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Rutherford D, Kolářová K, Čech J, Haušild P, Kuliček J, Ukraintsev E, Stehlík Š, Dao R, Neuman J, Rezek B. Correlative atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposites. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 258:113909. [PMID: 38157689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research investigating the interface between biological organisms and nanomaterials nowadays requires multi-faceted microscopic methods to elucidate the interaction mechanisms and effects. Here we describe a novel approach and methodology correlating data from an atomic force microscope inside a scanning electron microscope (AFM-in-SEM). This approach is demonstrated on bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposite samples relevant in current life science research. We describe a procedure for preparing such multi-component test samples containing E. coli bacteria and chitosan-coated hydrogenated nanodiamonds decorated with silver nanoparticles on a carbon-coated gold grid. Microscopic topography information (AFM) is combined with chemical, material, and morphological information (SEM using SE and BSE at varied acceleration voltages) from the same region of interest and processed to create 3D correlative probe-electron microscopy (CPEM) images. We also establish a novel 3D RGB color image algorithm for merging multiple SE/BSE data from SEM with the AFM surface topography data which provides additional information about microscopic interaction of the diamond-metal nanocomposite with bacteria, not achievable by individual analyses. The methodology of CPEM data interpretation is independently corroborated by further in-situ (EDS) and ex-situ (micro-Raman) chemical characterization as well as by force volume AFM analysis. We also discuss the broader applicability and benefits of the methodology for life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rutherford
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kolářová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čech
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuliček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Stehlík
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Dao
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wenskat M, Čižek J, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Bate C, Haušild P, Hirschmann E, Wagner A, Weise H. Vacancy-Hydrogen Interaction in Niobium during Low-Temperature Baking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8300. [PMID: 32427909 PMCID: PMC7237483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered modified low-temperature baking leads to reduced surface losses and an increase of the accelerating gradient of superconducting TESLA shape cavities. We will show that the dynamics of vacancy-hydrogen complexes at low-temperature baking lead to a suppression of lossy nanohydrides at 2 K and thus a significant enhancement of accelerator performance. Utilizing Doppler broadening Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy, Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and instrumented nanoindentation, samples made from European XFEL niobium sheets were investigated. We studied the evolution of vacancies in bulk samples and in the sub-surface region and their interaction with hydrogen at different temperature levels during in-situ and ex-situ annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wenskat
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jakub Čižek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkach 2, 180 00, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maciej Oskar Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Bate
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 01, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Hirschmann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Weise
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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Novotný R, Janík P, Toivonen A, Ruiz A, Szaraz Z, Zhang L, Siegl J, Haušild P, Penttilä S, Macák J. European Project “Supercritical Water Reactor-Fuel Qualification Test”: Summary of General Corrosion Tests. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main target of the EUROATOM FP7 project “Fuel Qualification Test for SCWR” is to make significant progress toward the design, analysis, and licensing of a fuel assembly cooled with supercritical water in a research reactor. The program of dedicated Work Package (WP4)-Prequalification was focused on evaluation of general corrosion resistance of three preselected austenitic stainless steels, 08Cr18Ni10Ti, AISI 347H, and AISI 316L, which should be prequalified for application as a cladding material for fuel qualification tests in supercritical water. Therefore, the experiments in support of WP4 concentrated on 2000-hr corrosion exposures in 25-MPa supercritical water (SCW) at two different temperatures 550°C and 500°C dosed with both 150 and 2000 ppb of dissolved oxygen content. Moreover, the water chemistry effect was investigated by conducting tests in 550°C SCW with 1.5 ppm of dissolved hydrogen content. At first, corrosion coupons were exposed for 600, 1400, and 2000 hrs in Joint Research Centre-Institute for Energy and Transport (JRC-IET), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. (VTT), and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) autoclaves connected to the recirculation loop, allowing continual water chemistry control during the test. The following examination of exposed specimens consisted of weight-change calculations and detailed macro- and microscopic investigation of oxide layers using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). With respect to general corrosion results, all tested steels showed sufficient corrosion resistance in SCW conditions taking into account the conditions foreseen for future fuel qualification test in the research reactor in CVR Rez. When the results of weight-change calculations were compared for all three materials, it was found that the corrosion resistance increased in the following order: 316L<347H<08Cr18Ni10Ti. Results obtained in hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) did not indicate any significant beneficial effect compared to tests in SCW with 150 or 2000 ppb dissolved oxygen content. Additional tests were dedicated to investigation of the surface-finish effect. In these exposures, polished, sand-blasted, and plane-milled surface-finish techniques were investigated. The beneficial effect of surface cold work in particular of sand-blasting was clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Novotný
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Přemysl Janík
- European Space Research and Technology Centre, Postbus 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Aki Toivonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland e-mail:
| | - Anna Ruiz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Zoltan Szaraz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Lefu Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dong Chuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China e-mail:
| | - Jan Siegl
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Sami Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland e-mail:
| | - Jan Macák
- Power Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic e-mail:
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Novotný R, Visser D, Timke T, Vojáček A, Frýbort O, Siegl J, Haušild P, Macák J. European Project “Supercritical Water Reactor–Fuel Qualification Test”: Results of Fuel Pin Mock-up Tests. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main target of the EURATOM FP7 project “fuel qualification test for supercritical water-cooled reactor” was to make significant progress toward the design, analysis, and licensing of a fuel assembly cooled with supercritical water (SCW) in a research reactor. Within the project, fuel pin mock-ups of a future fuel qualification test facility were designed and manufactured by Centrum Výzkumu Řež (CVR). Following that, it was decided to conduct three different types of tests considering two possible accident scenarios. Simulation of loss of external pressure was the target of Test 1. The autoclave was depressurized as fast as possible from 20 to 1 MPa by opening the close valve located behind the cooling part of the high-pressure part of the loop. Pressure inside the pin was held at a constant value of 20 MPa by pumping high-pressure water via the pin and in parallel via a separate relief valve that was connected directly to the pin using the filling pressure tube. A similar approach was chosen when the opposite case, i.e., loss of internal pressure in the pin, was simulated in Test 2A. Eventually, Test 2A was repeated with modified setup to determine the lower limit of the internal pin pressure (i.e., collapse/buckling of the pin due to external overpressure) more accurately. The presented paper summarizes the results of all three performed tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Novotný
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Dirk Visser
- NRG, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Theo Timke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - Aleš Vojáček
- Centrum Výzkumu Řež, Husinec-Řež, čp. 130, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Otakar Frýbort
- Centrum Výzkumu Řež, Husinec-Řež, čp. 130, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Jan Siegl
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University Prague, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Jan Macák
- Power Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic e-mail:
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Novotný R, Janík P, Penttilä S, Hähner P, Macák J, Siegl J, Haušild P. High Cr ODS steels performance under supercritical water environment. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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