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Marín-Aguilera M, Jares P, Sanfeliu E, Villacampa G, Hernández-Lllán E, Martínez-Puchol AI, Shankar S, González-Farré B, Waks AG, Brasó-Maristany F, Pardo F, Manning DK, Abery JA, Curaba J, Moon L, Gordon O, Galván P, Wachirakantapong P, Castillo O, Nee CM, Blasco P, Senevirathne TH, Sirenko V, Martínez-Sáez O, Aguirre A, Krop IE, Li Z, Spellman P, Metzger Filho O, Polyak K, Michaels P, Puig-Butillé JA, Vivancos A, Matito J, Buckingham W, Perou CM, Villagrasa-González P, Prat A, Parker JS, Paré L. Analytical validation of HER2DX genomic test for early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102903. [PMID: 38452436 PMCID: PMC10937240 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2DX, a multianalyte genomic test, has been clinically validated to predict breast cancer recurrence risk (relapse risk score), the probability of achieving pathological complete response post-neoadjuvant therapy (pCR likelihood score), and individual ERBB2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of HER2DX's analytical performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Precision and reproducibility of HER2DX risk, pCR, and ERBB2 mRNA scores were assessed within and between laboratories using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues and purified RNA. Robustness was appraised by analyzing the impact of tumor cell content and protocol variations including different instruments, reagent lots, and different RNA extraction kits. Variability was evaluated across intratumor biopsies and genomic platforms [RNA sequencing (RNAseq) versus nCounter], and according to protocol variations. RESULTS Precision analysis of 10 FFPE tumor samples yielded a maximal standard error of 0.94 across HER2DX scores (1-99 scale). High reproducibility of HER2DX scores across 29 FFPE tumors and 20 RNAs between laboratories was evident (correlation coefficients >0.98). The probability of identifying score differences >5 units was ≤5.2%. No significant variability emerged based on platform instruments, reagent lots, RNA extraction kits, or TagSet thaw/freeze cycles. Moreover, HER2DX displayed robustness at low tumor cell content (10%). Intratumor variability across 212 biopsies (106 tumors) was <4.0%. Concordance between HER2DX scores from 30 RNAs on RNAseq and nCounter platforms exceeded 90.0% (Cohen's κ coefficients >0.80). CONCLUSIONS The HER2DX assay is highly reproducible and robust for the quantification of recurrence risk, pCR likelihood, and ERBB2 mRNA expression in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Jares
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Molecular Biology Core, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Sanfeliu
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Villacampa
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain; Statistical Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - S Shankar
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - B González-Farré
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A G Waks
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - F Brasó-Maristany
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Pardo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D K Manning
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - J A Abery
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, USA
| | - J Curaba
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, USA
| | - L Moon
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, USA
| | - O Gordon
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, USA
| | - P Galván
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Wachirakantapong
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - O Castillo
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C M Nee
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - P Blasco
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T H Senevirathne
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - V Sirenko
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Martínez-Sáez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aguirre
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I E Krop
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - Z Li
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - P Spellman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - O Metzger Filho
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - K Polyak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - P Michaels
- Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - J A Puig-Butillé
- Molecular Biology Core, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Core, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Matito
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Genomics Core, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Buckingham
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - C M Perou
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - A Prat
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Breast Cancer Unit, IOB-Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J S Parker
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L Paré
- Scientific Department, Reveal Genomics, S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
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Merrick BA, Phadke DP, Bostrom MA, Shah RR, Wright GM, Wang X, Gordon O, Pelch KE, Auerbach SS, Paules RS, DeVito MJ, Waalkes MP, Tokar EJ. KRAS-retroviral fusion transcripts and gene amplification in arsenic-transformed, human prostate CAsE-PE cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115017. [PMID: 32344290 PMCID: PMC7606314 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CAsE-PE cells are an arsenic-transformed, human prostate epithelial line containing oncogenic mutations in KRAS compared to immortalized, normal KRAS parent cells, RWPE-1. We previously reported increased copy number of mutated KRAS in CAsE-PE cells, suggesting gene amplification. Here, KRAS flanking genomic and transcriptomic regions were sequenced in CAsE-PE cells for insight into KRAS amplification. Comparison of DNA-Seq and RNA-Seq showed increased reads from background aligning to all KRAS exons in CAsE-PE cells, while a uniform DNA-Seq read distribution occurred in RWPE-1 cells with normal transcript expression. We searched for KRAS fusions in DNA and RNA sequencing data finding a portion of reads aligning to KRAS and viral sequence. After generation of cDNA from total RNA, short and long KRAS probes were generated to hybridize cDNA and KRAS enriched fragments were PacBio sequenced. More KRAS reads were captured from CAsE-PE cDNA versus RWPE-1 by each probe set. Only CAsE-PE cDNA showed KRAS viral fusion transcripts, primarily mapping to LTR and endogenous retrovirus sequences on either 5'- or 3'-ends of KRAS. Most KRAS viral fusion transcripts contained 4 to 6 exons but some PacBio sequences were in unusual orientations, suggesting viral insertions within the gene body. Additionally, conditioned media was extracted for potential retroviral particles. RNA-Seq of culture media isolates identified KRAS retroviral fusion transcripts in CAsE-PE media only. Truncated KRAS transcripts suggested multiple retroviral integration sites occurred within the KRAS gene producing KRAS retroviral fusions of various lengths. Findings suggest activation of endogenous retroviruses in arsenic carcinogenesis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States.
