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Rutherford D, Kolářová K, Čech J, Haušild P, Kuliček J, Ukraintsev E, Stehlík Š, Dao R, Neuman J, Rezek B. Correlative atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposites. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 258:113909. [PMID: 38157689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research investigating the interface between biological organisms and nanomaterials nowadays requires multi-faceted microscopic methods to elucidate the interaction mechanisms and effects. Here we describe a novel approach and methodology correlating data from an atomic force microscope inside a scanning electron microscope (AFM-in-SEM). This approach is demonstrated on bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposite samples relevant in current life science research. We describe a procedure for preparing such multi-component test samples containing E. coli bacteria and chitosan-coated hydrogenated nanodiamonds decorated with silver nanoparticles on a carbon-coated gold grid. Microscopic topography information (AFM) is combined with chemical, material, and morphological information (SEM using SE and BSE at varied acceleration voltages) from the same region of interest and processed to create 3D correlative probe-electron microscopy (CPEM) images. We also establish a novel 3D RGB color image algorithm for merging multiple SE/BSE data from SEM with the AFM surface topography data which provides additional information about microscopic interaction of the diamond-metal nanocomposite with bacteria, not achievable by individual analyses. The methodology of CPEM data interpretation is independently corroborated by further in-situ (EDS) and ex-situ (micro-Raman) chemical characterization as well as by force volume AFM analysis. We also discuss the broader applicability and benefits of the methodology for life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rutherford
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kolářová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čech
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuliček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Stehlík
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Dao
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hegrová V, Dao R, Kondrakov A, Heinemeyer U, Novák L, Zakopal P, Neuman J. Innovative In-situ Workflow for Battery Sample Analysis using AFM-in-SEM. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1320-1321. [PMID: 37613389 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandr Kondrakov
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, DE
- BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, DE
| | | | - Libor Novák
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s. r. o., Brno, CZ
| | - P Zakopal
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s. r. o., Brno, CZ
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Prysiazhnyi V, Bednařík A, Žalud M, Hegrová V, Neuman J, Preisler J. Fate of Gold Nanoparticles in Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Toward the Imaging of Individual Nanoparticles. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:570-578. [PMID: 36917818 PMCID: PMC10080673 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on mapping the spatial distribution of Au nanoparticles (NPs) by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI MSI). Laser interaction with NPs and associated phenomena, such as change of shape, melting, migration, and release of Au ions, are explored at the single particle level. Arrays of dried droplets containing low numbers of spatially segregated NPs were reproducibly prepared by automated drop-on-demand piezo-dispensing and analyzed by LDI MSI using an ultrahigh resolution orbital trapping instrument. To enhance the signal from NPs, an in source gas-phase chemical reaction of generated Au ions with xylene was employed. The developed technique allowed the detecting, chemical characterization, and mapping of the spatial distribution of Au NPs; the ion signals were detected from as low as ten 50 nm Au NPs on a pixel. Furthermore, the Au NP melting dynamics under laser irradiation was monitored by correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AFM measurements of Au NPs before and after LDI MSI analysis revealed changes in NP shape from a sphere to a half-ellipsoid and total volume reduction of NPs down to 45% of their initial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym Prysiazhnyi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, 625 00, Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Antonín Bednařík
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, 625 00, Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Michal Žalud
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, 625 00, Brno, Czech
Republic
| | | | - Jan Neuman
- Nenovision
s. r. o., 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Preisler
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, 625 00, Brno, Czech
Republic
