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Muschetto E, Cueto GR, Cavia R, Padula PJ, Suárez OV. Long-Term Study of a Hantavirus Reservoir Population in an Urban Protected Area, Argentina. Ecohealth 2018; 15:804-814. [PMID: 30128613 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Green spaces in urban areas can play a key role in protecting wildlife. However, the presence of wildlife in urban areas can lead to human health risks. Although the presence of the rodent species Oligoryzomys flavescens (hantavirus reservoir) has been recorded in cities of Argentina, its population dynamics in this type of habitat is still unknown. Here, we evaluated: (1) long-term spatial and temporal patterns of O. flavescens abundance and how these patterns were influenced by weather factors and (2) the seroprevalence of hantavirus and the identity of the viral lineage circulating in the population that inhabits the Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve, a protected area in the city of Buenos Aires. Genetic results confirmed that the pathogenic ANDES Central Lechiguanas virus is present in O. flavescens populations inhabiting this urban reserve. Abundance of O. flavescens showed interannual and seasonal fluctuations, with maximum values in winter and spring and minimum ones in summer and autumn. Summers with the highest abundances of O. flavescens were preceded by warmer winters, while winters with lower abundances were preceded by warmer summers. On the other hand, accumulated precipitations in the previous 6 months positively affected winter abundance. These results could help the authorities in charge of the green spaces of Buenos Aires to identify priority areas and times of the year for the implementation of preventive measures that minimize the contact of rodents with visitors. Such measures could be intensified when winters are warmer than normal, and summers are cooler and wetter than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Muschetto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gerardo Rubén Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olga Virginia Suárez
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, (IEGEBA) UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 (Ciudad Universitaria), PB II, 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maroli M, Vadell MV, Iglesias A, Padula PJ, Gómez Villafañe IE. Daily Movements and Microhabitat Selection of Hantavirus Reservoirs and Other Sigmodontinae Rodent Species that Inhabit a Protected Natural Area of Argentina. Ecohealth 2015; 12:421-431. [PMID: 26063039 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abundance, distribution, movement patterns, and habitat selection of a reservoir species influence the dispersal of zoonotic pathogens, and hence, the risk for humans. Movements and microhabitat use of rodent species, and their potential role in the transmission of hantavirus were studied in Otamendi Natural Reserve, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Movement estimators and qualitative characteristics of rodent paths were determined by means of a spool and line device method. Sampling was conducted during November and December 2011, and March, April, June, October, and December 2012. Forty-six Oxymycterus rufus, 41 Akodon azarae, 10 Scapteromys aquaticus and 5 Oligoryzomys flavescens were captured. Movement patterns and distances varied according to sex, habitat type, reproductive season, and body size among species. O. flavescens, reservoir of the etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the region, moved short distances, had the most linear paths and did not share paths with other species. A. azarae had an intermediate linearity index, its movements were longer in the highland grassland than in the lowland marsh and the salty grassland, and larger individuals traveled longer distances. O. rufus had the most tortuous paths and the males moved more during the non-breeding season. S. aquaticus movements were associated with habitat type with longer distances traveled in the lowland marsh than in the salty grassland. Hantavirus antibodies were detected in 20% of A. azarae and were not detected in any other species. Seropositive individuals were captured during the breeding season and 85% of them were males. A. azarae moved randomly and shared paths with all the other species, which could promote hantavirus spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Maroli
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción (CICyTTP), CONICET, Dr. Matteri y España, s/n, E3105BWA, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Vadell
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Iglesias
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Av.Velez Sarsfield 563, C1282AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Av.Velez Sarsfield 563, C1282AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Elisa Gómez Villafañe
