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Nikiforov PO, Hejja B, Chahwan R, Soeller C, Gielen F, Chimerel C. Functional Phenotype Flow Cytometry: On Chip Sorting of Individual Cells According to Responses to Stimuli. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100220. [PMID: 34160140 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to effectively separate and isolate biological cells into specific and well-defined subpopulations is crucial for the advancement of our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and its relevance to living systems. Here is described the development of the functional phenotype flow cytometer (FPFC), a new device designed to separate cells on the basis of their in situ real-time phenotypic responses to stimuli. The FPFC performs a cascade of cell processing steps on a microfluidic platform: introduces biological cells one at a time into a solution of a biological reagent that acts as a stimulus, incubates the cells with the stimulus solution in a flow, and sorts the cells into subpopulations according to their phenotypic responses to the provided stimulus. The presented implementation of the FPFC uses intracellular fluorescence as a readout, incubates cells for 75 s, and operates at a throughput of up to 4 cells min-1 -resulting in the profiling and sorting of hundreds of cells within a few hours. The design and operation of the FPFC are validated by sorting cells from the human Burkitt's lymphoma cancerous cell line Ramos on the basis of their response to activation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) by a targeted monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar O Nikiforov
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Beata Hejja
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Richard Chahwan
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Fabrice Gielen
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Catalin Chimerel
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Nikiforov PO, Blaszczyk M, Surade S, Boshoff HI, Sajid A, Delorme V, Deboosere N, Brodin P, Baulard AR, Barry CE, Blundell TL, Abell C. Fragment-Sized EthR Inhibitors Exhibit Exceptionally Strong Ethionamide Boosting Effect in Whole-Cell Mycobacterium tuberculosis Assays. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1390-1396. [PMID: 28314097 PMCID: PMC5474694 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of the mycobacterial transcriptional repressor EthR have previously been shown to act as boosters of the second-line antituberculosis drug ethionamide. Fragment-based drug discovery approaches have been used in the past to make highly potent EthR inhibitors with ethionamide boosting activity both in vitro and ex vivo. Herein, we report the development of fragment-sized EthR ligands with nanomolar minimum effective concentration values for boosting the ethionamide activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole-cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar O. Nikiforov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Sachin Surade
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Vincent Delorme
- CNRS,
Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 − UMR 8204
− CIIL − Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Deboosere
- CNRS,
Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 − UMR 8204
− CIIL − Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- CNRS,
Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 − UMR 8204
− CIIL − Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain R. Baulard
- CNRS,
Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 − UMR 8204
− CIIL − Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis
Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute
for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape
Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Chris Abell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Nikiforov PO, Surade S, Blaszczyk M, Delorme V, Brodin P, Baulard AR, Blundell TL, Abell C. A fragment merging approach towards the development of small molecule inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EthR for use as ethionamide boosters. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2318-26. [PMID: 26806381 PMCID: PMC4759522 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02630j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing instances of resistance to frontline TB drugs there is the need to develop novel strategies to fight the worldwide TB epidemic. Boosting the effect of the existing second-line antibiotic ethionamide by inhibiting the mycobacterial transcriptional repressor protein EthR is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Herein we report the use of a fragment based drug discovery approach for the structure-guided systematic merging of two fragment molecules, each binding twice to the hydrophobic cavity of EthR from M. tuberculosis. These together fill the entire binding pocket of EthR. We elaborated these fragment hits and developed small molecule inhibitors which have a 100-fold improvement of potency in vitro over the initial fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar O. Nikiforov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Sachin Surade
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1GA , UK
| | - Michal Blaszczyk
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1GA , UK
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Inserm U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204 , Institut Pasteur de Lille , Université de Lille , 1 rue du Professeur Calmette , 59019 , Lille , France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Inserm U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204 , Institut Pasteur de Lille , Université de Lille , 1 rue du Professeur Calmette , 59019 , Lille , France
| | - Alain R. Baulard
- Inserm U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204 , Institut Pasteur de Lille , Université de Lille , 1 rue du Professeur Calmette , 59019 , Lille , France
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road , Cambridge , CB2 1GA , UK
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
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