D (n = 3). All presented with HH on the first day of life and were responsive to diazoxide. KS was diagnosed between 9 months and 14 years of age. In the meta-analysis, 24 KS patients with HH had a significantly higher frequency of variants in KDM6A compared to 373 KS patients without HH (50% vs 11.5%, P < .001), and KDM6A-KS was more likely to be associated with HH than KMT2D-KS (21.8% vs. 3.5%, P < .001). Sex distribution and other phenotypic features did not differ between KS with and without HH. CONCLUSION The higher incidence of HH in KDM6A-KS compared to KMT2D-KS indicates that KDM6A loss of function variants predispose more specifically to beta cell dysfunction compared to KMT2D variants. As difficulties to assign syndromic characteristics to KS in early infancy often lead to delayed diagnosis, genetic testing for KS should be considered in children with HH, especially in the presence of other extrapancreatic/syndromic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hoermann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Omar El-Rifai
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Schebek
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes, Children's Hospital Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Maria Lodefalk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Klaus Brusgaard
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marcia Roeper
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roschan Salimi Dafsari
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Blankenstein
- Centre for Chronic Sick Children and Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Christesen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Centre OPAC, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Welters A, Meissner T, Konrad K, Freiberg C, Warncke K, Judmaier S, Kordonouri O, Wurm M, Papsch M, Fitzke G, Schmidt SC, Tittel SR, Holl RW. Diabetes management in Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: analysis from the German/Austrian DPV database. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:100. [PMID: 32321554 PMCID: PMC7178620 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) is characterized by permanent early-onset diabetes, skeletal dysplasia and several additional features, e.g. recurrent liver failure. This is the first multicentre approach that focuses on diabetes management in WRS. We searched the German/Austrian Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) registry and studied anthropometric characteristics, diabetes treatment, glycaemic control and occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in 11 patients with WRS. Furthermore, all local treatment centres were personally contacted to retrieve additional information on genetic characteristics, migration background and rate of consanguinity. Results Data were analysed at diabetes onset and after a median follow-up period of 3 (1.5–9.0) years (time from diagnosis to latest follow-up). Median age at diabetes onset was 0.2 (0.1–0.3) years, while onset was delayed in one patient (aged 16 months). Seventy percent of patients manifested with DKA. At follow-up, 90% of patients were on insulin pump therapy requiring 0.7 [0.5–1.0] IU of insulin/kg/d. More than two third of patients had HbA1c level ≥ 8%, 40% experienced at least one episode of SH in the course of the disease. Three patients died at 0.6, 5 and 9 years of age, respectively. To the best of our knowledge three patients carried novel mutations in EIF2AK3. Conclusion Insulin requirements of individuals with WRS registered in DPV appear to be comparable to those of preschool children with well-controlled type 1 diabetes, while glycaemic control tends to be worse and episodes of SH tend to be more common. The majority of individuals with WRS in the DPV registry does not reach glycaemic target for HbA1c as defined for preschool children (< 7.5%). International multicentre studies are required to further improve our knowledge on the care of children with WRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Konrad
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Elisabeth-Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Freiberg
- Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Warncke
- Department of Paediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Judmaier
- Department of Paediatrics, LKH Hochsteiermark/Standort Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Olga Kordonouri
- Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Wurm
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Hedwigs Campus, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Papsch
- Department of Paediatrics, Marienhospital, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Gisela Fitzke
- Department of Paediatrics, Ostalbklinikum Aalen, Aalen, Germany
