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Menotti F, Scutera S, Maniscalco E, Coppola B, Bondi A, Costa C, Longo F, Mandras N, Pagano C, Cavallo L, Banche G, Malandrino M, Palmero P, Allizond V. Is Silver Addition to Scaffolds Based on Polycaprolactone Blended with Calcium Phosphates Able to Inhibit Candida albicans and Candida auris Adhesion and Biofilm Formation? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2784. [PMID: 38474027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. periprosthetic joint infections are rare but difficult-to-treat events, with a slow onset, unspecific symptoms or signs, and a significant relapse risk. Treatment with antifungals meets with little success, whereas prosthesis removal improves the outcome. In fact, Candida spp. adhere to orthopedic devices and grow forming biofilms that contribute to the persistence of this infection and relapse, and there is insufficient evidence that the use of antifungals has additional benefits for anti-biofilm activity. To date, studies on the direct antifungal activity of silver against Candida spp. are still scanty. Additionally, polycaprolactone (PCL), either pure or blended with calcium phosphate, could be a good candidate for the design of 3D scaffolds as engineered bone graft substitutes. Thus, the present research aimed to assess the antifungal and anti-biofilm activity of PCL-based constructs by the addition of antimicrobials, for instance, silver, against C. albicans and C. auris. The appearance of an inhibition halo around silver-functionalized PCL scaffolds for both C. albicans and C. auris was revealed, and a significant decrease in both adherent and planktonic yeasts further demonstrated the release of Ag+ from the 3D constructs. Due to the combined antifungal, osteoproliferative, and biodegradable properties, PCL-based 3D scaffolds enriched with silver showed good potential for bone tissue engineering and offer a promising strategy as an ideal anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm tool for the reduction in prosthetic joints of infections caused by Candida spp. by using antimicrobial molecule-targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Menotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Scutera
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maniscalco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bondi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Longo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Pagano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Menotti F, Scutera S, Coppola B, Longo F, Mandras N, Cavallo L, Comini S, Sparti R, Fiume E, Cuffini AM, Banche G, Palmero P, Allizond V. Tuning of Silver Content on the Antibacterial and Biological Properties of Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate 3D-Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3618. [PMID: 37688244 PMCID: PMC10489712 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in tissue engineering, in which biomaterials play a pivotal role in promoting bone regeneration. Furthermore, smart functionalization can provide biomaterials with the additional role of preventing orthopedic infections. Due to the growing microbial resistance to antimicrobials used to treat those infections, metal ions, such as silver, thanks to their known wide range of bactericidal properties, are believed to be promising additives in developing antibacterial biomaterials. In this work, novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based 3D scaffolds have been designed and developed, where the polymer matrix was modified with both silver (Ag), to supply antibacterial behavior, and calcium phosphates (biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) particles to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties. The microstructural analysis showed that constructs were characterized by square-shaped macropores, in line with the morphology and size of the templating salts used as pore formers. Degradation tests demonstrated the important role of calcium phosphates in improving PCL hydrophilicity, leading to a higher degradation degree for BCP/PCL composites compared to the neat polymer after 18 days of soaking. The appearance of an inhibition halo around the silver-functionalized PCL scaffolds for assayed microorganisms and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in both adherent and planktonic bacteria demonstrate the Ag+ release from the 3D constructs. Furthermore, the PCL scaffolds enriched with the lowest silver percentages did not hamper the viability and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. A synergic combination of antimicrobial, osteoproliferative and biodegradable features provided to 3D scaffolds the required potential for bone tissue engineering, beside anti-microbial properties for reduction in prosthetic joints infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Menotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Sara Scutera