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bellomo CM, Pires-Marczeski FC, Padula PJ. Viral load of patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1823-30. [PMID: 26087934 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus causes severe illness including pneumonia, which leads to hospitalization and often death. At present, there is no specific treatment available. The hantavirus pathogenesis is not well understood, but most likely both virus-mediated and host-mediated mechanisms, are involved. The aim of this study was to correlate viral load in samples of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases and hantavirus infected individuals, with clinical epidemiological parameters and disease outcome. The variables that could potentially be related with viral load were analyzed. The retrospective study included 73 cases or household contacts, with different clinical evolution. Viral load was measured by reverse-transcription and real time polymerase chain reaction. There was no statistically significant association between blood viral RNA levels and severity of disease. However, viral load was inversely correlated with IgG response in a statistically significant manner. The level of viral RNA was significantly higher in patients infected with Andes virus South lineage, and was markedly low in persons infected with Laguna Negra virus. These results suggest that the infecting viral genotype is associated with disease severity, and that high viral load is associated with a low specific IgG response. Sex, age and disease severity were not related with viral load. Further investigations increasing strikingly the number of cases and also limiting the variables to be studied are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla María Bellomo
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fanny Clara Pires-Marczeski
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Julieta Padula
- Departamento Virología, Servicio Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas INEI, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) is responsible for the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome cases in Argentina and neighboring countries, with moderate to high case-fatality rates. ANDV has some particular features, which make it unique among other members of the Hantavirus genus such as person-to-person transmission and causing a disease similar to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the hamster as an animal model. The kinetics of replication in Vero E6 cells of an ANDV strain isolated in Argentina, called Andes/ARG, was studied. Cytopathic effect and the formation of clear plaques were observed and therefore Andes/ARG could be quantified by classic plaque assay. The Andes/ARG strain was found to be highly lethal in Syrian hamsters allowing experiments to demonstrate the protective potential of vaccines. A recombinant nucleocapsid protein of ANDV induced a long lasting antibody response and protective immunity against a homologous challenge, but to a lower extent against heterologous challenge by the Seoul virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paula Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. C. G. Malbrán, Argentina.
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Pires-Marczeski FC, Martinez VP, Nemirovsky C, Padula PJ. Intrathecal antibody production in two cases of yellow fever vaccine associated neurotropic disease in Argentina. J Med Virol 2011; 83:2208-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cueto GR, Cavia R, Bellomo C, Padula PJ, Suárez OV. Prevalence of hantavirus infection in wild Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus populations of Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13:46-51. [PMID: 18291001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of infection with hantaviruses in wild Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus populations in areas of Buenos Aires city. METHODS Norway rats and black rats were trapped from 2003 to 2005 at 10 sites throughout Buenos Aires city. Blood samples for serological analysis were collected by cardiac puncture from all individuals captured and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Seoul hantavirus- and Andes virus-specific IgG antibodies. RESULTS Hantavirus seroprevalence was 11.9% in R. norvegicus (n = 151), varying between 0% and 26.1% depending on the site. Bigger sexually active males were more likely to be infected with Seoul virus than females or juvenile individuals. No antibody-reactive rodents were detected among 33 R. rattus analysed. CONCLUSION Hantavirus infections are geographically widespread in Buenos Aires city and confirm that they have been enzootic there for at least 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Rubén Cueto
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Roedores, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Padula PJ, Sanchez AJ, Edelstein A, Nichol ST. Complete nucleotide sequence of the M RNA segment of Andes virus and analysis of the variability of the termini of the virus S, M and L RNA segments. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2117-2122. [PMID: 12185264 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-9-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) has been recognized increasingly as a significant public health problem in South America since Andes virus was first discovered in Argentina. Here, the isolation of Andes virus is reported from an infected rodent captured in Argentina in close vicinity to the place of the first HPS case, AH1. The complete nucleotide sequences of the virus M segment, partial L segment and the termini of the S, M and L segment genome RNAs were determined. The Andes virus M RNA segment is 3671 nt in length and is predicted to encode a glycoprotein precursor 1138 aa in length; it generally resembles the other HPS-associated hantaviruses in its organization. Relative to the G1 glycoprotein of other HPS-associated hantaviruses, an additional potential glycosylation site was found but this is located in the predicted cytoplasmic domain and is therefore unlikely to be glycosylated. In phylogenetic analyses, Andes virus, together with the more related hantaviruses, represented a monophyletic lineage. The S-terminal nucleotides were conserved relative to other New World hantaviruses. The M and L segment RNA termini had short deletions in the region believed to contain the sequence and structural features necessary for initiation of virus RNA replication and transcription. Clinical manifestations of Andes virus infections range from fulminant respiratory disease with high lethality to mild course without sequelae. Andes virus has also been associated with person-to-person transmission. Accumulation of Andes virus genetic data will be essential for understanding the factors that regulate virus replication and transmission and to determine the pathogenesis of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Padula