| | | | - Sascha R Tittel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Lanzinger S, Welters A, Thon A, Konrad K, Kapellen T, Grulich-Henn J, Raddatz D, Holl RW. Comparing clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with pancreatic diabetes to patients with type 1 diabetes: A matched case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:955-963. [PMID: 31314155 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have been conducted on pancreatic diabetes and data from large epidemiological studies are missing. Our main objective was to study the most important differences and similarities between pediatric individuals with pancreatic diabetes and type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Patients <20 years of age were identified from the diabetes patient follow-up registry (DPV). Data of the most recent treatment year between January 2000 and March 2018 were aggregated. Propensity score was used to match individuals with pancreatic diabetes to individuals with T1D. Matching was conducted one-to-one by sex, age, diabetes duration, body mass index SD score (BMI-SDS), and migration background. RESULTS We studied 731 individuals with pancreatic diabetes and 74 460 with T1D. In the matched cohort of 631 pairs, HbA1c was significantly lower in pancreatic diabetes (7.4% [95% confidence interval: 7.2; 7.5%]) compared to T1D patients (8.7% [8.5; 8.8%]). Daily insulin dose (0.80 IU/kg [0.77; 0.84] vs 0.86 IU/kg [0.82; 0.90]) and insulin pump use (13.3% [10.7; 16.4] vs 22.1% [19.0; 25.6%]) were lower in patients with pancreatic diabetes. However, event rates of severe hypoglycemia were similar between pancreatic and T1D patients (8.8 [5.4; 14.2] vs 9.6 [5.9; 15.6] events per 100 patient years). CONCLUSIONS With the use of robust epidemiological data, our study improves the knowledge on clinical characteristics in pediatric individuals with pancreatic diabetes. Moreover, our results serve as a basis to reconsider treatment options and for discussing clinical practice guidelines for patients with this rare medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lanzinger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angelika Thon
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Konrad
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Elisabeth-Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kapellen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Raddatz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology und Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Welters A, El-Khairi R, Dastamani A, Bachmann N, Bergmann C, Gilbert C, Clement E, Hurst JA, Quercia N, Wasserman JD, Meissner T, Shah P, Kummer S. Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 181:121-128. [PMID: 31137009 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic aetiology remains unknown in up to 50% of patients with persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH). Several syndromes are associated with HH. We report Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) as one of the possible causes of persistent HH. Early diagnosis and treatment of HH is crucial to prevent hypoglycaemic brain injury. DESIGN Four RSTS patients with HH were retrospectively analysed. METHODS Genetic investigations included next-generation sequencing-based gene panels and exome sequencing. Clinical characteristics, metabolic profile during hypoglycaemia and treatment were reviewed. RESULTS Disease-related EP300 or CREBBP variants were found in all patients, no pathogenic variants were found in a panel of genes associated with non-syndromic HH. Two patients had classic manifestations of RSTS, three had choanal atresia or stenosis. Diagnosis of HH varied from 1 day to 18 months of age. One patient was unresponsive to treatment with diazoxide, octreotide and nifedipine, but responded to sirolimus. All required gastrostomy feeding. CONCLUSIONS Given the rarity of RSTS (1:125 000) and HH (1:50 000), our observations indicate an association between these two conditions. We therefore recommend that clinicians should be vigilant in screening for HH in symptomatic infants with RSTS. In children with an apparent syndromic form of HH, RSTS should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ranna El-Khairi
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonia Dastamani
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Clare Gilbert
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Clement
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nada Quercia
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pratik Shah
- Endocrinology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Welters A, Meissner T, Grulich-Henn J, Fröhlich-Reiterer E, Warncke K, Mohnike K, Blankenstein O, Menzel U, Datz N, Bollow E, Holl RW. Characterization of diabetes following pancreatic surgery in patients with congenital hyperinsulinism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:230. [PMID: 30577875 PMCID: PMC6304089 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy that leads to unfavourable neurological outcome if not treated adequately. In patients with severe diffuse CHI it remains under discussion whether pancreatic surgery should be performed or intensive medical treatment with the acceptance of recurrent episodes of mild hypoglycaemia is justified. Near-total pancreatectomy is associated with high rates of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Little is known about the management and long-term glycaemic control of CHI patients with diabetes after pancreatic surgery. We searched the German/Austrian DPV database and compared the course of 42 CHI patients with diabetes to that of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Study groups were compared at diabetes onset and after a follow-up period of 6.1 [3.3–9.7] (median [interquartile range]) years. Results The majority of CHI patients with diabetes were treated with insulin (85.2% [70.9–99.5] at diabetes onset, and 90.5% [81.2–99.7] at follow-up). However, compared to patients with T1DM, significantly more patients in the CHI group with diabetes were treated with conventional insulin therapy (47.8% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.03 at diabetes onset, and 21.1% vs. 6.4% at follow-up, p = 0.003), and only a small number of CHI patients were treated with insulin pumps. Daily insulin dose was significantly lower in CHI patients with diabetes than in patients with