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Fabio Longo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Lorenza Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Sara Comini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Rosaria Sparti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Elisa Fiume
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (F.L.); (N.M.); (L.C.); (R.S.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
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Mohammadi M, Coppola B, Montanaro L, Palmero P. Digital light processing of high-strength hydroxyapatite ceramics: role of particle size and printing parameters on microstructural defects and mechanical properties. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coppola B, Montanaro L, Palmero P. DLP Fabrication of Zirconia Scaffolds Coated with HA/β-TCP Layer: Role of Scaffold Architecture on Mechanical and Biological Properties. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030148. [PMID: 36135583 PMCID: PMC9504929 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to merge high-mechanical properties and suitable bioactivity in a single scaffold, zirconia porous structures are here coated with a hydroxyapatite layer. The digital light processing (DLP) technique is used to fabricate two types of scaffolds: simple lattice structures, with different sizes between struts (750, 900 and 1050 µm), and more complex trabecular ones, these latter designed to better mimic the bone structure. Mechanical tests performed on samples sintered at 1400 °C provided a linear trend with a decrease in the compressive strength by increasing the porosity amount, achieving compressive strengths ranging between 128–177 MPa for lattice scaffolds and 34 MPa for trabecular ones. Scaffolds were successfully coated by dipping the sintered samples in a hydroxyapatite (HA) alcoholic suspension, after optimizing the HA solid loading at 20 wt%. After calcination at 1300 °C, the coating layer, composed of a mixture of HA and β-TCP (β-TriCalcium Phospate) adhered well to the zirconia substrate. The coated samples showed a proper bioactivity, well pronounced after 14 days of immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF), with a more homogeneous apatite layer formation into the trabecular samples compared to the lattice ones.
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Comini S, Scutera S, Sparti R, Banche G, Coppola B, Bertea CM, Bianco G, Gatti N, Cuffini AM, Palmero P, Allizond V. Combination of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Biomaterials and Essential Oils to Achieve Anti-Bacterial and Osteo-Proliferative Properties for 3D-Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091873. [PMID: 36145620 PMCID: PMC9506294 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical implants, an essential part of the medical treatments, still suffer from bacterial infections that hamper patients’ recovery and lives. Antibiotics are widely used to cure those infections but brought antibiotic resistance. Essential oils (EOs) demonstrate excellent antimicrobial activity and low resistance development risk. However, EO application in medicine is still quite scarce and almost no research work considers its use in combination with bioresorbable biomaterials, such as the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer. This work aimed to combine the antibacterial properties of EOs and their components, particularly eugenol and cinnamon oil, against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Escherichia coli, with those of PCL for medical applications in which good tissue regeneration and antimicrobial effects are required. The PCL porous scaffolds, added with increasing (from 30% to 50%) concentrations of eugenol and cinnamon oil, were characterized by square-shaped macropores. Saos-2 cells’ cell viability/proliferation was hampered by 40 and 50% EO-enriched PCL, whereas no cytotoxic effect was recorded for both 30% EO-added PCL and pure-PCL. The antibacterial tests revealed the presence of a small inhibition halo around the 30% eugenol and cinnamon oil-functionalized PCL scaffolds only for staphylococci, whereas a significant decrease on both adherent and planktonic bacteria was recorded for all the three microorganisms, thus proving that, even if the EOs are only in part released by the EO-added PCL scaffolds, an anti-adhesive feature is anyway achieved. The scaffold will have the ability to support new tissue formation and simultaneously will be able to prevent post-surgical infection. This research shows the great potential in the use of EOs or their single components, at low concentrations, for biomaterial functionalization with enhanced anti-bacterial and biointegration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Scutera
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sparti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.M.C.); Tel.: +39-011-670-5627 (G.B.); +39-011-670-5638 (A.M.C.)
