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Dowden RA, Wisniewski PJ, Longoria CR, Oydanich M, McNulty T, Rodriguez E, Zhang J, Cavallo M, Guers JJ, Vatner DE, Vatner SF, Campbell SC. Microbiota Mediate Enhanced Exercise Capacity Induced by Exercise Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1392-1400. [PMID: 36924325 PMCID: PMC10363229 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise training, i.e., skeletal muscle blood flow, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in male mice. METHODS All mice received a graded exercise test before (PRE) and after exercise training via forced treadmill running at 60% to 70% of maximal running capacity 5 d·wk -1 for 5 wk (POST). To examine the role of the gut microbes, the graded exercise was repeated after 7 d of access to antibiotic (ABX)-treated water, used to eliminate gut microbes. Peripheral blood flow, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were collected at each time point. RESULTS Exercise training led to increases of 60% ± 13% in maximal running distance and 63% ± 11% work to exhaustion ( P < 0.001). These increases were abolished after ABX ( P < 0.001). Exercise training increased hindlimb blood flow and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function, including AMP-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1, PGC-1α citrate synthase, complex IV, and nitric oxide, all of which were also abolished by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept that gut microbiota mediate enhanced exercise capacity after exercise training and the mechanisms responsible, i.e., hindlimb blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic profile. Finally, results of this study emphasize the need to fully examine the impact of prescribing ABX to athletes during their training regimens and how this may affect their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Dowden
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Paul J. Wisniewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Candace R. Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Tara McNulty
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Cavallo
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - John J. Guers
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | - Dorothy E. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Stephen F. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Saxena A, Mitchell C, Wilson K, Rutkovsky A, Wisniewski PJ, Dopkins N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Busbee B. I3C-MEDIATED PROTECTION AGAINST COLITIS DEPENDENT ON AHR EXPRESSION ON VIL1-EXPRESSING COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.115.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) often causes side effects warranting safe therapeutic strategies to control the pathogenesis of colitis. Current study was aimed to ascertain the possible role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in vil1-expressing colonic epithelial cells (CECs) during I3C-mediated protection against colitis. We investigated how intestinal regulatory mediators were altered in the absence or presence of AhR in CECs during I3C treatment under colitis or colitis-like conditions. We generated conditional AhR knockout mice in vil1-expressing CECs using the cre-flox system and induced colitis using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. Results showed that the mice with AhR deficiency in CECs (AV mice) lost the protective effects of I3C treatment during colitis and had a higher disease score with increased inflammation in the colon compared to the controls. Also, after treatment with I3C during DSS-induced colitis, AV mice were not able to prevent colitis-associated gut microbial dysbiosis even though flow cytometry analysis revealed AV mice were still capable of increasing IL-22 production by ILC3s in the colon. IL-22-ILC3 immune cell response was not the only major mechanism involved in I3C-mediated protection against colitis and regulation of the gut microbiome. Transcriptome analysis of RNA isolated from enriched CECs of experimental mice showed significant altered expression of several microRNAs, mucins (muc3 and muc13), and tight junction proteins in AV mice compared to controls. PCR gene expression data and direct effects of I3C on CECs using colonic organoids validated these results. In summary, AhR expression in CECs play a critical role in I3C-mediated prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandani Mitchell
- 2Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Keisha Wilson
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Alex Rutkovsky
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - PJ Wisniewski
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
- 4Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas Dopkins
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Brandon Busbee
- 3Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
- 4Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
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Sultan M, Alghetaa H, Mohammed A, Abdulla OA, Wisniewski PJ, Singh N, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Downregulating miRNA that Target Inflammatory Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644281. [PMID: 33995054 PMCID: PMC8113864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as a type of respiratory failure that is caused by a variety of insults such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma and certain viral infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of an endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), on ARDS induced in the mouse by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB). Administration of a single intranasal dose of SEB in mice and treated with exogenous AEA at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight led to the amelioration of ARDS in mice. Clinically, plethysmography results indicated that there was an improvement in lung function after AEA treatment accompanied by a decrease of inflammatory cell infiltrate. There was also a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and immune cells including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Vβ8+ T cells, and NK+ T cells in the lungs. Concurrently, an increase in anti-inflammatory phenotypes such as CD11b + Gr1+ Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), CD4 + FOXP3 + Tregs, and CD4+IL10 + cells was observed in the lungs. Microarray data showed that AEA treatment in ARDS mice significantly altered numerous miRNA including downregulation of miRNA-23a-3p, which caused an upregulation of arginase (ARG1), which encodes for arginase, a marker for MDSCs, as well as TGF-β2, which induces Tregs. AEA also caused down-regulation of miRNA-34a-5p which led to induction of FoxP3, a master regulator of Tregs. Transfection of T cells using miRNA-23a-3p or miRNA-34a-5p mimics and inhibitors confirmed that these miRNAs targeted ARG1, TGFβ2 and FoxP3. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study suggests that endocannabinoids such as AEA can attenuate ARDS induced by SEB by suppressing inflammation through down-regulation of key miRNA that regulate immunosuppressive pathways involving the induction of MDSCs and Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hasan Alghetaa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amirah Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Paul J Wisniewski
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