| | - Dhiral P Phadke
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Meredith A Bostrom
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ruchir R Shah
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Garron M Wright
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States
| | - Oksana Gordon
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States
| | - Katherine E Pelch
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael J DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
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Merrick BA, Phadke DP, Bostrom MA, Shah RR, Wright GM, Wang X, Gordon O, Pelch KE, Auerbach SS, Paules RS, DeVito MJ, Waalkes MP, Tokar EJ. Arsenite malignantly transforms human prostate epithelial cells in vitro by gene amplification of mutated KRAS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215504. [PMID: 31009485 PMCID: PMC6476498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is an environmental human carcinogen of several organs including the urinary tract. RWPE-1 cells are immortalized, non-tumorigenic, human prostate epithelia that become malignantly transformed into the CAsE-PE line after continuous in vitro exposure to 5μM arsenite over a period of months. For insight into in vitro arsenite transformation, we performed RNA-seq for differential gene expression and targeted sequencing of KRAS. We report >7,000 differentially expressed transcripts in CAsE-PE cells compared to RWPE-1 cells at >2-fold change, q<0.05 by RNA-seq. Notably, KRAS expression was highly elevated in CAsE-PE cells, with pathway analysis supporting increased cell proliferation, cell motility, survival and cancer pathways. Targeted DNA sequencing of KRAS revealed a mutant specific allelic imbalance, ‘MASI’, frequently found in primary clinical tumors. We found high expression of a mutated KRAS transcript carrying oncogenic mutations at codons 12 and 59 and many silent mutations, accompanied by lower expression of a wild-type allele. Parallel cultures of RWPE-1 cells retained a wild-type KRAS genotype. Copy number analysis and sequencing showed amplification of the mutant KRAS allele. KRAS is expressed as two splice variants, KRAS4a and KRAS4b, where variant 4b is more prevalent in normal cells compared to greater levels of variant 4a seen in tumor cells. 454 Roche sequencing measured KRAS variants in each cell type. We found KRAS4a as the predominant transcript variant in CAsE-PE cells compared to KRAS4b, the variant expressed primarily in RWPE-1 cells and in normal prostate, early passage, primary epithelial cells. Overall, gene expression data were consistent with KRAS-driven proliferation pathways found in spontaneous tumors and malignantly transformed cell lines. Arsenite is recognized as an important environmental carcinogen, but it is not a direct mutagen. Further investigations into this in vitro transformation model will focus on genomic events that cause arsenite-mediated mutation and overexpression of KRAS in CAsE-PE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dhiral P. Phadke
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meredith A. Bostrom
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ruchir R. Shah
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Garron M. Wright
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Oksana Gordon
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Pelch
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott S. Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael J. DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Waalkes
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Merrick BA, Chang JS, Phadke DP, Bostrom MA, Shah RR, Wang X, Gordon O, Wright GM. HAfTs are novel lncRNA transcripts from aflatoxin exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190992. [PMID: 29351317 PMCID: PMC5774710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome can reveal insights into precancer biology. We recently conducted RNA-Seq analysis on liver RNA from male rats exposed to the carcinogen, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), for 90 days prior to liver tumor onset. Among >1,000 differentially expressed transcripts, several novel, unannotated Cufflinks-assembled transcripts, or HAfTs (Hepatic Aflatoxin Transcripts) were found. We hypothesized PCR-cloning and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) could further HAfT identification. Sanger data was obtained for 6 transcripts by PCR and 16 transcripts by 5’- and 3’-RACE. BLAST alignments showed, with two exceptions, HAfT transcripts were lncRNAs, >200nt without apparent long open reading frames. Six rat HAfT transcripts were classified as ‘novel’ without RefSeq annotation. Sequence alignment and genomic synteny showed each rat lncRNA had a homologous locus in the mouse genome and over half had homologous loci in the human genome, including at least two loci (and possibly three others) that were previously unannotated. While HAfT functions are not yet clear, coregulatory roles may be possible from their adjacent orientation to known coding genes with altered expression that include 8 HAfT-gene pairs. For example, a unique rat HAfT, homologous to Pvt1, was adjacent to known genes controlling cell proliferation. Additionally, PCR and RACE Sanger sequencing showed many alternative splice variants and refinements of exon sequences compared to Cufflinks assembled transcripts and gene prediction algorithms. Presence of multiple splice variants and short tandem repeats found in some HAfTs may be consequential for secondary structure, transcriptional regulation, and function. In summary, we report novel, differentially expressed lncRNAs after exposure to the genotoxicant, AFB1, prior to neoplastic lesions. Complete cloning and sequencing of such transcripts could pave the way for a new set of sensitive and early prediction markers for chemical hepatocarcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Alex Merrick