- Departmento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - A J Sanchez
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA2
| | - A Edelstein
- Departmento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina1
| | - S T Nichol
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA2
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Lázaro ME, Resa AJ, Barclay CM, Calanni L, Samengo L, Martinez L, Padula PJ, Pini N, Lasala MB, Elsner B, Enria DA. [Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southern Argentina]. Medicina (B Aires) 2001; 60:289-301. [PMID: 11050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Andes virus was identified in 1995 as the etiologic agent of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in Southern Argentina. We describe herein the main clinical characteristics of 25 HPS confirmed cases acquired in this area between 1993 and September 1999. The mean age was 34 years (range 11-70), with 72% males. Clinical characteristics were similar to those previously reported for Sin Nombre virus (SNV) cases. However, in this group of patients we also observed conjuntival injection in 10/25 (42%), facial flushing in 8/25 (33%), pharyngeal congestion in 7/25 (29%) and petechiae in 3/25 (12%). On the other hand, BUN was increased in 83% of cases (mean 0.77 g/l range 0.31-2.01). Mean serum creatinine concentration was 26.8 mg/l (range: 8.1-110 mg/l) with serum creatinine being higher than 20 mg/l in 8/15 patients (53%). Urinalysis was abnormal in 12/12 cases and was characterized by presence of proteins, red blood cells and granular casts. Aminotransferases were increased in 90% of cases with levels 5-10 times over normal values in 50% of cases. Serum creatine kinase concentration was elevated in 11/14 cases. Two patients required hemodialysis. Case fatality rate was 44% (11/25) and 10 of these cases died among the first 10 days of illness. Mononuclear myocarditis was observed in two cases, a finding that has not been reported for SNV cases. During the 1996 HPS outbreak in Southern Argentina due to Andes virus, there were epidemiological and molecular evidences of person-to-person transmission, a feature not previously shown for other members of the hantavirus genus. These data would also be indicative of some distinctive clinical characteristics of HPS caused by Andes virus, with more frequent renal involvement than in SNV cases.
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Padula PJ, Colavecchia SB, Martínez VP, Gonzalez Della Valle MO, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Russi J, Riquelme JM, Colucci N, Almirón M, Rabinovich RD. Genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3029-35. [PMID: 10921972 PMCID: PMC87178 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.8.3029-3035.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1995 when the first case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was reported in Patagonia, there have been more than 400 cases of HPS reported in five countries in South America. The first case of HPS was associated with Andes (AND) virus. In this study, we report on the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in six countries in South America based on 87 HPS cases from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay. An early immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG humoral response was observed in almost all HPS cases. The IgM response appears to peak 1 or 2 days after the onset of symptoms. Peak IgG antibody titers occur mostly after the first week. Low IgG titers or the absence of IgG was associated with higher mortality rates. The IgA response peaks around day 15 and then rapidly decreases. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on partial M-fragment G1- and G2-encoding sequences showed that HPS cases from the five countries were infected with viruses related to AND or Laguna Negra (LN) virus. Within AND virus-infected persons, at least five major genetic lineages were found; one lineage was detected in Uruguayan and Argentinean cases from both sides of the Rio de la Plata river. Two Paraguayan patients were infected with a virus different from LN virus. According to the results of phylogenetic analyses, this virus probably belongs to a distinct lineage related more closely to the AND virus than to the LN virus, suggesting that there is probably an Oligoryzomys-borne viral variant circulating in Paraguay. These studies may contribute to a better understanding of hantavirus human infection in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Padula