T1DM, both at diabetes onset (0.3 [0.2–0.5] vs. 0.6 IE/kg/d [0.4–0.8], p = 0.003) and follow-up (0.8 [0.4–1.0] vs. 0.9 [0.7–1.0] IE/kg/d, p = 0.02), while daily carbohydrate intake was comparable in both groups. Within the first treatment year, HbA1c levels were significantly lower in CHI patients with diabetes (6.2% [5.5–7.9] vs. 7.2% [6.5–8.2], p = 0.003), but increased to a level comparable to that of T1DM patients at follow-up. Interestingly, in CHI patients, the risk of severe hypoglycaemia tends to be higher only at diabetes onset (14.8% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.1). Conclusions In surgically treated CHI patients insulin treatment needs to be intensified in order to achieve good glycaemic control. Our data furthermore emphasize the need for improved medical treatment options for patients with diazoxide- and/or octreotide-unresponsive CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Centre for Childhood and Adolescent Medicine (General Paediatrics), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Warncke
- Department of Paediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Department of Paediatrics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Blankenstein
- Centre for Chronic Sick Children, Institute for Experimental Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Menzel
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, AKK Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolin Datz
- Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Germany
| | - Esther Bollow
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Welters A, Wörmeyer L, Otter S, Scholz O, Meissner T, Lammert E. Langzeiteffekte des NMDAR-Antagonisten Dextromethorphan in einem Mausmodell für den Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Welters
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L Wörmeyer
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Otter
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O Scholz
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Neonatologie und Kinderkardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Lammert
- Institut für Stoffwechselphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Betazellbiologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ) Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetes Forschung (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Welters A, Klüppel C, Mrugala J, Wörmeyer L, Meissner T, Mayatepek E, Heiss C, Eberhard D, Lammert E. NMDAR antagonists for the treatment of diabetes mellitus-Current status and future directions. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:95-106. [PMID: 28880473 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose levels accelerated by a progressive decline of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets. Although medications are available to transiently adjust blood glucose to normal levels, the effects of current drugs are limited when it comes to preservation of a critical mass of functional β-cells to sustainably maintain normoglycemia. In this review, we recapitulate recent evidence on the role of pancreatic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in β-cell physiology, and summarize effects of morphinan-based NMDAR antagonists that are beneficial for insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and islet cell survival. We further discuss NMDAR-mediated molecular pathways relevant for neuronal cell survival, which may also be important for the preservation of β-cell function and mass. Finally, we summarize the literature for evidence on the role of NMDARs in the development of diabetic long-term complications, and highlight beneficial pharmacologic aspects of NMDAR antagonists in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy as well as neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Klüppel
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Mrugala
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Wörmeyer
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Leiter SM, Parker VER, Welters A, Knox R, Rocha N, Clark G, Payne F, Lotta L, Harris J, Guerrero-Fernández J, González-Casado I, García-Miñaur S, Gordo G, Wareham N, Martínez-Glez V, Allison M, O’Rahilly S, Barroso I, Meissner T, Davies S, Hussain K, Temple K, Barreda-Bonis AC, Kummer S, Semple RK. Hypoinsulinaemic, hypoketotic hypoglycaemia due to mosaic genetic activation of PI3-kinase. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:175-186. [PMID: 28566443 PMCID: PMC5488397 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic activation of the insulin signal-transducing kinase AKT2 causes syndromic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia without elevated insulin. Mosaic activating mutations in class 1A phospatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), upstream from AKT2 in insulin signalling, are known to cause segmental overgrowth, but the metabolic consequences have not been systematically reported. We assess the metabolic phenotype of 22 patients with mosaic activating mutations affecting PI3K, thereby providing new insight into the metabolic function of this complex node in insulin signal transduction. METHODS Three patients with megalencephaly, diffuse asymmetric overgrowth, hypoketotic, hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and no AKT2 mutation underwent further genetic, clinical and metabolic investigation. Signalling in dermal fibroblasts from one patient and efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor Sirolimus on pathway activation were examined. Finally, the metabolic profile of a cohort of 19 