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Sankari A, Minic Z, Farshi P, Shanidze M, Mansour W, Liu F, Mao G, Goshgarian HG. Sleep disordered breathing induced by cervical spinal cord injury and effect of adenosine A1 receptors modulation in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1668-1676. [PMID: 31600096 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is very common after spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of adenosine A1 receptor blockade (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, DPCPX) on SDB in a rodent model of SCI. We hypothesized that SCI induced via left hemisection of the second cervical segment (C2Hx) results in SDB. We further hypothesized that blockade of adenosine A1 receptors following C2Hx would reduce the severity of SDB. In the first experiment, adult male rats underwent left C2Hx or sham (laminectomy) surgery. Unrestrained whole body plethysmography (WBP) and implanted wireless electroencephalogram (EEG) were used for assessment of breathing during spontaneous sleep and for the scoring of respiratory events at the acute (~1 wk), and chronic (~6 wk) time points following C2Hx. During the second experiment, the effect of oral administration of adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX, 3 times a day for 4 days) on SCI induced SDB was assessed. C2Hx animals exhibited a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) compared with the sham group, respectively (35.5 ± 12.6 vs. 19.1 ± 2.1 events/h, P < 0.001). AHI was elevated 6 wk following C2Hx (week 6, 32.0 ± 5.0 vs. week 1, 42.6 ± 11.8 events/h, respectively, P = 0.12). In contrast to placebo, oral administration of DPCPX significantly decreased AHI 4 days after the treatment (159.8 ± 26.7 vs. 69.5 ± 8.9%, P < 0.05). Cervical SCI is associated with the development of SDB in spontaneously breathing rats. Adenosine A1 blockade can serve as a therapeutic target for SDB induced by SCI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The two key novel findings of our study included that 1) induced cervical spinal cord injury results in sleep-disordered breathing in adult rats, and 2) oral therapy with an adenosine A1 receptor blockade using DPCPX is sufficient to significantly reduce apnea-hypopnea index following induced cervical spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Sankari
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zeljka Minic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pershang Farshi
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Wafaa Mansour
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Harry G Goshgarian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Talwar H, Bauerfeld C, Bouhamdan M, Farshi P, Liu Y, Samavati L. Corrigendum to "MKP-1 negatively regulates LPS-mediated IL-1β production through p38 activation and HIF-1α expression". (Cell Signal. 34 (1-10) (2017) Epub 2017 Feb 24). Cell Signal 2017; 38:239. [PMID: 28619580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - C Bauerfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - M Bouhamdan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - P Farshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - L Samavati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Arkwright RT, Deshmukh R, Adapa N, Stevens R, Zonder E, Zhang Z, Farshi P, Ahmed RSI, El-Banna HA, Chan TH, Dou QP. Lessons from Nature: Sources and Strategies for Developing AMPK Activators for Cancer Chemotherapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2016; 15:657-71. [PMID: 25511514 DOI: 10.2174/1871520615666141216145417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase or AMPK is a highly-conserved master-regulator of numerous cellular processes, including: Maintaining cellular-energy homeostasis, modulation of cytoskeletaldynamics, directing cell growth-rates and influencing cell-death pathways. AMPK has recently emerged as a promising molecular target in cancer therapy. In fact, AMPK deficiencies have been shown to enhance cell growth and proliferation, which is consistent with enhancement of tumorigenesis by AMPK-loss. Conversely, activation of AMPK is associated with tumor growth suppression via inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex-1 (mTORC1) or the mTOR signal pathway. The scientific communities' recognition that AMPK-activating compounds possess an anti-neoplastic effect has contributed to a rush of discoveries and developments in AMPK-activating compounds as potential anticancer-drugs. One such example is the class of compounds known as Biguanides, which include Metformin and Phenformin. The current review will showcase natural compounds and their derivatives that activate the AMPK-complex and signaling pathway. In addition, the biology and history of AMPK-signaling and AMPK-activating compounds will be overviewed, their anticancer-roles and mechanisms-of-actions will be discussed, and potential strategies for the development of novel, selective AMPK-activators with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI 48201- 2013.
