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Chen J, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Xu Y, Piroli P, Hwang R, DeFreitas L, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Nandakumar R, Wenk MR, Marquer C. Lysosomal phospholipase A2 contributes to the biosynthesis of the atypical late endosome lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. Commun Biol 2023; 6:210. [PMID: 36823305 PMCID: PMC9950130 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The late endosome/lysosome (LE/Lys) lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) plays major roles in cargo sorting and degradation, regulation of cholesterol and intercellular communication and has been linked to viral infection and neurodegeneration. Although BMP was initially described over fifty years ago, the enzymes regulating its synthesis remain unknown. The first step in the BMP biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) into lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme. Here we report that this enzyme is lysosomal PLA2 (LPLA2). We show that LPLA2 is sufficient to convert PG into LPG in vitro. We show that modulating LPLA2 levels regulates BMP levels in HeLa cells, and affects downstream pathways such as LE/Lys morphology and cholesterol levels. Finally, we show that in a model of Niemann-Pick disease type C, overexpressing LPLA2 alleviates the LE/Lys cholesterol accumulation phenotype. Altogether, we shed new light on BMP biosynthesis and contribute tools to regulate BMP-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinda Chen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paola Piroli
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robert Hwang
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Laura DeFreitas
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
- AliveX Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Catherine Marquer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.
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