further patients with mosaic activating mutations in PI3K was assessed. RESULTS In the first three patients, mosaic mutations in PIK3CA (p.Gly118Asp or p.Glu726Lys) or PIK3R2 (p.Gly373Arg) were found. In different tissue samples available from one patient, the PIK3CA p.Glu726Lys mutation was present at burdens from 24% to 42%, with the highest level in the liver. Dermal fibroblasts showed increased basal AKT phosphorylation which was potently suppressed by Sirolimus. Nineteen further patients with mosaic mutations in PIK3CA had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS Mosaic mutations activating class 1A PI3K cause severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia in a subset of patients, with the metabolic phenotype presumably related to the extent of mosaicism within the liver. mTOR or PI3K inhibitors offer the prospect for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Leiter
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria E R Parker
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General PaediatricsNeonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rachel Knox
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme Clark
- Department of Molecular GeneticsAddenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie Harris
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sixto García-Miñaur
- Departments of Clinical and Molecular GeneticsLa Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Gordo
- Departments of Clinical and Molecular GeneticsLa Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General PaediatricsNeonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susan Davies
- Departments of HistopathologyAddenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Institute of Child HealthUniversity College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Temple
- Department of Clinical GeneticsUniversity Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General PaediatricsNeonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert K Semple
- Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health ResearchCambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Corda H, Kummer S, Welters A, Teig N, Klee D, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Treatment with long-acting lanreotide autogel in early infancy in patients with severe neonatal hyperinsulinism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:108. [PMID: 28576129 PMCID: PMC5455078 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of severe diffuse congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) without sufficient response to diazoxide is complicated by the lack of approved drugs. Therefore, patients are often hospitalized long-term or have to undergo pancreatic surgery if episodes of severe hypoglycaemia cannot be prevented. A long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, has been reported to be an effective treatment option that prevents severe hypoglycaemia in children with CHI, and its off-label use is common in CHI. However, octreotide requires continuous i.v. or s.c. infusion or multiple daily injections. Here, we report our experiences with the use of a monthly application of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, lanreotide autogel® (LAN-ATG), in early infancy. RESULTS The mean blood glucose concentration within 7 days before the first LAN-ATG administration were compared to 7 days after the first LAN-ATG administration and increased by 0.75 mmol/L (range 0.39-1.19 mmol/L). In the following weeks intravenous glucose infusions, octreotide, and glucagon treatment could be successfully stopped in all patients 3-20 days after the first LAN-ATG injection without substantial worsening of the hypoglycaemia rate. Increased carbohydrate requirements could be normalized with an average reduction in the carbohydrate-intake of 7 g/kg body weight/d (range 1.75-12.8 g/kg body weight/d). Over a total of 52 treatment months, no serious adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSION Long-term LAN-ATG treatment improved blood glucose concentrations, lowered the frequency of hypoglycaemia or allowed for normalization of oral carbohydrate intake in infants with CHI younger than 6 months of age. No severe side effects were observed. LAN-ATG might be an alternative treatment option in infants with severe CHI who lack risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis and are not responding to current treatment regimens as an alternative to surgery after careful individual evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Corda
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Teig
- University Children's Hospital, Katholisches Klinikum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Klee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Welters A, Lammert E, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Need for Better Diabetes Treatment: The Therapeutic Potential of NMDA Receptor Antagonists. Klin Padiatr 2016; 229:14-20. [PMID: 27975343 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in children and adolescents. Optimal control of blood glucose concentration is essential to prevent acute and diabetic long-term complications. The options to treat diabetes have clearly improved over the last decades, however, to date neither type 1 diabetes nor type 2 diabetes mellitus can be cured. Therefore, diabetes research aims at developing β-cell protective agents that prevent or even reverse diabetes onset. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where they hold central roles in CNS function. NMDAR dysfunction is associated with several neurological and psychiatric disorders and therefore NMDAR modulators have several potential therapeutic indications. Only little is known about the role of pancreatic NMDA receptors. Our data provide evidence that inhibition of pancreatic NMDARs, either genetically or pharmacologically with the over-the-counter drug dextromethorphan, increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from mouse and human pancreatic islets, improves glucose tolerance in mice and individuals with diabetes and promotes islet cell survival under diabetogenic conditions. Thus, our data indicate for the first time that NMDAR antagonists could serve as adjunct treatment for diabetes mellitus. The development of a safe, blood glucose lowering and particularly β-cell protective medication would significantly enhance current diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Lammert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Lachmann MJ, Salgin B, Kummer S, Welters A, Döing C, Zenker M, Wieland I, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Remission of congenital hyperinsulinism following conservative treatment: an exploratory study in patients with KATP channel mutations. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:281-7. [PMID: 26581065 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During conservative treatment, congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) can resolve spontaneously. This study describes the hormonal and metabolic profiles in three patients with ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations in clinical remission. METHODS An age-adapted fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed. RESULTS All patients (aged 6-9 years) tolerated age-adapted fasting durations (20, respectively 24 h), without reaching glucose concentrations ≤2.5 mmol/L, nor developing hypoglycemia-related symptoms. Nevertheless, insulin concentrations from all patients exceeded the 90th reference percentile at the end of the fasting test (range: 4.2-15.8 mU/L). During the OGTT, one patient (patient 2; BMI: 23.4 kg/m2; age: 7 years) reached a glucose concentration of 11.4 mmol/L after 2 h (concomitant insulin concentration: 148.3 mU/L). CONCLUSIONS The insulin concentration profiles in CHI patients in apparent clinical remission range from almost complete normalization to persistent, yet attenuated, hypersecretion. The hyperglycemia, detected during the OGTT, must be further monitored.
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Marquard J, Stirban A, Schliess F, Sievers F, Welters A, Otter S, Fischer A, Wnendt S, Meissner T, Heise T, Lammert E. Effects of dextromethorphan as add-on to sitagliptin on blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, multiple crossover, single-dose clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:100-3. [PMID: 26362564 PMCID: PMC5057326 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this clinical trial, we investigated the blood glucose (BG)-lowering effects of 30, 60 and 90 mg dextromethorphan (DXM) as well as 100 mg sitagliptin alone versus combinations of DXM and sitagliptin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 20 men with T2DM. The combination of 60 mg DXM plus 100 mg sitagliptin was observed to have the strongest effect in the OGTT. It lowered maximum BG concentrations and increased the baseline-adjusted area under the curve for serum insulin concentrations in the first 30 min of the OGTT (mean ± standard deviation 240 ± 47 mg/dl and 8.1 ± 6.1 mU/l/h, respectively) to a significantly larger extent than did 100 mg sitagliptin alone (254 ± 50 mg/dl and 5.8 ± 2.5 mU/l/h, respectively; p < 0.05) and placebo (272 ± 49 mg/dl and 3.9 ± 3.0 mU/l/h, respectively; p < 0.001). All study drugs were well tolerated, alone and in combination, without serious adverse events or hypoglycaemia. Long-term clinical trials are now warranted to investigate the potential of the combination of 30 or 60 mg DXM and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of individuals with T2DM, in particular as preclinical studies have identified the β-cell protective properties of DXM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marquard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - A Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Partner Institution Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Otter
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Partner Institution Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - S Wnendt
- MLM Medical Labs GmbH, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - E Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Partner Institution Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Welters A, Lerch C, Kummer S, Marquard J, Salgin B, Mayatepek E, Meissner T. Long-term medical treatment in congenital hyperinsulinism: a descriptive analysis in a large cohort of patients from different clinical centers. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:150. [PMID: 26608306 PMCID: PMC4660626 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, only limited data on long-term medical treatment in congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is available. Moreover, most of the drugs used in CHI are therefore not approved. We aimed to assemble more objective information on medical treatment in CHI with regard to type and duration, dosage as well as side effects. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (from 1947) and EMBASE (from 1988) using the OVID interface for relevant data to evaluate medical treatment in a large cohort of patients with CHI from different clinical centers. Randomized, controlled trials were not available. We evaluated case reports and case series. No language restrictions were made. RESULTS A total number of 619 patients were medically treated and information regarding conservative treatment was available. Drugs used were diazoxide (in 84% of patients), somatostatin analogues (16%), calcium channel antagonists (4%) and glucagon (1%). Mean dose of diazoxide was 12.5 (±4.3) mg/kg ⋅ d (range 2-60 mg/kg ⋅ d), mean duration of diazoxide treatment until remission was 57 months. Side effects of diazoxide were usually not severe. The causal relation between diazoxide and severe side effects, e.g. heart failure (3.7%) remains doubtful. Mean dose of octreotide was 14.9 (±7.5) μg/kg ⋅ d (range 2.3-50 μg/kg ⋅ d), of lanreotide 67.3 (±39.8) mg ⋅ month (range 10-120 mg ⋅ month). Mean duration of treatment with somatostatin analogues until remission was 49 months. Frequent side effects included tachyphylaxis and mild gastrointestinal symptoms. The risk of persistent growth deceleration was low (<5%). CONCLUSIONS Severe side effects are rare and a causal relation remains disputable. We conclude that long-term conservative treatment of CHI is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Welters
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Christian Lerch
- Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group, Institute of General Practice, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kummer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Jan Marquard
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Burak Salgin
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany. .,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. .,University Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorff, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, D-40225, Germany.
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Jain D, Weber G, Eberhard D, Mehana AE, Eglinger J, Welters A, Bartosinska B, Jeruschke K, Weiss J, Päth G, Ariga H, Seufert J, Lammert E. DJ-1 Protects Pancreatic Beta Cells from Cytokine- and Streptozotocin-Mediated Cell Death. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138535. [PMID: 26422139 PMCID: PMC4589499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark feature of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is the progressive dysfunction and loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, and inflammatory cytokines are known to trigger beta cell death. Here we asked whether the anti-oxidant protein DJ-1 encoded by the Parkinson’s disease gene PARK7 protects islet cells from cytokine- and streptozotocin-mediated cell death. Wild type and DJ-1 knockout mice (KO) were treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS) to induce inflammatory beta cell stress and cell death. Subsequently, glucose tolerance tests were performed, and plasma insulin as well as fasting and random blood glucose concentrations were monitored. Mitochondrial morphology and number of insulin granules were quantified in beta cells. Moreover, islet cell damage was determined in vitro after streptozotocin and cytokine treatment of isolated wild type and DJ-1 KO islets using calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1 staining and TUNEL staining. Compared to wild type mice, DJ-1 KO mice became diabetic following MLDS treatment. Insulin concentrations were substantially reduced, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in MLDS-treated DJ-1 KO mice compared to equally treated wild type mice. Rates of beta cell apoptosis upon MLDS treatment were twofold higher in DJ-1 KO mice compared to wild type mice, and in vitro inflammatory cytokines led to twice as much beta cell death in pancreatic islets from DJ-1 KO mice versus those of wild type mice. In conclusion, this study identified the anti-oxidant protein DJ-1 as being capable of protecting pancreatic islet cells from cell death induced by an inflammatory and cytotoxic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Jain
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gesine Weber
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir E. Mehana
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jan Eglinger
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kay Jeruschke
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Päth
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiroyoshi Ariga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, N12 W6, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf Partner Institute, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Marquard J, Otter S, Welters A, Stirban A, Fischer A, Eglinger J, Herebian D, Kletke O, Klemen MS, Stožer A, Wnendt S, Piemonti L, Köhler M, Ferrer J, Thorens B, Schliess F, Rupnik MS, Heise T, Berggren PO, Klöcker N, Meissner T, Mayatepek E, Eberhard D, Kragl M, Lammert E. Characterization of pancreatic NMDA receptors as possible drug targets for diabetes treatment. Nat Med 2015; 21:363-72. [PMID: 25774850 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) participate in neurotransmission and modulate the viability of neurons. In contrast, little is known about the role of NMDARs in pancreatic islets and the insulin-secreting beta cells whose functional impairment contributes to diabetes mellitus. Here we found that inhibition of NMDARs in mouse and human islets enhanced their glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and survival of islet cells. Further, NMDAR inhibition prolonged the amount of time that glucose-stimulated beta cells spent in a depolarized state with high cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. We also noticed that, in vivo, the NMDAR antagonist dextromethorphan (DXM) enhanced glucose tolerance in mice, and that in vitro dextrorphan, the main metabolite of DXM, amplified the stimulatory effect of exendin-4 on GSIS. In a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), long-term treatment with DXM improved islet insulin content, islet cell mass and blood glucose control. Further, in a small clinical trial we found that individuals with T2DM treated with DXM showed enhanced serum insulin concentrations and glucose tolerance. Our data highlight the possibility that antagonists of NMDARs may provide a useful adjunct treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marquard