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Escalante-Quiceno AT, Novotný O, Neuman J, Magén C, De Teresa JM. Long-Term Performance of Magnetic Force Microscopy Tips Grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2879. [PMID: 36991589 PMCID: PMC10052145 DOI: 10.3390/s23062879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution micro- and nanostructures can be grown using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID), a direct-write, resist-free nanolithography technology which allows additive patterning, typically with sub-100 nm lateral resolution, and down to 10 nm in optimal conditions. This technique has been used to grow magnetic tips for use in Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). Due to their high aspect ratio and good magnetic behavior, these FEBID magnetic tips provide several advantages over commercial magnetic tips when used for simultaneous topographical and magnetic measurements. Here, we report a study of the durability of these excellent candidates for high-resolution MFM measurements. A batch of FEBID-grown magnetic tips was subjected to a systematic analysis of MFM magnetic contrast for 30 weeks, using magnetic storage tape as a test specimen. Our results indicate that these FEBID magnetic tips operate effectively over a long period of time. The magnetic signal was well preserved, with a maximum reduction of 60% after 21 weeks of recurrent use. No significant contrast degradation was observed after 30 weeks in storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s.r.o., 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - César Magén
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José María De Teresa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Vaneckova T, Bezdekova J, Tvrdonova M, Vlcnovska M, Novotna V, Neuman J, Stossova A, Kanicky V, Adam V, Vaculovicova M, Vaculovic T. CdS quantum dots-based immunoassay combined with particle imprinted polymer technology and laser ablation ICP-MS as a versatile tool for protein detection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11840. [PMID: 31413275 PMCID: PMC6694198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is presented with focus on an optimization of the LA-ICP-MS parameters such as laser beam diameter, laser beam fluence, and scan speed using CdS quantum dots (QDs) as a template and dopamine as a functional monomer. A non-covalent imprinting approach was employed in this study due to the simplicity of preparation. Simple oxidative polymerization of the dopamine that creates the self-assembly monolayer seems to be an ideal choice. The QDs prepared by UV light irradiation synthesis were stabilized by using mercaptosuccinic acid. Formation of a complex of QD-antibody and QD-antibody-antigen was verified by using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. QDs and antibody were connected together via an affinity peptide linker. LA-ICP-MS was employed as a proof-of-concept for detection method of two types of immunoassay: 1) antigen extracted from the sample by MIP and subsequently overlaid/immunoreacted by QD-labelled antibodies, 2) complex of antigen, antibody, and QD formed in the sample and subsequently extracted by MIP. The first approach provided higher sensitivity (MIP/NIP), however, the second demonstrated higher selectivity. A mixture of proteins with size in range 10–250 kDa was used as a model sample to demonstrate the capability of both approaches for detection of IgG in a complex sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vaneckova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Bezdekova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Tvrdonova
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vlcnovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novotna
- NenoVision s.r.o., Purkynova 649/127, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s.r.o., Purkynova 649/127, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Stossova
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kanicky
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vaculovic
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zinman B, Harris SB, Neuman J, Gerstein HC, Retnakaran RR, Raboud J, Qi Y, Hanley AJG. Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): a double-blind randomised controlled study. Lancet 2010; 376:103-11. [PMID: 20605202 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolving epidemic of type 2 diabetes has challenged health-care providers to assess the safety and efficacy of various diabetes prevention strategies. The CANOE (CAnadian Normoglycemia Outcomes Evaluation) trial investigated whether low-dose combination therapy would affect development of type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomised controlled trial undertaken in clinics in Canadian centres, 207 patients with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to receive combination rosiglitazone (2 mg) and metformin (500 mg) twice daily or matching placebo for a median of 3.9 years (IQR 3.0-4.6). Randomisation was computer-generated in blocks of four, with both participants and investigators masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was time to development of diabetes, measured by an oral glucose tolerance test or two fasting plasma glucose values of 7.0 mmol/L or greater. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00116932. FINDINGS 103 participants were assigned to rosiglitazone and metformin, and 104 to placebo; all were analysed. Vital status was obtained in 198 (96%) participants, and medication compliance (taking at least 80% of assigned medication) was 78% (n=77) in the metformin and rosiglitazone group and 81% (n=80) in the placebo group. Incident diabetes occurred in significantly fewer individuals in the active treatment group (n=14 [14%]) than in the placebo group (n=41 [39%]; p<0.0001). The relative risk reduction was 66% (95% CI 41-80) and the absolute risk reduction was 26% (14-37), yielding a number needed to treat of 4 (2.70-7.14). 70 (80%) patients in the treatment group regressed to normal glucose tolerance compared with 52 (53%) in the placebo group (p=0.0002). Insulin sensitivity decreased by study end in the placebo group (median -1.24, IQR -2.38 to -0.08) and remained unchanged with rosiglitazone and metformin treatment (-0.39, -1.30 to 0.84; p=0.0006 between groups). The change in beta-cell function, as measured by the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2, did not differ between groups (placebo -252.3, -382.2 to -58.0 vs rosiglitazone and metformin -221.8, -330.4 to -87.8; p=0.28). We recorded an increase in diarrhoea in participants in the active treatment group compared with the placebo group (16 [16%] vs 6 [6%]; p=0.0253). INTERPRETATION Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin was highly effective in prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, with little effect on the clinically relevant adverse events of these two drugs. FUNDING GlaxoSmithKline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zinman B, Harris SB, Gerstein HC, Young TK, Raboud JM, Neuman J, Hanley AJG. Preventing type 2 diabetes using combination therapy: design and methods of the CAnadian Normoglycaemia Outcomes Evaluation (CANOE) trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8:531-7. [PMID: 16918588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be prevented/delayed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by using pharmacologic agents and/or lifestyle interventions. However, a number of challenges remain, including the translation of lifestyle programmes to the general population and the need to achieve greater risk reductions by using pharmacologic approaches. IGT, like DM, is characterized by insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and increased hepatic glucose production. We believe that the use of combination diabetes therapy would be a particularly effective diabetes prevention strategy. In this context, we initiated the Canadian Normoglycemia Outcomes Evaluation (CANOE) study, a moderately sized, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. The primary objective of CANOE is to determine whether treatment with metformin plus rosiglitazone, in addition to a healthy living lifestyle programme, will prevent the development of DM. The secondary objective of CANOE is to determine whether this treatment approach will improve cardiovascular risk factors associated with IGT. A total of 200 patients will be recruited in Toronto and London, Ontario, and followed for an average of 4 years (range 3-5 years). Active treatment with metformin (500 mg) plus rosiglitazone (2 mg), administered as one capsule twice daily, will be compared to matched placebo. Subjects will be eligible for randomization if they have IGT and are between the ages of 30-75 years. The primary outcome will be the development of new-onset DM, diagnosed by either two fasting plasma glucose values of >or=7 mmol/l or one positive oral glucose tolerance test with a 2-h plasma glucose value of >11.0 mmol/l during the active drug phase of the trial. With a sample size of 100 participants per group, we will be able to detect a relative risk reduction of 45%, with a two-sided log-rank test with a significance level of 0.05 and 80% power, assuming that the median time to progression is 8 years in the control group and that participants will be recruited over 2 years and followed for an average of 4 years. In conclusion, the CANOE study will determine whether combination pharmacological therapy combined with a lifestyle intervention programme can significantly modify the development of diabetes in high-risk Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zinman
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Kopec JA, Goel V, Bunting PS, Neuman J, Sayre EC, Warde P, Levers P, Fleshner N. SCREENING WITH PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER RISK: A POPULATION BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY. J Urol 2005; 174:495-9; discussion 499. [PMID: 16006879 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000165153.83698.