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Paracha N, Mastrokostas P, Kello E, Gedailovich Y, Segall D, Rizzo A, Mitelberg L, Hassan N, Dowd TL. Osteocalcin improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and secretion in older male mice. Bone 2024; 182:117048. [PMID: 38378083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteocalcin deficient mice (OC-/-), on a mixed 129/BL6J background, were reported to show glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity and reduced insulin secretion at 1-6 mos of age. This is controversial as two studies in OC-/- mice on different backgrounds (C3H/BL6 (5-6 mos.) and C57BL/6N (5 and 9 mos.)) found no effect on glucose metabolism. To determine the role of OC in glucose metabolism we conducted glucose tolerance tests (GTT), insulin tolerances tests (ITT) and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) on 6 and 9.5 month-old male OC-/- and OC+/+ mice on a pure C57BL/6J background and fed a normal chow diet. All results were analyzed with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The GTT results showed no effect on males at 6 months of age but glucose intolerance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in male OC-/- mice at 9.5 months of age. The ITT results indicated significantly increased insulin resistance in male OC-/- mice. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) showed insulin significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in OC-/- at several time points. Mouse Osteocalcin injected into OC-/- mice decreased the glucose level. Our results confirm the role of OC in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and demonstrate a role in insulin secretion in older male mice on a C57BL/6J background. Differences in background, age, or experimental procedures could explain controversial results. A delayed onset of the effect of OC on glucose metabolism at 9.5 months in male C57BL/6J mice highlights the importance of background on phenotype. Consideration of genetic background and age may be beneficial for human studies on osteocalcin and glucose homeostasis and may be relevant to the elderly where osteocalcin is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorulain Paracha
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Paul Mastrokostas
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Evan Kello
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Yosef Gedailovich
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Devorah Segall
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Alexis Rizzo
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Mitelberg
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Naif Hassan
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
| | - Terry Lynne Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry and Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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Tischler EH, Nian PP, Mastrokostas P, Wolfert AJ, Tsai SHL, Ibrahim I, Gross JM, Malik AN, Suneja N. Shots fired: evaluation of vascular injury, compartment syndrome, and transfusion rates among civilian ballistic orthopaedic fracture patients presenting to two Level I trauma centres. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2024:10.1007/s00590-024-03955-1. [PMID: 38693348 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-024-03955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates baseline patient demographics and predictors of vascular injury, blood transfusion, and compartment syndrome in patients with orthopaedic fractures secondary to GSWs at two high-volume Level I trauma centres. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all GSW-related trauma patients at two Level I trauma centres between July 2019 and September 2021 was conducted. Chi-squared and two-tailed independent t tests were used for data analysis, and logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) determined predictors of primary outcomes. RESULTS Among 478 GSW patients, 94 (19.7%) sustained 130 orthopaedic fractures, most commonly at the lower extremity (77.7%). Orthopaedic fracture patients showed significantly higher rates of vascular injury (29.8 vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001), transfusion (27.7 vs. 12.8%, p = 0.006), and compartment syndrome (3.2 vs. 0.3%, p = 0.011) compared to non-orthopaedic injury patients. Univariable analysis identified ankle (OR = 47.50, p < 0.001) and hip/femur fractures (OR = 5.31, p < 0.001) as predictors of vascular injury. Multivariable logistic regression revealed lower extremity vascular injury (OR = 54.69, p = 0.006) and anatomic fracture sites of the humerus (OR = 15.17, p = 0.008), clavicle/scapula (OR = 11.30, p = 0.009), and acetabulum/pelvis (OR = 7.17, p = 0.025) as predictors of blood transfusion. Univariable analysis showed lower extremity vascular injury (OR = 30.14, p = 0.007) as a predictor of compartment syndrome. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of diagnosing and managing vascular injuries and compartment syndrome in GSW-related orthopaedic fractures, emphasizing the necessity for targeted transfusion strategies in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Tischler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Patrick P Nian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Paul Mastrokostas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Wolfert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sung Huang Laurent Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Bone and Joint Research Center and Chang Gung University, F7, No 222 Mai-King Road, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ishaq Ibrahim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gross
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwell Health-Staten Island University Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aden N Malik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lincoln Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nishant Suneja
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lincoln Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Yildirim G, Budell W, Berezovska O, Yagerman S, Maliath S, Mastrokostas P, Tommasini S, Dowd T. Lead induced differences in bone properties in osteocalcin +/+ and −/− female mice. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101672. [PMID: 37064000 PMCID: PMC10090701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major health problem and bone is the major reservoir. Lead is detrimental to bone, affects bone remodeling and is associated with elderly fractures. Osteocalcin (OC) affects bone remodeling, improves fracture resistance and decreases with age and in some diseases. The effect of lead in osteocalcin depleted bone is unknown and of interest. We compared bone mineral properties of control and Pb exposed (from 2 to 6 months) femora from female adult C57BL6 OC+/+ and OC-/- mice using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI), Micro-computed tomography (uCT), bone biomechanical measurements and serum turnover markers (P1NP, CTX). Lead significantly increased turnover in OC+/+ and in OC-/- bones producing increased total volume, area and marrow area/total area with decreased BV/TV compared to controls. The increased turnover decreased mineral/matrix vs. Oc+/+ and increased mineral/matrix and crystallinity vs. OC-/-. PbOC-/- had increased bone formation, cross-sectional area (Imin) and decreased collagen maturity compared OC-/- and PbOC+/+. Imbalanced turnover in PbOC-/- confirmed the role of osteocalcin as a coupler of formation and resorption. Bone strength and stiffness were reduced in OC-/- and PbOC-/- due to reduced material properties vs. OC+/+ and PbOC+/+ respectively. The PbOC-/- bones had increased area to compensate for weaker material properties but were not proportionally stronger for increased size. However, at low lead levels osteocalcin plays the major role in bone strength suggesting increased fracture risk in low Pb2+ exposed elderly could be due to reduced osteocalcin as well. Years of low lead exposure or higher blood lead levels may have an additional effect on bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - W.C. Budell
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - O. Berezovska
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Yagerman
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S.S. Maliath
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - P. Mastrokostas
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T.L. Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Rm. 359 NE, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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