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Vicuña L, Fernandez MI, Vial C, Valdebenito P, Chaparro E, Espinoza K, Ziegler A, Bustamante A, Eyheramendy S. Adaptation to Extreme Environments in an Admixed Human Population from the Atacama Desert. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2468-2479. [PMID: 31384924 PMCID: PMC6733355 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic xenobiotic and carcinogen associated with severe health conditions. The urban population from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile was exposed to extremely high As levels (up to 600 µg/l) in drinking water between 1958 and 1971, leading to increased incidence of urinary bladder cancer (BC), skin cancer, kidney cancer, and coronary thrombosis decades later. Besides, the Andean Native-American ancestors of the Atacama population were previously exposed for millennia to elevated As levels in water (∼120 µg/l) for at least 5,000 years, suggesting adaptation to this selective pressure. Here, we performed two genome-wide selection tests—PBSn1 and an ancestry-enrichment test—in an admixed population from Atacama, to identify adaptation signatures to As exposure acquired before and after admixture with Europeans, respectively. The top second variant selected by PBSn1 was associated with LCE4A-C1orf68, a gene that may be involved in the immune barrier of the epithelium during BC. We performed association tests between the top PBSn1 hits and BC occurrence in our population. The strongest association (P = 0.012) was achieved by the LCE4A-C1orf68 variant. The ancestry-enrichment test detected highly significant signals (P = 1.3 × 10−9) mapping MAK16, a gene with important roles in ribosome biogenesis during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in adaptation to the pathophysiological consequences of As exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vicuña
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario I Fernandez
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Annemarie Ziegler
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Susana Eyheramendy
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
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Fernández MI, Valdebenito P, Delgado I, Segebre J, Chaparro E, Fuentealba D, Castillo M, Vial C, Barroso JP, Ziegler A, Bustamante A. Impact of arsenic exposure on clinicopathological characteristics of bladder cancer: A comparative study between patients from an arsenic-exposed region and nonexposed reference sites. Urol Oncol 2019; 38:40.e1-40.e7. [PMID: 31630994 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond exposure to arsenic in drinking-water, there is few information about demographic and clinicopathological features of patients with bladder cancer living in arsenic-exposed regions. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of arsenic exposure on clinicopathological characteristics in patients with bladder cancer from a contaminated region compared to those of 2 reference areas. METHODS Data of 285 patients with bladder cancer (83 with arsenic exposure from Antofagasta and 202 controls from 2 different sites in Santiago) were obtained through personal interviews and from review of medical records. Demographic, clinicopathological parameters, and information on relevant environmental risk factors were compared with parametric and nonparametric tests as needed. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for high grade and muscle-invasive disease (T2-4). RESULTS We found no significant differences between groups regarding age at presentation (66.4 vs. 66.5 and 67.2 years; P = 0.69, for exposed vs. the 2 nonexposed groups, respectively) and female gender (28.9% vs. 29.8% and 26.2%; P = 0.84). Proportion of current smokers was significantly lower in the exposed population (10.7% vs. 38.6% and 26.9%; P < 0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of locally advanced (10.8 vs. 1.8 and 0.7% T3/4; P = 0.002) and high-grade tumors (79.5% vs. 63.2% and 64.1%; P = 0.001) within arsenic-exposed patients. Arsenic exposure was the only significant predictor for the presence of high-grade tumors (adjusted OR: 5.10; 95%CI: 2.03-12.77) on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed relevant clinical differences in bladder cancer patients with a history of arsenic exposure as compared to nonexposed cases. The more aggressive phenotype associated to arsenic-related bladder cancer should be considered when designing efficient screening strategies for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Fernández
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Iris Delgado
- Center for Public Policies, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Segebre
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Chaparro
- Department of Urology, Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - David Fuentealba
- Department of Urology, Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Martín Castillo
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Barroso
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Annemarie Ziegler
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Bustamante
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
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Fernandez M, Vicuña L, Valdebenito P, Chaparro E, Vial C, Ziegler A, Bustamante A, Eyheramendy S. MP65-03 GENOMIC ANALYSIS ON SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO ARSENIC IDENTIFIES GENETIC RISK VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH BLADDER CANCER AND VARIANTS UNDER RECENT ADAPTIVE SELECTION. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fernandez MI, Vial C, Valdebenito P, Chaparro E, Espinoza K, Repetto G. MP68-16 ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC VARIANTS WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF BLADDER CANCER IN AN ARSENIC-EXPOSED POPULATION. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silva B, Vidal A, Vargas F, Valdebenito P, Araya F, De la Torre J, Maldonado E. SCHU-31: Percutaneous Renal Surgery in the Valdivia Uria Position: Our Experience in 70 Cases. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vidal A, Silva B, Vargas F, Valdebenito P, Araya F, De la Torre J, Maldonado E. SCHU-26: Tubeless Percutaneous Renal Surgery in the Supine Position: Initial Experience. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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