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Nollmann C, Moskorz W, Wimmenauer C, Jäger PS, Cadeddu RP, Timm J, Heinzel T, Haas R. Characterization of CD34 + Cells from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Using a t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) Protocol. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1320. [PMID: 38610998 PMCID: PMC11010974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Using multi-color flow cytometry analysis, we studied the immunophenotypical differences between leukemic cells from patients with AML/MDS and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from patients in complete remission (CR) following their successful treatment. The panel of markers included CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD123 as representatives for a hierarchical hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) classification as well as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Rather than restricting the evaluation on a 2- or 3-dimensional analysis, we applied a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) approach to obtain deeper insight and segregation between leukemic cells and normal HPSCs. For that purpose, we created a t-SNE map, which resulted in the visualization of 27 cell clusters based on their similarity concerning the composition and intensity of antigen expression. Two of these clusters were "leukemia-related" containing a great proportion of CD34+/CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or CD34+ cells with a strong co-expression of CD45RA/CD123, respectively. CD34+ cells within the latter cluster were also highly positive for PD-L1 reflecting their immunosuppressive capacity. Beyond this proof of principle study, the inclusion of additional markers will be helpful to refine the differentiation between normal HSPCs and leukemic cells, particularly in the context of minimal disease detection and antigen-targeted therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we suggest a protocol for the assignment of new cell ensembles in quantitative terms, via a numerical value, the Pearson coefficient, based on a similarity comparison of the t-SNE pattern with a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Nollmann
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Wiebke Moskorz
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany (J.T.)
| | - Christian Wimmenauer
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Paul S. Jäger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
| | - Ron P. Cadeddu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany (J.T.)
| | - Thomas Heinzel
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.N.)
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.S.J.)
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Moskorz W, Cosmovici C, Jäger PS, Cadeddu RP, Timm J, Haas R. Myelodysplastic syndrome patients display alterations in their immune status reflected by increased PD-L1-expressing stem cells and highly dynamic exhausted T-cell frequencies. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:941-945. [PMID: 33954988 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Little data are available for the expression of immune checkpoint (IC) molecules within myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we report increased PD-L1+ CD34+ CD38- and PD-L1+ CD34+ CD38+ stem cell frequencies within MDS patients compared to stem cell recipients in remission. Additionally, we observed exceedingly similar PD1+ and Tim-3+ T-cell frequencies between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and MDS samples that were elevated compared to patients in remission. Furthermore, we found highly dynamic Tim-3+ and PD1+ T-cell frequencies within serial samples of relapsing MDS with excess blasts (MDS-EB II) patients, correlating with further disease markers. These findings support the idea of a potential successful implementation of IC inhibitor treatment in suitable MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Moskorz
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Cosmovici
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul S Jäger
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ron P Cadeddu
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Timm
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rautenberg C, Germing U, Stepanow S, Lauseker M, Köhrer K, Jäger PS, Geyh S, Fan M, Haas R, Kobbe G, Schroeder T. Influence of somatic mutations and pretransplant strategies in patients allografted for myelodysplastic syndrome or secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:E15-E17. [PMID: 33017477 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rautenberg
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Stepanow
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Lauseker
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul S Jäger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Geyh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Min Fan
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine - University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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