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silke Otter
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany. [3] German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alena Welters
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. [3] Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany. [4] German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alin Stirban
- Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
| | | | - Jan Eglinger
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany. [3] German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Kletke
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- 1] Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. [2] Center for Open Innovations and Research, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Martin Köhler
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- 1] Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. [2] Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- 1] Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. [2] Center for Open Innovations and Research, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. [3] Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Heise
- Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kragl
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- 1] Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. [2] Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany. [3] German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Marquard J, Welters A, Buschmann T, Barthlen W, Vogelgesang S, Klee D, Krausch M, Raffel A, Otter S, Piemonti L, Mayatepek E, Otonkoski T, Lammert E, Meissner T. Association of exercise-induced hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia with MCT1-expressing insulinoma. Diabetologia 2013; 56:31-5. [PMID: 23073708 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (EIHI) is a hypoglycaemic disorder characterised by inappropriate insulin secretion following anaerobic exercise or pyruvate load. Activating promoter mutations in the MCT1 gene (also known as SCLA16A1), coding for monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), were shown to associate with EIHI. Recently, transgenic Mct1 expression in pancreatic beta cells was shown to introduce EIHI symptoms in mice. To date, MCT1 has not been demonstrated in insulin-producing cells from an EIHI patient. METHODS In vivo insulin secretion was studied during an exercise test before and after the resection of an insulinoma. The presence of MCT1 was analysed using immunohistochemistry followed by laser scanning microscopy, western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR of MCT1. The presence of MCT1 protein was analysed in four additional insulinoma patients. RESULTS Clinical testing revealed massive insulin secretion induced by anaerobic exercise preoperatively, but not postoperatively. MCT1 protein was not detected in the patient's normal islets. In contrast, immunoreactivity was clearly observed in the insulinoma tissue. Western blot analysis and real-time RT-PCR showed a four- to fivefold increase in MCT1 in the insulinoma tissue of the EIHI patient compared with human pancreatic islets. MCT1 protein was detected in three of four additional insulinomas. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We show for the first time that an MCT1-expressing insulinoma was associated with EIHI and that MCT1 might be present in most insulinomas. Our data suggest that MCT1 expression in human insulin-producing cells can lead to EIHI and warrant further studies on the role of MCT1 in human insulinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marquard
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes of endothelial-related coagulation was studied in intensive care patients. DESIGN Descriptive, prospective. SETTING Clinical investigation, intensive care unit of an university hospital. PATIENTS 40 consecutive critically ill patients with severe trauma (n = 20) or postoperative complications (n = 20) were studied. 14 patients suffered from sepsis, 12 patients suffered from acute renal failure. INTERVENTIONS 12 patients with acute renal failure were continuously hemofiltrated. All patients were on continuous sedation (fentanyl and midazolam) and mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS In addition to standard coagulation variables, thrombomodulin (TM), protein C and protein S as well as thrombin/antithrombin III (TAT) plasma concentrations were measured from arterial blood samples using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). Measurements were carried out on the day of admission (trauma patients) or on the day of diagnosis of sepsis and during the next 4 days. MAIN RESULTS Throughout the entire investigation period, TM plasma concentrations in patients with sepsis (baseline: 90 +/- 25 micrograms/l, 4th day: 152 +/- 28 micrograms/l) were significantly higher than in non-septic patients (baseline: 60 +/- 29 micrograms/l, 4th day: 42 +/- 15 micrograms/l). 