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening of asymptomatic men with prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains a controversial issue. There is limited evidence that screening is effective in reducing mortality from prostate cancer. In the current study we determined if screening with PSA reduces the risk of metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a population based case-control study among the residents of Metropolitan Toronto and 5 surrounding counties in Ontario, Canada. Data were obtained from 236 cases of metastatic prostate cancer and 462 controls randomly sampled from the source population and frequency matched to cases for age and area of residence. History of PSA testing, digital rectal examination, symptoms and other data were obtained from medical records and a self-administered questionnaire. The association between PSA screening and metastatic prostate cancer was measured by the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio stratified by exposure observation time and other potential confounding factors. RESULTS In asymptomatic men, the frequency of PSA screening as determined from medical records was significantly lower among the cases compared with the controls (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.93). The odds ratio was 0.52 (0.28 to 0.98) in men 45 to 59 years old and 0.67 (0.41 to 1.09) in those 60 to 84 years old. CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study screening of asymptomatic men with PSA was associated with a significantly reduced risk of metastatic prostate cancer. The results need to be confirmed in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek A Kopec
- Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Choi SH, Shapiro H, Robinson GE, Irvine J, Neuman J, Rosen B, Murphy J, Stewart D. Psychological side-effects of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotrophin. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 26:93-100. [PMID: 16050534 DOI: 10.1080/01443610400022983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the psychological side-effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) and hMG in women undergoing fertility treatment. METHOD This study was a cross-sectional, self-report survey of 454 women at various stages of treatment for infertility. At the time of study, 139 women had not taken fertility drugs and 315 women had taken one or more cycles of CC or hMG. All subjects were asked to complete the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Women taking CC or hMG were also asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on the side-effects of their medications. RESULT(S) In the CC group (n = 162) and hMG group (n = 153), 77.8% (126 of 162) and 94.8% (145 of 153) reported at least one side-effect, respectively. Irritability, mood swings, feeling down, and bloating had high frequencies in both CC and hMG groups, with a higher mean number of side effects reported in the hMG group (4.4 +/- 3.7 for the CC group and 6.8 +/- 3.7 for the hMG group, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference among the CC, hMG and no medication groups for mean state and trait anxiety scores. However, there were significant differences among the three side-effect groups (those who reported 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and more than 7 side-effects) for the mean scores of state (df = 2, F = 8.7, p < 0.001) and trait (df = 2, F = 11.9, p < 0.001) anxiety in women taking fertility drugs. CONCLUSION(S) Women taking CC or hMG reported high frequencies of psychological side-effects, and should be advised of these before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Choi
- Women's Health Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Bunting PS, Neuman J, Goel V, Fleshner N, Kopec J, Levers P, Warde P. A reliable coding system to define screening prostate-specific antigen tests was developed in a case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol 2005; 58:639-44. [PMID: 15878478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the reliability of a coding system for screening and diagnostic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing from patient charts. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Two investigators reviewed 448 chart abstractions from a population-based case-control study of PSA screening in the Toronto area. The tests evaluated for reliability were transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), digital rectal examination (DRE), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). RESULTS DRE results were found in 87%, PSA results in 65%, and TRUS results in 12% of the 749 charts. Interobserver agreement was 94% for DRE texture (kappa =.885), 95% for DRE asymmetry (kappa = .868), 85% for DRE physician interpretation (kappa = .698), 97% for final DRE result (kappa = .856), and 87% for TRUS (kappa = .769). Physician interpretation modified the final result in only 6.2% of DREs. Interobserver agreement for PSA coding was 91% (kappa = .787). Of PSA results, pure PSA screening with no symptoms of obstructive urination was found in 19%, symptomatic PSA screening in 46%, and diagnostic PSA testing in 35%. CONCLUSION We have developed a practical and reliable coding system for TRUS, DRE, and PSA in the context of a case-control study of PSA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Bunting
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kopec J, Goel V, Bunting P, Neuman J, Sayre E, Warde P, Levers P, Fleshner N. 541: Screening with Prostate Specific Antigen and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Urol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)34781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kopec JA, Goel V, Bunting PS, Neuman J, Sayre EC, Warde P, Levers PE, Fleshner N. Screening with prostate specific antigen and metastatic prostate cancer risk: A population-based case-control study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Kopec
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - V. Goel