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Justin S. Chang
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, Division National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dhiral P. Phadke
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meredith A. Bostrom
- Genomics Laboratory, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Ruchir R. Shah
- Sciome, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xinguo Wang
- Genomics Laboratory, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Oksana Gordon
- Genomics Laboratory, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United State of America
| | - Garron M. Wright
- Genomics Laboratory, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United State of America
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Burke M, Scholl EH, Bird DM, Schaff JE, Colman SD, Crowell R, Diener S, Gordon O, Graham S, Wang X, Windham E, Wright GM, Opperman CH. The plant parasite Pratylenchus coffeae carries a minimal nematode genome. NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the genome sequence of the lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, a significant pest of banana and other staple crops in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Initial analysis of the 19.67 Mb genome reveals 6712 protein encoding genes, the smallest number found in a metazoan, although sufficient to make a nematode. Significantly, no developmental or physiological pathways are obviously missing when compared to the model free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which possesses approximately 21 000 genes. The highly streamlined P. coffeae genome may reveal a remarkable functional plasticity in nematode genomes and may also indicate evolutionary routes to increased specialisation in other nematode genera. In addition, the P. coffeae genome may begin to reveal the core set of genes necessary to make a multicellular animal. Nematodes exhibit striking diversity in the niches they occupy, and the sequence of P. coffeae is a tool to begin to unravel the mechanisms that enable the extraordinary success of this phylum as both free-living and parasitic forms. Unlike the sedentary endoparasitic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), P. coffeae is a root-lesion nematode that does not establish a feeding site within the root. Because the P. coffeae nematode genome encodes fewer than half the number of genes found in the genomes of root-knot nematodes, comparative analysis to determine genes P. coffeae does not carry may help to define development of more sophisticated forms of nematode-plant interactions. The P. coffeae genome sequence may help to define timelines related to evolution of parasitism amongst nematodes. The genome of P. coffeae is a significant new tool to understand not only nematode evolution but animal biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Burke
- Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State University, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, General Administration, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Information Resources & Bioinformatics, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Scholl
- Plant Nematode Genetics Group, Department of Plant Pathology, NC State University, Box 7253, Raleigh, NC 27695-7253, USA
| | - David McK. Bird
- Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State University, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
- Plant Nematode Genetics Group, Department of Plant Pathology, NC State University, Box 7253, Raleigh, NC 27695-7253, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Schaff
- Genomic Sciences Laboratory, NC State University, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614, USA
| | - Steven D. Colman
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, General Administration, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Randy Crowell
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Genomics Sequencing Laboratory, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Stephen Diener
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Information Resources & Bioinformatics, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Oksana Gordon
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Genomics Sequencing Laboratory, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Steven Graham
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Information Resources & Bioinformatics, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Genomics Sequencing Laboratory, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Eric Windham
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Information Resources & Bioinformatics, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Garron M. Wright
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Information Resources & Bioinformatics, 150 Research Campus Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Charles H. Opperman
- Plant Nematode Genetics Group, Department of Plant Pathology, NC State University, Box 7253, Raleigh, NC 27695-7253, USA