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Ahmed RSI, Liu G, Renzetti A, Farshi P, Yang H, Soave C, Saed G, El-Ghoneimy AA, El-Banna HA, Foldes R, Chan TH, Dou QP. Biological and Mechanistic Characterization of Novel Prodrugs of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Analogs in Human Leiomyoma Cell Lines. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2357-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reda Saber Ibrahim Ahmed
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology; South Valley University; Qena Egypt
| | - Gang Liu
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | - Andrea Renzetti
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pershang Farshi
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | - Huanjie Yang
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | - Claire Soave
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | - Ghassan Saed
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Anatomy & Cell Biology; School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | | | - Hossny Awad El-Banna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Robert Foldes
- Viteava Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tak-Hang Chan
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
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Farshi P, Fyk-Kolodziej B, Krolewski DM, Walker PD, Ichinose T. Dopamine D1 receptor expression is bipolar cell type-specific in the mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:2059-79. [PMID: 26587737 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the retina, dopamine is a key molecule for daytime vision. Dopamine is released by retinal dopaminergic amacrine cells and transmits signaling either by conventional synaptic or by volume transmission. By means of volume transmission, dopamine modulates all layers of retinal neurons; however, it is not well understood how dopamine modulates visual signaling pathways in bipolar cells. Here we analyzed Drd1a-tdTomato BAC transgenic mice and found that the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is expressed in retinal bipolar cells in a type-dependent manner. Strong tdTomato fluorescence was detected in the inner nuclear layer and localized to type 1, 3b, and 4 OFF bipolar cells and type 5-2, XBC, 6, and 7 ON bipolar cells. In contrast, type 2, 3a, 5-1, 9, and rod bipolar cells did not express Drd1a-tdTomato. Other interneurons were also found to express tdTomato including horizontal cells and a subset (25%) of AII amacrine cells. Diverse visual processing pathways, such as color or motion-coded pathways, are thought to be initiated in retinal bipolar cells. Our results indicate that dopamine sculpts bipolar cell performance in a type-dependent manner to facilitate daytime vision. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2059-2079, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pershang Farshi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bozena Fyk-Kolodziej
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Krolewski
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul D Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomomi Ichinose
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Macpherson PCD, Farshi P, Goldman D. Dach2-Hdac9 signaling regulates reinnervation of muscle endplates. Development 2015; 142:4038-48. [PMID: 26483211 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscle denervation resulting from injury, disease or aging results in impaired motor function. Restoring neuromuscular communication requires axonal regrowth and endplate reinnervation. Muscle activity inhibits the reinnervation of denervated muscle. The mechanism by which muscle activity regulates muscle reinnervation is poorly understood. Dach2 and Hdac9 are activity-regulated transcriptional co-repressors that are highly expressed in innervated muscle and suppressed following muscle denervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 control the expression of endplate-associated genes such as those encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here we tested the idea that Dach2 and Hdac9 mediate the effects of muscle activity on muscle reinnervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 were found to act in a collaborative fashion to inhibit reinnervation of denervated mouse skeletal muscle and appear to act, at least in part, by inhibiting denervation-dependent induction of Myog and Gdf5 gene expression. Although Dach2 and Hdac9 inhibit Myog and Gdf5 mRNA expression, Myog does not regulate Gdf5 transcription. Thus, Myog and Gdf5 appear to stimulate muscle reinnervation through parallel pathways. These studies suggest that manipulating the Dach2-Hdac9 signaling system, and Gdf5 in particular, might be a good approach for enhancing motor function in instances where neuromuscular communication has been disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C D Macpherson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pershang Farshi
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Farshi P, Deshmukh RR, Nwankwo JO, Arkwright RT, Cvek B, Liu J, Dou QP. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) and DUB inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1191-1208. [PMID: 26077642 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1056737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deubiquitinating-enzymes (DUBs) are key components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The fundamental role of DUBs is specific removal of ubiquitin from substrates. DUBs contribute to activation/deactivation, recycling and localization of numerous regulatory proteins, and thus play major roles in diverse cellular processes. Altered DUB activity is associated with a multitudes of pathologies including cancer. Therefore, DUBs represent novel candidates for target-directed drug development. AREAS COVERED The article is a thorough review/accounting of patented compounds targeting DUBs and stratifying/classifying the patented compounds based on: chemical-structures, nucleic-acid compositions, modes-of-action, and