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - P. S. Bunting
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - J. Neuman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - E. C. Sayre
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - P. Warde
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - P. E. Levers
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
| | - N. Fleshner
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, ON, Canada
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Robertson JA, Martinez LP, Gallegos S, Leen-Mitchell MJ, Garcia V, Neuman J, Carey JC. Accutane cases: a teratogen information service's approach. Teratology 2002; 66:1-2. [PMID: 12115772 DOI: 10.1002/tera.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stewart DE, Rosen B, Irvine J, Ritvo P, Shapiro H, Murphy J, Thomas J, Robinson GE, Neuman J, Deber R. The disconnect: infertility patients' information and the role they wish to play in decision making. Medscape Womens Health 2001; 6:1. [PMID: 11547268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the preferred role in medical decision making of women undergoing fertility treatments and to establish whether their knowledge of treatments is adequate to inform their choices. METHODS Self-report survey of 404 women undergoing fertility treatments in 2 university hospitals and a private fertility clinic in Canada. RESULTS The women had been in fertility treatment for 2.3 +/- 2.6 years; 67.8% reported taking fertility drugs. Most (61.7%) women wanted to share knowledge equally with their doctors about possible fertility treatments. However, about half wanted to decide alone or mostly by themselves about the acceptability of treatment risks and benefits (56%), what treatments should be selected (49.8%), and when to conclude treatments (54.3%). In addition, 55.1% of the women did not know their personal eventual chances of pregnancy with fertility treatment or thought it was 50% or greater. Over half of the women (57.2%) who had taken fertility drugs were unaware of a possible link between fertility drugs and increased ovarian cancer risk. The majority of women (61.8%) who knew of this possible association reported that they learned about it from the print media. Women who knew of the association had a poor understanding of the strength of the evidence or the ability to detect or treat ovarian cancer successfully, and 88.3% thought they could reduce cancer risk by following their doctors' advice. CONCLUSIONS Despite these women's wishes to actively participate in fertility treatment decisions, they lacked the necessary information to do so meaningfully. Public health policymakers, professional and advocacy organizations, physicians, other healthcare providers, and women themselves must find ways to improve the general public's and patients' understanding about fertility treatment outcomes and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Stewart
- University of Toronto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Canada
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Neuman M, Neuman H, Durante Costas F, Barrera V, Tavella M, Peterson G, Veroni H, Neuman J. Postprandial increase of lipid peroxidative products parallels reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neuman J, Murphy J, Walmsley S. Acceptance of voluntary HIV testing and the prevalence of HIV infection in women with cervical neoplasia in Toronto. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2000; 10:247-252. [PMID: 11240682 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2000.010003247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a 13-month period (1998-99), 661 adult women under the age of 50 years with a diagnosis of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer in the previous 5 years and who were unaware of their HIV status were approached to participate in this study. After pretest counseling, patients completed a short questionnaire about risk factors for HIV infection, had blood samples drawn for HIV testing,and arranged a follow-up appointment for test results and post-test counseling. The acceptance rate for HIV testing was 73% (N = 432 with HSIL and N = 51 with invasive cervical cancer). Most women reported heterosexual intercourse as their only risk factor for HIV infection, with the majority (95.1%) reporting more than one lifetime sexual partner. Women who declined participation were significantly older (P < 0.01) than participants and nonwhites were more likely to decline (P < 0.001). None of the study participants had positive HIV test results (0/483; 95% CI, 0.00-0.009). Although HIV testing was accepted by most women following pretest counseling, there were no women who tested HIV-positive who were previously unaware of their status. Consequently we do not recommend routine HIV testing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Neuman
