Quantification of the Carbon-Coating Effect on the Interfacial Behavior of Graphite Single Particles

The effect of carbon coating on the interfacial charge transfer resistance of natural graphite (NG) was investigated by a single-particle measurement. The microscale carbon-coated natural graphite (NG@C) particles were synthesized by the simple wet-chemical mixing method using a phenolic resin as the carbon source. The electrochemical test results of NG@C using the conventional composite electrodes demonstrated desirable rate capability, cycle stability, and enhanced kinetic property. Moreover, the improvements in the composite electrodes were confirmed with the electrochemical parameters (i.e., charge transfer resistance, exchange current density, and solid phase diffusion coefficient) analyzed by a single-particle measurement. The surface carbon coating on the NG particles reduced the interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct) and increased the exchange current density (i0). The Rct decreased from 81-101 (NG) to 49-67 Ω cm2 (NG@C), while i0 increased from 0.25-0.32 (NG) to 0.38-0.52 mA cm-2 (NG@C) after the coating process. The results suggested both electrochemically and quantitatively that the outer uniformly coated surface carbon layer on the graphite particles can improve the solid-liquid interface and other kinetic parameters, therefore enhancing the rate capabilities to obtain the high-power anode materials.

LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode-Solid Electrolyte Interfacial Behavior Characterization Using Novel Method Adopting Microcavity Electrode

Due to the limitations of organic liquid electrolytes, current development is towards high performance all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). For high performance ASSLBs, the most crucial is the high ion-conducting solid electrolyte (SE), with a focus on interface analysis between SE and active materials. In the current study, we successfully synthesized the high ion-conductive argyrodite-type (Li₆PS₅Cl) solid electrolyte, which has 4.8 mS cm^-1 conductivity at room temperature. Additionally, the present study suggests the quantitative analysis of interfaces in ASSLBs. The measured initial discharge capacity of a single particle confined in a microcavity electrode was 1.05 nAh for LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ (NCM622)-Li₆PS₅Cl solid electrolyte materials. The initial cycle result shows the irreversible nature of active material due to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of the active particle; further second and third cycles demonstrate high reversibility and good stability. Furthermore, the electrochemical kinetic parameters were calculated through the Tafel plot analysis. From the Tafel plot, it is seen that asymmetry increases gradually at high discharge currents and depths, which rise asymmetricity due to the increasing of the conduction barrier. However, the electrochemical parameters confirm the increasing conduction barrier with increased charge transfer resistance.