targeting sites. The review provides a brief background on the UPS and the involvement of DUBs. Furthermore, methods for assessing efficacy and potential pharmacological utility of DUB inhibitor (DUBi) are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The FDA's approval of the 20S proteasome inhibitors (PIs): bortezomib and carfilzomib for treatment of hematological malignancies established the UPS as an anti-cancer target. Unfortunately, many patients are inherently resistant or develop resistance to PIs. One potential strategy to combat PI resistance is targeting upstream components of the UPS such as DUBs. DUBs represent a promising potential therapeutic target due to their critical roles in various cellular processes including protein turnover, localization and cellular homeostasis. While considerable efforts have been undertaken to develop DUB modulators, significant advancements are necessary to move DUBis into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pershang Farshi
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rahul R Deshmukh
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph O Nwankwo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Richard T Arkwright
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Boris Cvek
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jinbao Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ohlig S, Pickhinke U, Sirko S, Bandari S, Hoffmann D, Dreier R, Farshi P, Götz M, Grobe K. An emerging role of Sonic Hedgehog shedding as a modulator of heparan sulfate interactions. J Biol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a112.356667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ohlig S, Pickhinke U, Sirko S, Bandari S, Hoffmann D, Dreier R, Farshi P, Götz M, Grobe K. An emerging role of Sonic hedgehog shedding as a modulator of heparan sulfate interactions. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43708-19. [PMID: 23118222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major developmental morphogens of the Hedgehog (Hh) family act at short range and long range to direct cell fate decisions in vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. To this end, Hhs are released from local sources and act at a distance on target cells that express the Hh receptor Patched. However, morphogen secretion and spreading are not passive processes because all Hhs are synthesized as dually (N- and C-terminal) lipidated proteins that firmly tether to the surface of producing cells. On the cell surface, Hhs associate with each other and with heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans. This raises the question of how Hh solubilization and spreading is achieved. We recently discovered that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is solubilized by proteolytic processing (shedding) of lipidated peptide termini in vitro. Because unprocessed N termini block Patched receptor binding sites in the cluster, we further suggested that their proteolytic removal is required for simultaneous Shh activation. In this work we confirm inactivity of unprocessed protein clusters and demonstrate restored biological Shh function upon distortion or removal of N-terminal amino acids and peptides. We further show that N-terminal Shh processing targets and inactivates the HS binding Cardin-Weintraub (CW) motif, resulting in soluble Shh clusters with their HS binding capacities strongly reduced. This may explain the ability of Shh to diffuse through the HS-containing extracellular matrix, whereas other HS-binding proteins are quickly immobilized. Our in vitro findings are supported by the presence of CW-processed Shh in murine brain samples, providing the first in vivo evidence for Shh shedding and subsequent solubilization of N-terminal-truncated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ohlig
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Farshi P, Ohlig S, Pickhinke U, Höing S, Jochmann K, Lawrence R, Dreier R, Dierker T, Grobe K. Dual roles of the Cardin-Weintraub motif in multimeric Sonic hedgehog. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23608-19. [PMID: 21572042 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.206474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fly morphogen Hedgehog (Hh) and its mammalian orthologs, Sonic, Indian, and Desert hedgehog, are secreted signaling molecules that mediate tissue patterning during embryogenesis and function in tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the adult. The function of all Hh family members is regulated at the levels of morphogen multimerization on the surface of producing cells, multimer release, multimer diffusion to target cells, and signal reception. These mechanisms are all known to depend on interactions of positively charged Hh amino acids (the Cardin-Weintraub (CW) motif) with negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains. However, a precise mechanistic understanding of these interactions is still lacking. In this work, we characterized ionic HS interactions of multimeric Sonic hedgehog (called ShhNp) as well as mutant forms lacking one or more CW residues. We found that deletion of all five CW residues as well as site-directed mutagenesis of CW residues Lys(33), Arg(35), and Lys(39) (mouse nomenclature) abolished HS binding. In contrast, CW residues Arg(34) and Lys(38) did not contribute to HS binding. Analysis and validation of Shh crystal lattice contacts provided an explanation for this finding. We demonstrate that CW residues Arg(34) and Lys(38) make contact with an acidic groove on the adjacent molecule in the multimer, suggesting a new function of these residues in ShhNp multimerization rather than HS binding. Therefore, the recombinant monomeric morphogen (called ShhN) differs in CW-dependent HS binding and biological activity from physiologically relevant ShhNp multimers, providing new explanations for functional differences observed between ShhN and ShhNp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pershang Farshi
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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