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Wisniewski PJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Stemness by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Ligands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638725. [PMID: 33777031 PMCID: PMC7988095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis requires the integration of immunological and molecular processes together with environmental, diet, metabolic and microbial cues. Key to this homeostasis is the proper functioning of epithelial cells originating from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). While local factors and numerous molecular pathways govern the ISC niche, the conduit through which these processes work in concordance is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, whose role in immunoregulation is critical at barrier surfaces. In this review, we discuss how AhR signaling is emerging as one of the critical regulators of molecular pathways involved in epithelial cell renewal. In addition, we examine the putative contribution of specific AhR ligands to ISC stemness and epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wisniewski
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Longoria CR, Wisniewski PJ, Dowden RA, Malonza N, Campbell SC. Exercise Attenuates Weight Gain And Modulates Satiety Hormones In Female Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000687176.63801.c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wisniewski PJ, Malonza N, Hall LA, Dowden RA, Campbell SC. Exercise and High-Fat Diets Upregulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Sensors and Muc2 in Female Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000563422.61093.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wisniewski PJ, Joseph LB, Lightfoot SA, Dowden RA, Guers J, Vatner SF, Campbell SC. Antibiotics Reduce While Forced-Exercise Increases Inflammation in the Small Intestine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535805.07778.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rieder R, Wisniewski PJ, Alderman BL, Campbell SC. Microbes and mental health: A review. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:9-17. [PMID: 28131791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the microorganisms inhabiting the gut (gastrointestinal microbiota) and human health. The emergence of a microbiota-gut-brain axis to describe the complex networks and relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiota and host reflects the major influence this environment may have in brain health and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the CNS occurs through autonomic, neuroendocrine, enteric, and immune system pathways. Potential neurobiological mechanisms through which disruptions in this network may impact health and disease include hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activation, and altered activity of neurotransmitter and immune systems. Perturbations of the gut microbial community have already been implicated in multiple host diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammation, while recent evidence suggests a potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Here, we review the current literature related to the influence of the gut microbial community on central nervous system function, with a specific focus on anxiety and depressive symptoms. The role of stress and stress-mediated changes in autonomic, neuroendocrine, immune, and neurotransmitter systems are examined, followed by a discussion of the role of the microbiota in novel gastrointestinal-based treatment options for the prevention and treatment of brain-based disorders such as anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rieder
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Paul J Wisniewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; The Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; The Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sara C Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; The Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; The Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Campbell SC, Wisniewski PJ, Noji M, McGuinness LR, Häggblom MM, Lightfoot SA, Joseph LB, Kerkhof LJ. The Effect of Diet and Exercise on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Diversity in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150502. [PMID: 26954359 PMCID: PMC4783017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is now known to play an important role contributing to inflammatory-based chronic diseases. This study examined intestinal integrity/inflammation and the gut microbial communities in sedentary and exercising mice presented with a normal or high-fat diet. METHODS Thirty-six, 6-week old C57BL/6NTac male mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet for 12-weeks and randomly assigned to exercise or sedentary groups. After 12 weeks animals were sacrificed and duodenum/ileum tissues were fixed for immunohistochemistry for occludin, E-cadherin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The bacterial communities were assayed in fecal samples using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. RESULTS Lean sedentary (LS) mice presented normal histologic villi while obese sedentary (OS) mice had similar villi height with more than twice the width of the LS animals. Both lean (LX) and obese exercise (OX) mice duodenum and ileum were histologically normal. COX-2 expression was the greatest in the OS group, followed by LS, LX and OX. The TRFLP and pyrosequencing indicated that members of the Clostridiales order were predominant in all diet groups. Specific phylotypes were observed with exercise, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzi, Clostridium spp., and Allobaculum spp. CONCLUSION These data suggest that exercise has a strong influence on gut integrity and host microbiome which points to the necessity for more mechanistic studies of the interactions between specific bacteria in the gut and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Wisniewski
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Michael Noji
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Lora R. McGuinness
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Max M. Häggblom
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | | | - Laurie B. Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Lee J. Kerkhof
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
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Wisniewski PJ, Campbell SC, Joseph LB, Composto G. Exercise Enhances Intestinal Integrity And Reduces Inflammation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494267.98631.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Campbell SC, Wisniewski PJ, Aydin C, Lightfoot SA. Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced intestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Wisniewski
- Exercise Science and Sports StudiesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ
| | - Christopher Aydin
- Exercise Science and Sports StudiesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ
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Sarmiento JM, Wisniewski PJ, Do NT, Slezak JM, Tayyarah M, Aka PK, Vo TD, Hsu JH. The Kaiser Permanente Experience With Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:906-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sarmiento JM, Wisniewski PJ, Do NT, Slezak JM, Tayyarah M, Aka PK, Vo TD, Hsu JH. PS158. Use of Ultrasound for Percutaneous Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (PEVAR) Reduces Rate of Conversion to Femoral Cutdown. J Vasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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