Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis reveals a candidate ORF for cytoplasmic male sterility in tropical onion

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been widely exploited for hybrid seed production in onions (Allium cepa L.). In contrast to long-day onion cultivars, short-day onion has not yet been investigated for mitochondrial genome structure and DNA rearrangements associated with CMS activity. Here, we report the 3,16,321 bp complete circular mitochondrial genome of tropical onion CMS line (97A). Due to the substantial number of repetitive regions, the assembled mitochondrial genome of maintainer line (97B) remained linear with 15 scaffolds. Additionally, 13 and 20 chloroplast-derived fragments with a size ranging from 143 to 13,984 bp and 153-17,725 bp were identified in the 97A and 97B genomes, respectively. Genome annotation revealed 24 core protein-coding genes along with 24 and 28 tRNA genes in the mitochondrial genomes of 97A and 97B, respectively. Furthermore, comparative genome analysis of the 97A and 97B mitochondrial genomes showed that gene content was almost similar except for the chimeric ORF725 gene which is the extended form of the COX1 gene.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03850-2.

The Clinical Study of Anti TPO Antibodies in Patients of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

INTRODUCTION

The association of Type 1 diabetes mellitus with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been well documented in many populations. The appearance of Anti TPO antibodies precedes thyroid dysfunction and increase in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes. The occurrence of thyroid auto antibodies against microsomes (AMA) and thyroglobulin (ATA), frequently seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease have been reported in type 1 diabetes mellitus with varying frequency.

MATERIALS

The present study was carried out at tertiary care centre.

STUDY DESIGN

Prospective study. Duration of study: October 2014 to December 2015.

STUDY POPULATION

60 patients.

RESULT

In the present study, out of 60 patients 32 (53.33%) patients were female and 28 (46.66%) were male. Out of 60 patients, 10 patients had positive titre for Anti TPO antibodies. Out of 10 patients, 6 patients were female and 4 patients were male.

CONCLUSION

Anti TPO antibodies level was elevated in 10 (16.66%) patients. Out of 10 patients, 6 (60%) patients were female and 4 (40%) were male. 6 out of 10 (60%) Anti TPO positive patients had longer duration of DM1. Patients having raised Anti TPO antibodies had no relation between Anti TPO antibodies and RBS level. Though HbA1c was high in Anti TPO antibodies positive patients statistically it was not significant. Patients having raised Anti TPO antibodies level had normal TSH level.

Is performing joint arthroplasty surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic safe?: A retrospective, cohort analysis from a tertiary centre in NCR, Delhi, India

PURPOSE

Resuming joint replacement arthroplasty amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has come with various challenges that had to be dealt with utmost caution. Patients with severe arthritis experiencing a state of intolerable pain, could not be left unaddressed. Guidelines published by surgical associations, collaborative surgical author groups including public health organisations had to be modified to suit the Indian scenario and obtain optimal functional outcomes in these patients.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort analysis of 147 patients who underwent arthroplasty during the pandemic (March 2020 to April 2021), for either primary or secondary arthritis, was performed. We assess the efficacy and safety of the newly established Institutional surgical peri-operative protocol at our tertiary care centre in the National Capital Region, India in response to COVID-19 guidelines. The primary outcome measures appraised was 30-day mortality and the secondary outcome measures included length of stay, peri-operative complications and COVID-19 infection.

RESULT

The most common indication for arthroplasty during the pandemic was neglected trauma. One patient died, due to myocardial infarction during the follow-up period. About 67% of patients were discharged to their usual residence within 7 days of admission. Two patients tested positive for COVID-19 postoperatively, but none required Intensive Care Unit admission.

CONCLUSION

Joint replacement arthroplasty can be undertaken safely with diligent patient selection, application of a stringent COVID appropriate behaviour and a 'ring-fenced' peri-operative pathway.

Development of cytoplasmic male sterile lines in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and their evaluation across multiple environments

A breeding program was initiated in 2009 to develop temperature stable CMS lines in chilli. 'CCA 4261' was used as a CMS donor. From the 11 testcross progeny screened, maintainer plants were identified from 'SL 461', 'SL 462' and 'SD 463'. After 6 backcrosses to the maintainer plants, 17 CMS lines in diverse genetic backgrounds were established. The CMS lines were evaluated for stability of sterility over four environments during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The environments E₁ and E₃ represented the low temperature regime, and E₂ and E₄ the high temperature regime. The mean square values due to the genotypes and the environments were significant at p = 0.01 for pollen sterility (%), pollen release score, fruit setting (%) and number of seed fruit^-1. The G × E interaction effects were significant for pollen sterility (%), fruit setting and number of seed fruit^-1 and non-significant for pollen release score. Ten lines namely 'CMS4611A', 'CMS4614A', 'CMS4622A', 'CMS4624A', 'CMS4626A', 'CMS46213A', 'CMS463D2A', 'CMS463D13A', 'CMS463D14A' and 'CMS463L5A' were completely male sterile across the environments. Under open pollination conditions, the fruit and the seed setting ability of these lines was normal. The CMS transferred into the diverse genetic backgrounds would broaden the CMS germplasm resources in chilli.