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Berthelson PR, Ghassemi P, Wood JW, Stubblefield GG, Al-Graitti AJ, Jones MD, Horstemeyer MF, Chowdhury S, Prabhu RK. A finite element-guided mathematical surrogate modeling approach for assessing occupant injury trends across variations in simplified vehicular impact conditions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:1065-1079. [PMID: 33881704 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A finite element (FE)-guided mathematical surrogate modeling methodology is presented for evaluating relative injury trends across varied vehicular impact conditions. The prevalence of crash-induced injuries necessitates the quantification of the human body's response to impacts. FE modeling is often used for crash analyses but requires time and computational cost. However, surrogate modeling can predict injury trends between the FE data, requiring fewer FE simulations to evaluate the complete testing range. To determine the viability of this methodology for injury assessment, crash-induced occupant head injury criterion (HIC15) trends were predicted from Kriging models across varied impact velocities (10-45 mph; 16.1-72.4 km/h), locations (near side, far side, front, and rear), and angles (-45 to 45°) and compared to previously published data. These response trends were analyzed to locate high-risk target regions. Impact velocity and location were the most influential factors, with HIC15 increasing alongside the velocity and proximity to the driver. The impact angle was dependent on the location and was minimally influential, often producing greater HIC15 under oblique angles. These model-based head injury trends were consistent with previously published data, demonstrating great promise for the proposed methodology, which provides effective and efficient quantification of human response across a wide variety of car crash scenarios, simultaneously. This study presents a finite element-guided mathematical surrogate modeling methodology to evaluate occupant injury response trends for a wide range of impact velocities (10-45 mph), locations, and angles (-45 to 45°). Head injury response trends were predicted and compared to previously published data to assess the efficacy of the methodology for assessing occupant response to variations in impact conditions. Velocity and location were the most influential factors on the head injury response, with the risk increasing alongside greater impact velocity and locational proximity to the driver. Additionally, the angle of impact variable was dependent on the location and, thus, had minimal independent influence on the head injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Berthelson
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - P Ghassemi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, 246 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - J W Wood
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - G G Stubblefield
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - A J Al-Graitti
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - M D Jones
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - M F Horstemeyer
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - S Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, 246 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - R K Prabhu
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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Horstemeyer MF, Berthelson PR, Moore J, Persons AK, Dobbins A, Prabhu RK. A Mechanical Brain Damage Framework Used to Model Abnormal Brain Tau Protein Accumulations of National Football League Players. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1873-1888. [PMID: 31372858 PMCID: PMC6757135 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mechanics-based brain damage framework is used to model the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated p-tau associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy within the brains of deceased National Football League (NFL) players studied at Boston University and to provide a framework for understanding the damage mechanisms. p-tau damage is formulated as the multiplicative decomposition of three independently evolving damage internal state variables (ISVs): nucleation related to number density, growth related to the average area, and coalescence related to the nearest neighbor distance. The ISVs evolve under different rates for three well known mechanical boundary conditions, which in themselves introduce three different rates making a total of nine scenarios, that we postulate are related to brain damage progression: (1) monotonic overloads, (2) cyclic fatigue which corresponds to repetitive impacts, and (3) creep which is correlated to damage accumulation over time. Different NFL player positions are described to capture the different types of damage progression. Skill position players, such as quarterbacks, are expected to exhibit a greater p-tau protein accumulation during low cycle fatigue (higher amplitude impacts with a lesser number), and linemen who exhibit a greater p-tau protein accumulation during high cycle fatigue (lower amplitude impacts with a greater number of impacts). This mechanics-based damage framework presents a foundation for developing a multiscale model for traumatic brain injury that combines mechanics with biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Horstemeyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA. .,Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA. .,School of Engineering, Liberty University, 1971 Liberty Avenue, Lynchburg, VA, 24515, USA.
| | - P R Berthelson
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA.,Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman St., Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - J Moore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.,Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - A K Persons
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.,Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - A Dobbins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - R K Prabhu
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA.,Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, 130 Creelman St., Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
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