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Margherita Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Gatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.M.C.); Tel.: +39-011-670-5627 (G.B.); +39-011-670-5638 (A.M.C.)
| | - Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Inserra B, Coppola B, Montanaro L, Tulliani JM, Palmero P. Preparation and characterization of Ce-ZrO2/Al2O3 composites by DLP-based stereolithography. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Coppola B, Schmitt J, Lacondemine T, Tardivat C, Montanaro L, Palmero P. Digital light processing stereolithography of zirconia ceramics: Slurry elaboration and orientation-reliant mechanical properties. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comini S, Sparti R, Coppola B, Mohammadi M, Scutera S, Menotti F, Banche G, Cuffini AM, Palmero P, Allizond V. Novel Silver-Functionalized Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds Designed to Counteract Post-Surgical Infections in Orthopedic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10176. [PMID: 34576339 PMCID: PMC8471985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and developed novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based biomaterials, for use as bone scaffolds, through modification with both biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties, and with silver nitrate, to provide antibacterial protection against Staphylococcus aureus, a microorganism involved in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the samples were characterized by square-shaped macropores, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of PCL and BCP phases, while inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) established the release of Ag+ in the medium (~0.15-0.8 wt% of initial Ag content). Adhesion assays revealed a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in both adherent and planktonic staphylococci on the Ag-functionalized biomaterials, and the presence of an inhibition halo confirmed Ag release from enriched samples. To assess the potential outcome in promoting bone integration, preliminary tests on sarcoma osteogenic-2 (Saos-2) cells indicated PCL and BCP/PCL biocompatibility, but a reduction in viability was observed for Ag-added biomaterials. Due to their combined biodegrading and antimicrobial properties, the silver-enriched BCP/PCL-based scaffolds showed good potential for engineering of bone tissue and for reducing PJIs as a microbial anti-adhesive tool used in the delivery of targeted antimicrobial molecules, even if the amount of silver needs to be tuned to improve osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comini
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Rosaria Sparti
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Sara Scutera
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Menotti
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Paola Palmero
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
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Coppola B, Tardivat C, Richaud S, Tulliani JM, Montanaro L, Palmero P. Alkali-activated refractory wastes exposed to high temperatures: development and characterization. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Reveron H, Liens A, Chevalier J, Fornabaio M, Palmero P, Montanaro L, Fürderer T, Schomer S, Adolfsson E, Courtois N. New “ductile” zirconia-based ceramics for the development of dental implants. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1713482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Reveron
- Université de Lyon-INSA de Lyon, MATEIS CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Liens
- Université de Lyon-INSA de Lyon, MATEIS CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Chevalier
- Université de Lyon-INSA de Lyon, MATEIS CNRS UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Fornabaio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, LINCE Lab., Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P. Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, LINCE Lab., Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L. Montanaro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, LINCE Lab., Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - T. Fürderer
- DOCERAM, MOESCHTER GROUP Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Schomer
- DOCERAM, MOESCHTER GROUP Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - E. Adolfsson
- Ceramic Materials, Swerea IVF AB, Mölndal, Sweden
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Reveron H, Fornabaio M, Palmero P, Fürderer T, Adolfsson E, Lughi V, Bonifacio A, Sergo V, Montanaro L, Chevalier J. Towards long lasting zirconia-based composites for dental implants: Transformation induced plasticity and its consequence on ceramic reliability. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:423-432. [PMID: 27867109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia-based composites were developed through an innovative processing route able to tune compositional and microstructural features very precisely. Fully-dense ceria-stabilized zirconia ceramics (84vol% Ce-TZP) containing equiaxed alumina (8vol%Al2O3) and elongated strontium hexa-aluminate (8vol% SrAl12O19) second phases were obtained by conventional sintering. This work deals with the effect of the zirconia stabilization degree (CeO2 in the range 10.0-11.5mol%) on the transformability and mechanical properties of Ce-TZP-Al2O3-SrAl12O19 materials. Vickers hardness, biaxial flexural strength and Single-edge V-notched beam tests revealed a strong influence of ceria content on the mechanical properties. Composites with 11.0mol% CeO2 or above exhibited the classical behaviour of brittle ceramics, with no apparent plasticity and very low strain to failure. On the contrary, composites with 10.5mol% CeO2 or less showed large transformation-induced plasticity and almost no dispersion in strength data. Materials with 10.5mol% of ceria showed the highest values in terms of biaxial bending strength (up to 1.1GPa) and fracture toughness (>10MPa√m). In these ceramics, as zirconia transformation precedes failure, the Weibull modulus was exceptionally high and reached a value of 60, which is in the range typically reported for metals. The results achieved demonstrate the high potential of using these new strong, tough and stable zirconia-based composites in structural biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Yttria-stabilized (Y-TZP) zirconia ceramics are increasingly used for developing metal-free restorations and dental implants. Despite their success related to their excellent mechanical resistance, Y-TZP can undergo Low Temperature Degradation which could be responsible for restoration damage or even worst the failure of the implant. Current research is focusing on strategies to improve the LTD resistance of Y-TZP or to develop alternative composites with better stability in vivo. In this work the mechanical characterization of a new type of very-stable zirconia-based composites is presented. These materials are composed of ceria-stabilized zirconia (84vol%Ce-TZP) containing two second phases (α-alumina and strontium hexa-aluminate) and exhibit exceptional strength, toughness and ductility, which may allow the processing of dental implants with a perfect reliability and longer lifetime.
