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Jimoh AK, Bolaji OB, Adelekan A, Ghazali SM, Oyekale OT, Adeleke BA, Ojo BO, Popoola GO, Lawal OA, Ajetunmobi WA. Clinical Utility of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein in the Management of Neonatal Sepsis in a Resource-Limited Nigerian Hospital. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1895-1901. [PMID: 38158358 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_397_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is an invasive infection of the bloodstream in neonates and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among them. AIM To investigate the role of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the management of neonatal sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective case-control study over one-year period using convenience sampling. Blood samples for PCT and CRP were taken from all neonates, while blood culture and white blood cell count samples were additionally taken from babies with neonatal sepsis. PCT and CRP were repeated at 24 and 48 hours. The continuous variables were found to have a nonparametric distribution. They were presented as median and interquartile range, and compared using Wilcoxon signed rank and Friedman test as appropriate. RESULTS The blood culture analysis yielded a prevalence of 12.7% with Staphylococcus aureus being the commonest organism. Baseline concentrations of PCT (1.28 ng/ml) and CRP (17.31 mg/L) in neonates with sepsis were higher than that of controls (PCT-0.63 ng/ml, CRP-5.40 mg/L). PCT concentrations decreased after two days of antibiotic treatment, while CRP concentrations decreased after a day. The concentration of both decreased to normal levels after two days of treatment. CONCLUSION This study showed that CRP was more reliable in monitoring antibiotic therapy, unlike other studies which suggested PCT. In cases where the management of neonatal sepsis may be limited by a low blood culture yield, therapeutic monitoring may be aided by CRP and/or PCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jimoh
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O B Bolaji
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A Adelekan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - S M Ghazali
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O T Oyekale
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - B A Adeleke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - B O Ojo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - G O Popoola
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust St. George's, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN1 1FS, United Kingdom
| | - O A Lawal
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - W A Ajetunmobi
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti and Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Fayemi OB, Ajetunmobi WA, Bolaji OB, Onyema CE, Lawal OA, Adaje AO, Omisakin CT, Adeleke BA, Adeyemi EO, Ajigbotosho SO, Adebami OJ, Adeodu OO. Relationship between Serum Uric Acid and Hypertension among Secondary School Adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:997-1002. [PMID: 37768567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the seemingly increasing trend of childhood hypertension, high serum uric acid (SUA) levels might be an indicator of essential hypertension among adolescents. OBJECTIVE To determine the SUA levels of hypertensive students and randomly selected controls and find the association, if any, between SUA level and blood pressure (BP) among secondary school students in Ido-Osi Local Government Area (LGA). METHODOLOGY The study was a nested case-control study conducted among selected secondary school students in IdoOsi LGA from June 2017 to March 2018. Of the 573 students screened for hypertension, SUA was assayed from 31 hypertensive students and an equal number of age- and sexmatched controls. Serum uric acid greater than 5.5 mg/ dL was taken as high. Statistical analysis included chi-square and Pearson correlation. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between SUA level and both systolic BP (p < 0.013) and diastolic BP (p < 0.017). The mean (SD) serum uric acid level of the hypertensive students [5.39 (2.08) mg/ dL] was higher than that of the controls [4.24 (1.81) mg/ dL] (p = 0.023). Hypertensive students with hyperuricaemia had a higher mean (SD) systolic BP than those with low uric acid: 138.67 (14.81) versus 128.68 (10.04); p =0.037. CONCLUSION The mean serum uric acid level of students with hypertension was higher than that of the non-hypertensive students and high SUA levels appear to more prominently affect systolic than diastolic blood pressures among the cohort of hypertensive students.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Fayemi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - W A Ajetunmobi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O B Bolaji
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - C E Onyema
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O A Lawal
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A O Adaje
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - C T Omisakin
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - B A Adeleke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - E O Adeyemi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - S O Ajigbotosho
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O J Adebami
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adeodu
- Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Adeyemi EO, Olatunya OS, Bolaji OB, Lawal OA, Ajetunmobi WA, Adaje AO, Onyema CE, Omefe PN, Fayemi O, Ajigbotosho SO, Okolugbo JC. Evaluation of Primary School Health Environment in Ido/Osi Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:277-283. [PMID: 37017477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School environment entails the sum total of the physical, biological, social, and emotional environment within which members of the school community operate. It is essential to make the school environment healthy to promote and protect the health of school pupils as well as their safety. This study aimed at finding the level of implementation of a Healthy School Environment (HSE) in Ido/Osi Local Government Area (LGA) of Ekiti State. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 48 private and 19 public primary schools using a standardised checklist and direct observation. RESULTS The teacher-to-pupil ratio was 1:16 in public schools and 1:10 in private schools. The leading source of water in 47.8% of the schools was well water. Most, 97%, of the schools practiced open dumping of refuse. Private schools had more school buildings with strong walls and good roofs with doors and windows which provided adequate ventilation compared to the public schools (p- 0.001). No school was located close to an industrial area, however, none had a safety patrol team. Only 34.3% of schools had a fence and 31.3% had terrains prone to flooding. Only 3% of the schools, all private schools, attained the minimum acceptable score on the school environment. CONCLUSION The status of school environment was poor in the study location and school ownership did not make any much impact as there was no difference in the situations of school environment between public and private schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Adeyemi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O S Olatunya
- Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O B Bolaji
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O A Lawal
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - W A Ajetunmobi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A O Adaje
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - C E Onyema
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - P N Omefe
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O Fayemi
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - S O Ajigbotosho
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - J C Okolugbo
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Hlophe NB, Opoku AR, Osunsanmi FO, Djarova-Daniels TG, Lawal OA, Mosa RA. A Lanosteryl Triterpene (RA-3) Exhibits Antihyperuricemic and Nephroprotective Effects in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174010. [PMID: 32887389 PMCID: PMC7504802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the global health threat posed by kidney disease burden, a search for new nephroprotective drugs from our local flora could prove a powerful strategy to respond to this health threat. In this study we investigated the antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective potential of RA-3, a plant-derived lanosteryl triterpene. The antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effect of RA-3 was investigated using the adenine and gentamicin induced hyperuricemic and nephrotoxicity rat model. Following the induction of hyperuricemia and nephrotoxicity, the experimental model rats (Sprague Dawley) were orally administered with RA-3 at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, daily for 14 days. Treatment of the experimental rats with RA-3, especially at 100 mg/kg, effectively lowered the serum renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) and hyperuricemic (uric acid and xanthine oxidase) biomarkers. These were accompanied by increased antioxidant status with decrease in malondialdehyde content. A much improved histomorphological structure of the kidney tissues was also observed in the triterpene treated groups when compared to the model control group. It is evident that RA-3 possesses the antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective properties, which could be vital for prevention and amelioration of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomadlozi Blessings Hlophe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.B.H.); (A.R.O.); (T.G.D.-D.)
| | - Andrew Rowland Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.B.H.); (A.R.O.); (T.G.D.-D.)
| | | | - Trayana Georgieva Djarova-Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.B.H.); (A.R.O.); (T.G.D.-D.)
| | | | - Rebamang Anthony Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Division of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-420-2906
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Soyingbe OS, Myeni CB, Osunsanmi, Lawal OA, Opoku AR. Antimicrobial and efflux pumps inhibitory activities of Eucalyptus grandis essential oil against respiratory tract infectious bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Simelane MBC, Lawal OA, Djarova TG, Musabayane CT, Singh M, Opoku AR. Lactogenic activity of rats stimulated by Gunnera perpensa L. (Gunneraceae) from South Africa. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2012; 9:561-73. [PMID: 23983393 PMCID: PMC3746640 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gunnera perpensa L. (Gunneraceae) is a medicinal plant used by Zulu traditional healers to stimulate milk production. The effect of an aqueous extract of the rhizome of the plant on milk production in rats was investigated. Female lactating rats that received oral doses of the extract of G.perpensa significantly (p<0.05) produced more milk than controls. The plant extract did not however, significantly influence the levels of prolactin, growth hormone, progesterone, cortisol, ALT, AST and albumin in the blood. The mammary glands of rats treated with the extract showed lobuloalveolar development. The extract (0.8 µg/ml) was also found to stimulate the contraction of the uterus and inhibit (23%) acetylcholinesterase activity. The cytotoxicity of the extract (LC₅₀) to two human cell lines (HEK293 and HepG2) was 279.43 µg/ml and 222.33µg/ml, respectively. It is inferred that the plant extract exerts its activity on milk production and secretion by stimulating lobuloalveolar cell development and the contraction of myoepithelial cells in the alveoli. It is concluded that Gunnera perpensa contains constituents with lactogenic activity that apparently contribute to its effectiveness in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B C Simelane
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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Bankole SA, Lawal OA, Adebanjo A. Storage practices and aflatoxin B1 contamination of ‘egusi’ melon seeds in Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ts.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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