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Atallah OO, Yassin SM, Verchot J. New Insights into Hop Latent Viroid Detection, Infectivity, Host Range, and Transmission. Viruses 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 38257731 PMCID: PMC10819085 DOI: 10.3390/v16010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hop latent viroid (HLVd), a subviral pathogen from the family Pospiviroidae, is a major threat to the global cannabis industry and is the causative agent for "dudding disease". Infected plants can often be asymptomatic for a period of growth and then develop symptoms such as malformed and yellowing leaves, as well as stunted growth. During flowering, HLVd-infected plants show reduced levels of valuable metabolites. This study was undertaken to expand our basic knowledge of HLVd infectivity, transmission, and host range. HLVd-specific primers were used for RT-PCR detection in plant samples and were able to detect HLVd in as little as 5 picograms of total RNA. A survey of hemp samples obtained from a diseased production system proved sole infection of HLVd (72%) with no coexistence of hop stunt viroid. HLVd was infectious through successive passage assays using a crude sap or total RNA extract derived from infected hemp. HLVd was also highly transmissible through hemp seeds at rates of 58 to 80%. Host range assays revealed new hosts for HLVd: tomato, cucumber, chrysanthemum, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). Sequence analysis of 77 isolates revealed only 3 parsimony-informative sites, while 10 sites were detected among all HLVd isolates available in the GenBank. The phylogenetic relationship among HLVd isolates allowed for inferring two major clades based on the genetic distance. Our findings facilitate further studies on host-viroid interaction and viroid management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (O.O.A.); (S.M.Y.)
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Mohsen G, Soliman SS, Mahgoub EI, Ismail TA, Mansour E, Alwutayd KM, Safhi FA, Abd El-Moneim D, Alshamrani R, Atallah OO, Shehata WF, Hassanin AA. Gamma-rays induced mutations increase soybean oil and protein contents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16395. [PMID: 38025746 PMCID: PMC10668811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to develop oil and protein contents in addition to high yield attributes in soybean using gamma rays as a mutagen. Seeds of the soybean genotypes Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 82, Giza 83 and 117 were treated with gamma rays doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy. Plants were then scored based on morphological parameters correlated with yield quantity including plant height, seed weight and valuable protein and oil contents. Mutant lines exhibiting the highest yield attributes were selected and used as parents for M2 generation. The M2 progeny was further assessed based on their ability to maintain their yield attributes. Twenty mutant lines were selected and used as M3 lines. The yield parameters inferred a positive effect of gamma irradiation on the collected M3 mutant lines compared to their parental genotypes. 100 Gy of gamma rays gave the highest effect on the number of pods, branches and seeds per plant in addition to protein content, while 200 Gy was more effective in increasing plant height, number of pods per plant, and oil content. Six mutant lines scored the highest yield parameters. Further assessment inferred an inverse relationship between oil and protein content in most of the tested cultivars with high agronomic features. However, four mutant lines recorded high content of oil and protein besides their high seed yield as well, which elect them as potential candidates for large-scale evaluation. The correlation among examined parameters was further confirmed via principal component analysis (PCA), which inferred a positive correlation between the number of pods, branches, seeds, and seed weight. Conversely, oil and protein content were inversely correlated in most of yielded mutant lines. Together, those findings introduce novel soybean lines with favorable agronomic traits for the market. In addition, our research sheds light on the value of using gamma rays treatment in enhancing genetic variability in soybean and improving oil, protein contents and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehan Mohsen