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Altmann B, Rabel K, Kohal RJ, Proksch S, Tomakidi P, Adolfsson E, Bernsmann F, Palmero P, Fürderer T, Steinberg T. Cellular transcriptional response to zirconia-based implant materials. Dent Mater 2017; 33:241-255. [PMID: 28087075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adequately address clinically important issues such as osseointegration and soft tissue integration, we screened for the direct biological cell response by culturing human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts on novel zirconia-based dental implant biomaterials and subjecting them to transcriptional analysis. METHODS Biomaterials used for osteoblasts involved micro-roughened surfaces made of a new type of ceria-stabilized zirconia composite with two different topographies, zirconium dioxide, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (control). For fibroblasts smooth ceria- and yttria-stabilized zirconia surface were used. The expression of 90 issue-relevant genes was determined on mRNA transcription level by real-time PCR Array technology after growth periods of 1 and 7 days. RESULTS Generally, modulation of gene transcription exhibited a dual dependence, first by time and second by the biomaterial, whereas biomaterial-triggered changes were predominantly caused by the biomaterials' chemistry rather than surface topography. Per se, modulated genes assigned to regenerative tissue processes such as fracture healing and wound healing and in detail included colony stimulating factors (CSF2 and CSF3), growth factors, which regulate bone matrix properties (e.g. BMP3 and TGFB1), osteogenic BMPs (BMP2/4/6/7) and transcription factors (RUNX2 and SP7), matrix collagens and osteocalcin, laminins as well as integrin ß1 and MMP-2. SIGNIFICANCE With respect to the biomaterials under study, the screening showed that a new zirconia-based composite stabilized with ceria may be promising to provide clinically desired periodontal tissue integration. Moreover, by detecting biomarkers modulated in a time- and/or biomaterial-dependent manner, we identified candidate genes for the targeted analysis of cell-implant bioresponse during biomaterial research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Altmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Rabel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf J Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Falk Bernsmann
- NTTF Coatings GmbH, Maarweg 30, 53619 Rheinbreitbach, Germany
| | - Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, LINCE Lab., Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Tobias Fürderer
- MOESCHTER GROUP Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Hesslingsweg 65-67, 44309 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Palmero P, Colle I, Lemmens L, Panozzo A, Nguyen TTM, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Enzymatic cell wall degradation of high-pressure-homogenized tomato puree and its effect on lycopene bioaccessibility. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:254-261. [PMID: 25640738 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-pressure homogenization disrupts cell structures, assisting carotenoid release from the matrix and subsequent micellarization. However, lycopene bioaccessibility of tomato puree upon high-pressure homogenization is limited by the formation of a process-induced barrier. In this context, cell wall-degrading enzymes were applied to hydrolyze the formed barrier and enhance lycopene bioaccessibility. RESULTS The effectiveness of the enzymes in degrading their corresponding substrates was evaluated (consistency, amount of reducing sugars, molar mass distribution and immunolabeling). An in vitro digestion procedure was applied to evaluate the effect of the enzymatic treatments on lycopene bioaccessibility. Enzymatic treatments with pectinases and cellulase were proved to effectively degrade their corresponding cell wall polymers; however, no further significant increase in lycopene bioaccessibility was obtained. CONCLUSION A process-induced barrier consisting of cell wall material is not the only factor governing lycopene bioaccessibility upon high-pressure homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palmero
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Colle
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnese Panozzo
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tuyen Thi My Nguyen
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Loey