15 of the 40 patients died within or after the end of the investigation period. TM plasma concentrations of survivors were lower (maximum: 63 +/- 18 micrograms/l) than in the non-survivors (maximum: 159 +/- 22 micrograms/l) (p < 0.05). Hemofiltered patients showed higher TM plasma levels, which further increased during the hemofiltration procedure. Protein C and (free) protein S were without significant group differences. TAT plasma levels were elevated above normal in all patients (no group differences). CONCLUSIONS Besides plasmatic and platelet-related coagulation, endothelium-associated coagulation appears to be also important for maintenance of hemostasis. TM plasma concentrations were elevated in all our critically ill patients, particularly when sepsis was evident. This appears to be most likely due to endothelial membrane damage with increased release of membrane-bound TM into the circulating blood in these patients. The importance of the elevated plasma levels of circulating soluble TM on hemostasis in these patients is an ongoing debate and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
In 30 consecutive children with congenital heart disease scheduled for pediatric cardiac operations, thrombomodulin, protein C, free protein S, and thrombin-antithrombin complex were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after the induction of anesthesia (baseline value), and then before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass until the first postoperative day. The patients were divided prospectively into two groups: children weighing less than 10 kg (group 1; n = 15) and those weighing more than 10 kg (group 2; n = 15). At baseline, the plasma concentration of thrombomodulin was significantly higher in the children in group 1 than in those in group 2 (83.1 +/- 11.0 ng/mL versus 29.2 +/- 12.1 ng/mL). During cardiopulmonary bypass, the thrombomodulin level was reduced in both groups without showing any significant group differences. Five hours after cardiopulmonary bypass and on the first postoperative day, the thrombomodulin level exceeded normal values only in the children weighing less than 10 kg. In both groups, the protein C levels were already below normal at the beginning of the study. The baseline protein S concentration was higher in the smaller children (80% +/- 18%) than in the larger children (66% +/- 11%). It was reduced by cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups; however, postoperatively it did not return to normal in group 1 (45.1% +/- 10%). Plasma levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complex were similar in both groups, with a marked increase at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and returned to near-normal levels by 5 hours after bypass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Boldt J, Zickmann B, Schindler E, Welters A, Dapper F, Hempelmann G. Influence of aprotinin on the thrombomodulin/protein C system in pediatric cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107:1215-21. [PMID: 7513776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thirty consecutive children scheduled for pediatric cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass were included in the study. Before the operation, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: with aprotinin (n = 15, 30,000 U/kg after induction of anesthesia, 30,000 U/kg added to the prime of the cardiopulmonary bypass or without aprotinin (n = 15). Thrombomodulin, (free) protein S, protein C, and thrombin/antithrombin III complex were measured from arterial blood samples taken after induction of anesthesia (at baseline, before aprotinin) and before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass until the first postoperative day. Standard coagulation parameters (antithrombin III, fibrinogen, platelet count, and partial thromboplastin time) were without differences between the groups. Thrombomodulin plasma concentrations were within normal range ( < 40 micrograms/L) and were similar in both groups at baseline. During cardiopulmonary bypass and until 5 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass, however, thrombomodulin plasma levels were significantly lower in the children treated with aprotinin. No further differences were observed on the first postoperative day. Protein C and protein S plasma levels did not differ between the two groups. Thrombin/antithrombin III-complex plasma concentrations increased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass, however, without showing differences between children with (225 +/- 49 micrograms/L) and without (149 +/- 31 micrograms/L) aprotinin treatment. Blood loss and the need for homologous blood and blood products did not differ significantly between the two groups. We concluded that administration of aprotinin resulted in reduced thrombomodulin plasma levels in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac operation without altering protein C/protein S plasma concentration. The exact role of aprotinin in endothelium-derived coagulation should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boldt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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Boldt J, Zickmann B, Schindler E, Welters A, Dapper F, Hempelmann G. RETRACTED: Influence of aprotinin on the thrombomodulin/protein C system in pediatric cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(94)70040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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