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarik A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshamrani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Production Department of, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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Al-Khayri JM, Alshegaihi RM, Mahgoub ELI, Mansour E, Atallah OO, Sattar MN, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Aldaej MI, Hassanin AA. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 36987104 PMCID: PMC10051775 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The gluten strength and the composition of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMWGSs and LMWGSs) of fifty-one durum wheat genotypes were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation testing and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This study examined the allelic variability and the composition of HMWGSs and LMWGSs in T. durum wheat genotypes. SDS-PAGE was proven to be a successful method for identifying HMWGS and LMWGS alleles and their importance in determining the dough quality. The evaluated durum wheat genotypes with HMWGS alleles 7+8, 7+9, 13+16, and 17+18 were highly correlated with improved dough strength. The genotypes containing the LMW-2 allele displayed stronger gluten than those with the LMW-1 allele. The comparative in silico analysis indicated that Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-B3 possessed a typical primary structure. The study also revealed that the lower content of glutamine, proline, glycine, and tyrosineand the higher content of serine and valine in the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 glutenin subunits, and the higher cysteine residues in Glu-B1 and lower arginine, isoleucine, and leucine in the Glu-B3 glutenin, are associated with the suitability of durum wheat for pasta making and the suitability of bread wheat with good bread-making quality. The phylogeny analysis reported that both Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 had a closer evolutionary relationship in bread and durum wheat, while the Glu-A1 was highly distinct. The results of the current research may help breeders to manage the quality of durum wheat genotypes by exploiting the allelic variation in glutenin. Computational analysis showed the presence of higher proportions of glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine than the other residues in both HMWGSs and LMWGSs. Thus, durum wheat genotype selection according to the presence of a few protein components effectively distinguishes the strongest from the weakest types of gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana M. Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - ELsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Fatima M. Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed I. Aldaej
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Abdelrhim AS, Mazrou YSA, Nehela Y, Atallah OO, El-Ashmony RM, Dawood MFA. Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Innate Immune Responses and Activate Antioxidant Machinery in Wheat Against Rhizoctonia solani. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2758. [PMID: 34961229 PMCID: PMC8708575 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, has a wide range of host plants including members of the family Poaceae, causing damping-off and root rot diseases. In this study, we biosynthesized spherical-shaped silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs; sized between 9.92 and 19.8 nm) using saffron extract and introduced them as a potential alternative therapeutic solution to protect wheat seedlings against R. solani. SiO2 NPs showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity on R. solani, and significantly reduced mycelial radial growth (up to 100% growth reduction), mycelium fresh and dry weight, and pre-, post-emergence damping-off, and root rot severities. Moreover, the impact of SiO2 NPs on the growth of wheat seedlings and their potential mechanism (s) for disease suppression was deciphered. SiO2 NPs application also improved the germination, vegetative growth, and vigor indexes of infected wheat seedlings which indicates no phytotoxicity on treated wheat seedlings. Moreover, SiO2 NPs enhanced the content of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), induced the accumulation of defense-related compounds (particularly salicylic acid), and alleviated the oxidative stress via stimulation of both enzymatic (POD, SOD, APX, CAT, and PPO) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoids) antioxidant defense machinery. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the potential therapeutic role of SiO2 NPs against R. solani infection via the simultaneous activation of a multilayered defense system to suppress the pathogen, neutralize the destructive effect of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and methylglyoxal, and maintain their homeostasis within R. solani-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrazek S. Abdelrhim
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61512, Egypt; (A.S.A.); (R.M.E.-A.)
| | - Yasser S. A. Mazrou
- Business Administration Department, Community College, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Agriculture Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ranya M. El-Ashmony
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61512, Egypt; (A.S.A.); (R.M.E.-A.)