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Schienle S, Al-Ahmad A, Kohal RJ, Bernsmann F, Adolfsson E, Montanaro L, Palmero P, Fürderer T, Chevalier J, Hellwig E, Karygianni L. Microbial adhesion on novel yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) implant surfaces with nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:N) coatings. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1719-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Palmero P, Fornabaio M, Montanaro L, Reveron H, Esnouf C, Chevalier J. Towards long lasting zirconia-based composites for dental implants. Part I: Innovative synthesis, microstructural characterization and in vitro stability. Biomaterials 2015; 50:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Palmero P. Structural Ceramic Nanocomposites: A Review of Properties and Powders' Synthesis Methods. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2015; 5:656-696. [PMID: 28347029 PMCID: PMC5312897 DOI: 10.3390/nano5020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic nanocomposites are attracting growing interest, thanks to new processing methods enabling these materials to go from the research laboratory scale to the commercial level. Today, many different types of nanocomposite structures are proposed in the literature; however, to fully exploit their exceptional properties, a deep understanding of the materials' behavior across length scales is necessary. In fact, knowing how the nanoscale structure influences the bulk properties enables the design of increasingly performing composite materials. A further key point is the ability of tailoring the desired nanostructured features in the sintered composites, a challenging issue requiring a careful control of all stages of manufacturing, from powder synthesis to sintering. This review is divided into four parts. In the first, classification and general issues of nanostructured ceramics are reported. The second provides basic structure-property relations, highlighting the grain-size dependence of the materials properties. The third describes the role of nanocrystalline second-phases on the mechanical properties of ordinary grain sized ceramics. Finally, the fourth part revises the mainly used synthesis routes to produce nanocomposite ceramic powders, underlining when possible the critical role of the synthesis method on the control of microstructure and properties of the sintered ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, LINCE Lab., Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
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Palmero P, Panozzo A, Simatupang D, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Lycopene and β-carotene transfer to oil and micellar phases during in vitro digestion of tomato and red carrot based-fractions. Food Res Int 2014; 64:831-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ribas-Agustí A, Van Buggenhout S, Palmero P, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Investigating the role of pectin in carrot cell wall changes during thermal processing: A microscopic approach. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Palmero P, Lemmens L, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Role of carotenoid type on the effect of thermal processing on bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2014; 157:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Palmero P, Montanaro L, Reveron H, Chevalier J. Surface Coating of Oxide Powders: A New Synthesis Method to Process Biomedical Grade Nano-Composites. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:5012-5037. [PMID: 28788117 PMCID: PMC5455818 DOI: 10.3390/ma7075012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Composite and nanocomposite ceramics have achieved special interest in recent years when used for biomedical applications. They have demonstrated, in some cases, increased performance, reliability, and stability in vivo, with respect to pure monolithic ceramics. Current research aims at developing new compositions and architectures to further increase their properties. However, the ability to tailor the microstructure requires the careful control of all steps of manufacturing, from the synthesis of composite nanopowders, to their processing and sintering. This review aims at deepening understanding of the critical issues associated with the manufacturing of nanocomposite ceramics, focusing on the key role of the synthesis methods to develop homogeneous and tailored microstructures. In this frame, the authors have developed an innovative method, named "surface-coating process", in which matrix oxide powders are coated with inorganic precursors of the second phase. The method is illustrated into two case studies; the former, on Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) materials for orthopedic applications, and the latter, on Zirconia-based composites for dental implants, discussing the advances and the potential of the method, which can become a valuable alternative to the current synthesis process already used at a clinical and industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palmero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, Laboratorio di Tecnologia ed Ingegnerizzazione dei Materiali Ceramici (LINCE), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Laura Montanaro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, Laboratorio di Tecnologia ed Ingegnerizzazione dei Materiali Ceramici (LINCE), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Helen Reveron
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Blaise Pascal 7, Av. Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne 69621, France.
| | - Jérôme Chevalier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Blaise Pascal 7, Av. Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne 69621, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, Paris 75005, France.