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, A.N.L.I.S. "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán," 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Padula PJ, Rossi CM, Valle MOD, Martínez PV, Colavecchia SB, Edelstein A, Miguel SDL, Rabinovich RD, Segura EL. Development and evaluation of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay based on Andes hantavirus recombinant nucleoprotein. J Med Microbiol 2000; 49:149-155. [PMID: 10670565 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-2-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) with high mortality rate has been reported in five countries in South America. Rapid accurate methods are important both for monitoring acute infections and for epidemiological studies. The Andes virus nucleoprotein amino acid sequence has a high identity percentage compared with other sequences of this region and has been chosen for the development of diagnostic reagents. Andes nucleoprotein expressed in Escherichia coli was applied as antigen in IgG, IgA and mu-capture IgM enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assays (ELISAs). An evaluation of this reagent was conducted to establish its usefulness for differential diagnosis of HPS and seroprevalence studies. Samples from 135 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-confirmed HPS cases, 77 individuals with other respiratory infections and 957 healthy inhabitants from endemic and non-endemic areas were analysed. The hantavirus-infected patients had an early and strong IgM, IgG and IgA serum antibody response, in most of the cases as early as 1, 7 and 1 days following onset of symptoms, respectively. IgM and IgG detection showed a specificity and sensitivity of 100%. Andes-specific IgM antibodies were found in all patients in the first available sample, which remained detectable for at least 43 days. Specific IgA antibodies were also detected in saliva of patients with acute HPS. The short duration of the disease and the risk for contacts due to person-to-person transmission of Andes virus necessitate the use of highly sensitive tests which might lead to earlier detection of infected people and improve the treatment and management of patients with HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Padula
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C M Rossi
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M O Della Valle
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P V Martínez
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S B Colavecchia
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Edelstein
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S D L Miguel
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R D Rabinovich
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E L Segura
- Servicio de Biología Molecular, Dpto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS `Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Padula PJ, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, López NM, Rossi CM, Rabinovich RD. [Epidemic outbreak of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina. Molecular evidence of person to person transmission of Andes virus]. Medicina (B Aires) 1998; 58 Suppl 1:27-36. [PMID: 9674243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P J Padula
- Departamento de Virología, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Padula PJ, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, López NM, Rossi CM, Rabinovich RD. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreak in Argentina: molecular evidence for person-to-person transmission of Andes virus. Virology 1998; 241:323-30. [PMID: 9499807 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increase of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) cases around a southwestern Argentina town and in persons living 1400 km away but in contact with those cases was detected during the spring of 1996. In order to evaluate person-to-person transmission we compared the homology of PCR-amplified viral sequences of 26 Argentine and Chilean cases. Sixteen of them were epidemiologically linked cases and had the same sequence (Epilink/96) in the S segment 3' noncoding region and in the M segment partial G1 and G2 region (a total of 1075 nucleotides). Contrarily, two geographical and contemporary but nonepidemiologically related cases differed from Epilink/96 in the compared regions. No significant differences, such as glycosylation or hydrophilic pattern, were found between Epilink/96 and the other sequences. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homologies between samples from southern Argentina and Chile ranged from 90.9 to 100% and 96.4 to 100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the analyzed southwestern viruses belong to the Andes lineage. Although human infection principally occurs via inhalation of contaminated rodent excreta, our results with Andes virus show the first direct genetic evidence of person-to-person transmission of a hantavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Padula
- Dpto. de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, A.N.L.I.S. Dr. Carlos G. Maibrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
In the presence of tunicamycin (TM), an antibiotic which inhibits glycosylation, Junin virus-infected cells released 70% as much virus as control cultures, as measured by [35S]-methionine appearing in a sucrose gradient virus particle fraction. In this same fraction, the incorporation of [14C]-glucosamine was inhibited 85% by TM, accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the envelope glycoprotein, Gp38, and a marked decrease in virus infectivity. These results indicate that the presence of Gp38 on the viral surface is essential for viral infectivity. In contrast, maturation and release of virus particles do not seem to be affected by the absence of Gp38 from the viral envelope.
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