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Gordon O, Carel RS, Kordish E. [The role of occupational exposures in the etiology of bladder cancer]. Harefuah 2004; 143:772-4, 840. [PMID: 15603262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In a case-control study in southern Israel, 150 male subjects with histologically proven transitional cell cancer (TCC) of the bladder were matched with 150 controls. Both groups were interviewed regarding past occupational exposures, lifestyle habits, and co-morbidities. Significant associations were demonstrated between certain occupational exposures and the risk to develop TCC. These exposures were (a) organic solvents (OR 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4-8.4), (b) aromatic amines and\or paints (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1-6.3) and (c) PAHs (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-4.3). Similarly, significant associations were found between certain occupations (jobs) and the risk of future TCC, such as metal workers and welders. In conclusion, certain types of occupational exposures and industrial jobs bear extra risk for the future development of TCC (in addition to the well established risk of smoking). Thus, better identification and control of these occupational risk factors (chemicals and work processes) is required in order to reduce the risk for this relatively common cancer and improve protection for the relevant groups of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gordon
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Division of Health in the Community, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Shamis I, Gordon O, Albag Y, Goldsand G, Laron Z. Ethnic differences in the incidence of childhood IDDM in Israel (1965-1993). Marked increase since 1985, especially in Yemenite Jews. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:504-8. [PMID: 9096969 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the changes in the incidence of childhood IDDM during the years 1965-1993 in the different ethnic groups in Israel. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A whole-country register of childhood IDDM (0-17 years) was started in Israel in 1965. Onset of IDDM was considered to be the date of first insulin injection. The data were collected from all outpatient clinics and hospitals. Ascertainment is estimated to be over 95%. RESULTS A total of 1,868 patients were registered for a period of 28 years. Marked differences were found between ethnic groups. The highest incidence was among the Yemenite Jews, who reached an incidence of 18.5/10(5), followed by Ashkenazi Jews (10.0/10(5)), non-Ashkenazi Jews, except Yemenites (7.3/10(5)), and Arabs (2.9/10(5)). In addition, it was found that in all Jewish subgroups, in contrast with the Arabs, there was a marked increase in incidence after 1985. CONCLUSIONS Israel is a country with low, intermediate, and high incidence of childhood IDDM. The interethnic differences in incidence are probably due to genetic factors. However, the significant increase in incidence since 1985 in the Jewish population is ascribed to thus far unidentified environmental factors. It is hypothesized that the marked increase in IDDM is due to environmental factors linked to changes in affluence and lifestyle. These may also explain the difference in incidence between the Jewish and Arab populations, the latter living more in rural areas and leading a more traditional lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shamis
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Diabetes in Youth, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Modan M, Karp M, Bauman B, Gordon O, Danon YL, Laron Z. Mortality in Israeli Jewish patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus diagnosed prior to 18 years of age: a population based study. Diabetologia 1991; 34:515-20. [PMID: 1916057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 614 Jewish patients under the age of 18 with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, diagnosed in Israel during the period 1 January 1965 to 31 December 1979, were identified by exhaustive screening of all possible sources. Mortality experience of this cohort was updated to 31 March 1988 through the Central Population Registry and 14 deaths were identified. The ascertainment rate for diagnosed cases as well as for deaths is estimated at about 95%. There was a significantly higher (p less than 0.001) by 3.2-fold excess mortality relative to the age and sex-adjusted mortality as expected the general Jewish population in Israel. This excess was due to three cause-of-death categories: diabetic ketoacidosis (n = 3; p less than 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (n = 3; p less than 0.001) and infections (n = 2; p = 0.03). The rate of malignancies (n = 2), external causes (n = 3) and other general causes (n = 1) did not differ significantly from that expected. During the first 15 years of the disease cumulative mortality resembled that of the general population, with a subsequent steep increase so that by 20 years disease duration, the rate was four-fold higher than expected. This mortality pattern was similar irrespective of age at onset, sex and ethnic group (Ashkenazi vs non-Ashkenazi Jews). A factor contributing to the lack of increase in mortality rate in the first 15 years of Type 1 diabetes may be the comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment approach employed for most juvenile diabetic patients in Israel leading to early referral and an overall better metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Modan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Gordon O, Cantwell JD, Pettus C, Varughese A, Yesalis CE, Wolf FR. Forum. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 1990; 18:28-31. [PMID: 27457316 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1990.11710081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A Forum for Our Readers Forum is intended to provide a sounding board for our readers. Perhaps you have a special way to treat a common medical problem, or you may want to air your views on a controversial topic. You may object to an article that we have published, or you may want to support one. You may have a new trend to report, identified through an interesting case or a series of patients. Whatever your ideas, we invite you to send them to us. Illustrative figures are welcomed. Address correspondence to Forum, THE PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE, 4530 W 77th St, Minneapolis, MN 55435.
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