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Palmero P, Lemmens L, Ribas-Agustí A, Sosa C, Met K, de Dieu Umutoni J, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Novel targeted approach to better understand how natural structural barriers govern carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility in vegetable-based systems. Food Chem 2013; 141:2036-43. [PMID: 23870925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
An experimental approach, allowing us to understand the effect of natural structural barriers (cell walls, chromoplast substructures) on carotenoid bioaccessibility, was developed. Different fractions with different levels of carotenoid bio-encapsulation (carotenoid-enriched oil, chromoplasts, small cell clusters, and large cell clusters) were isolated from different types of carrots and tomatoes. An in vitro method was used to determine carotenoid bioaccessibility. In the present work, a significant decrease in carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility could be observed with an increasing level of bio-encapsulation. Differences in cell wall material and chromoplast substructure between matrices influenced carotenoid release and inclusion in micelles. For carrots, cell walls and chromoplast substructure were important barriers for carotenoid bioaccessibility while, in tomatoes, the chromoplast substructure represented the most important barrier governing bioaccessibility. The highest increase in carotenoid bioaccessibility, for all matrices, was obtained after transferring carotenoids into the oil phase, a system lacking cell walls and chromoplast substructures that could hamper carotenoid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palmero
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Naglieri V, Palmero P, Montanaro L, Chevalier J. Elaboration of Alumina-Zirconia Composites: Role of the Zirconia Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:2090-2102. [PMID: 28809262 PMCID: PMC5452505 DOI: 10.3390/ma6052090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alumina-zirconia (AZ) composites are attractive structural materials, which combine the high hardness and Young’s modulus of the alumina matrix with additional toughening effects, due to the zirconia dispersion. In this study, AZ composites containing different amounts of zirconia (in the range 5–20 vol %) were prepared by a wet chemical method, consisting on the surface coating of alumina powders by mixing them with zirconium salt aqueous solutions. After spray-drying, powders were calcined at 600 °C for 1 h. Green bodies were then prepared by two methods: uniaxial pressing of spray-dried granules and slip casting of slurries, obtained by re-dispersing the spray dried granulates. After pressureless sintering at 1500 °C for 1 h, the slip cast samples gave rise to fully dense materials, characterized by a quite homogeneous distribution of ZrO2 grains in the alumina matrix. The microstructure, phase composition, tetragonal to monoclinic transformation behavior and mechanical properties were investigated and are here discussed as a function of the ZrO2 content. The material containing 10 vol % ZrO2 presented a relevant hardness and exhibited the maximum value of KI0, mainly imputable to the t → m transformation at the crack tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Naglieri
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia ed Ingegnerizzazione dei Materiali Ceramici (LINCE) Lab., Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Paola Palmero
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia ed Ingegnerizzazione dei Materiali Ceramici (LINCE) Lab., Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Laura Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Tecnologia ed Ingegnerizzazione dei Materiali Ceramici (LINCE) Lab., Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM R.U. PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Jérôme Chevalier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Blaise Pascal 7, Av. Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne 69621, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, Paris 75005, France.
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Lehmann G, Cacciotti I, Palmero P, Montanaro L, Bianco A, Campagnolo L, Camaioni A. Differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast precursors on pure and silicon-substituted synthesized hydroxyapatites. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:055001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lombardi M, Palmero P, Sangermano M, Varesano A. Electrospun polyamide-6 membranes containing titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Malucelli G, Palmero P, Ronchetti S, Delmastro A, Montanaro L. Effect of various alumina nano-fillers on the thermal and mechanical behaviour of low-density polyethylene-Al 2O 3composites. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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