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
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Atallah OO, Osman A, Ali MA, Sitohy M. Soybean β-conglycinin and catfish cutaneous mucous p22 glycoproteins deteriorate sporangial cell walls of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and suppress cucumber downy mildew. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:3313-3324. [PMID: 33763975 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucumber plants suffer from a serious threatening disease, downy mildew, throughout the growing seasons irrespective of the weather temperature. The causal agent, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, tends to evolve rapidly upon sequential applications of chemical fungicides and generate new progeny possessing tolerance to such fungicides. Glycoproteins represent an environmentally safe alternative for chemically synthetized fungicides and do not trigger fungicide resistance. We studied the antifungal activity of four glycoproteins namely soybean β-conglycinin, chickpea vicilin, duck egg ovomucin and catfish p22 against P. cubensis. Ten commercial fungicides of different chemical groups were used as positive controls of glycoprotein treatments. RESULTS The results revealed that soybean β-conglycinin and catfish p22 glycoproteins possess significant antifungal activity against P. cubensis. The amount of disease suppression caused by β-conglycinin and p22 was comparable to the highly efficient chemical fungicides containing copper oxychloride, cymoxanil and fosetyl Al as active ingredients. Vicilin and ovomucin were less efficient biocides as they gave moderate suppression of disease severity. However, all tested glycoproteins provided full protection for the newly emerged cucumber leaves. Microscopic examination of glycoprotein-treated leaves inferred the ability of catfish p22 and soybean β-conglycinin to disrupt the integrity of sporangial cell walls of P. cubensis rendering them non-viable compared to untreated ones. Expression levels of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were elevated upon glycoproteins application, which infers their involvement in disease suppression. CONCLUSION This report emphasizes the direct and indirect roles of glycoproteins in safe management of cucumber downy mildew disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama O Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed As Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kang SH, Sun YD, Atallah OO, Huguet-Tapia JC, Noble JD, Folimonova SY. A Long Non-Coding RNA of Citrus tristeza virus: Role in the Virus Interplay with the Host Immunity. Viruses 2019; 11:E436. [PMID: 31091710 PMCID: PMC6563247 DOI: 10.3390/v11050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) produces a non-coding subgenomic RNA referred to as low-molecular-weight tristeza 1 (LMT1), which for a long time has been considered as a by-product of the complex CTV replication machinery. In this study, we investigated the role of LMT1 in the virus infection cycle using a CTV variant that does not produce LMT1 (CTV-LMT1d). We showed that lack of LMT1 did not halt virus ability to replicate or form proper virions. However, the mutant virus demonstrated significantly reduced invasiveness and systemic spread in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as an inability to establish infection in citrus. Introduction of CTV-LMT1d into the herbaceous host resulted in elevation of the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-responsive pathogenesis-related genes beyond those upon inoculation with wild-type (WT) virus (CTV-WT). Further analysis showed that the LMT1 RNA produced by CTV-WT or via ectopic expression in the N. benthamiana leaves suppressed SA accumulation and up-regulated an alternative oxidase gene, which appeared to mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant viral long non-coding RNA being involved in counter-acting host response by subverting the SA-mediated plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Yong-Duo Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Osama O Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | | | - Jerald D Noble
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Svetlana Y Folimonova
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Kang SH, Atallah OO, Sun YD, Folimonova SY. Functional diversification upon leader protease domain duplication in the Citrus tristeza virus genome: Role of RNA sequences and the encoded proteins. Virology 2017; 514:192-202. [PMID: 29197719 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Viruses from the family Closteroviridae show an example of intra-genome duplications of more than one gene. In addition to the hallmark coat protein gene duplication, several members possess a tandem duplication of papain-like leader proteases. In this study, we demonstrate that domains encoding the L1 and L2 proteases in the Citrus tristeza virus genome underwent a significant functional divergence at the RNA and protein levels. We show that the L1 protease is crucial for viral accumulation and establishment of initial infection, whereas its coding region is vital for virus transport. On the other hand, the second protease is indispensable for virus infection of its natural citrus host, suggesting that L2 has evolved an important adaptive function that mediates virus interaction with the woody host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Kang
- University of Florida, Plant Pathology Department, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Osama O Atallah
- University of Florida, Plant Pathology Department, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yong-Duo Sun
- University of Florida, Plant Pathology Department, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Atallah OO, Kang SH, El-Mohtar CA, Shilts T, Bergua M, Folimonova SY. A 5′-proximal region of the Citrus tristeza virus genome encoding two leader proteases is involved in virus superinfection exclusion. Virology 2016; 489:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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