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital;Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital; and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Yang R, Brauner C, Thurston V, Neuman J, Randall DJ. Relationship between toxicant transfer kinetic processes and fish oxygen consumption. Aquat Toxicol 2000; 48:95-108. [PMID: 10686317 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three organic compounds of different hydrophobicity, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), 3,4,5,6-tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and 4,6-dichlorobenzenediol (DBD), were chosen as the test chemicals to carry out a series of investigations to look at the relationship between toxicant transfer and fish metabolic rate. A significant correlation was found between the toxicant uptake rate constant (k(1)) and fish oxygen consumption, regardless of fish size and species. This correlation was improved when fish toxicant body load was expressed on a percent body lipid basis. Similarly, there also existed a significant relationship between the toxicant depuration rate constant (k(2)) and fish oxygen uptake for a range of chemicals with different octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
A physiological model was developed to estimate fish body toxicant load based on information regarding the chemical exposure regime, fish body weight, lipid content and oxygen uptake. The general model was tested in which an oxygen database (OXYREF) was used to predict fish toxicant body burden. Based on the quantitative analysis, it was shown that the model was reliable and accurate in estimating fish body burden of a number of non-metabolized aquatic toxicants. This modified model possesses some functional reality which enables more realistic predictions, making it useful in the practice of aquatic environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, Canada
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Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J. In This Issue. Med J Aust 2000. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rex M, Salawitch RJ, Toon GC, Sen B, Margitan JJ, Osterman GB, Blavier JF, Gao RS, Donnelly S, Keim E, Neuman J, Fahey DW, Webster CR, Scott DC, Herman RL, May RD, Moyer EJ, Gunson MR, Irion FW, Chang AY, Rinsland CP, Bui TP. Subsidence, mixing, and denitrification of Arctic polar vortex air measured during POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Neuman MP, Montenero Y, Neuman FJ, Bruetman J, Roccella MC, Neuman J. Screening of preformed oxidised low density lipoprotein isolated by a polyanion precipitation method. Its correlation with serum triglyceride levels. Pharmacol Res 1998; 37:265-72. [PMID: 9634641 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1998.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For clinical and epidemiological screening a simple and sensitive methodology was developed for detection of preformed lipid peroxides (LPO) in low density lipoprotein (LDL). For this purpose, the iodometric assay of El-Saadani et al. (J Lipid Res 1989;30:627-30) was adapted to the fraction containing LDL isolated by polyanion precipitation avoiding ultracentrifugation. This fraction also includes intermediate density lipoprotein. Stratifying 53 individuals by their serum triglyceride levels (TG) the highest quartile showed a highly significant elevation of LDL-LPO compared with the lowest one (69.2 +/- 41.2 vs 22.9 +/- 10.0 nmol mg-1 LDL-apo B, P < 0.001). LDL-LPO concentration also showed a strong correlation with TG (r = 0.73, P < 0.00001) and significant inverse correlations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL3-C subfraction (r = -0.37, P < 0.01 and r = -0.38, P = 0.01, respectively). The TG/HDL-C ratio, which is closely associated with insulin resistance, was strongly correlated with LDL-LPO (r = 0.83, P < 0.00001). Significant elevations of LPO were observed in phenotypic hyperlipoproteinemias (HLP) IIb and IV (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02, respectively) and when expressing LPO in mol/mol of LDL-apo B, two- and 2.5-fold higher values were found in types IIb and IV HLP, respectively, compared with normolipidemic subjects, suggesting a more oxidative environment for apo B in both phenotypes. No variations in LPO were found in type IIa HLP. This simple assay for in vivo detection of LDL-LPO, emphasises the possible atherogenic effect of TG through their oxidative capacity and suggests the integration of LPO to the cluster of associated risk factors: high TG, low HDL-C and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Neuman
- Instituto Privado de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (IPEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rosen B, Irvine J, Ritvo P, Shapiro H, Stewart D, Reynolds K, Robinson G, Thomas J, Neuman J, Murphy J. The feasibility of assessing women's perceptions of the risks and benefits of fertility drug therapy in relation to ovarian cancer risk. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:90-4. [PMID: 9207590 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of asking women undergoing fertility treatment the maximum increased risk of ovarian cancer they would be willing to tolerate in order to take ovulation-induction drugs. DESIGN A prospective pilot study of women attending fertility clinics over a 2-month period. SETTING Two tertiary care fertility clinics in Toronto. PATIENT(S) Sixty-one English-speaking women were approached and 85% (n = 52) were enrolled. INTERVENTION(S) A self-administered questionnaire with fertility-specific questions. Thirty-eight women also were asked to complete standardized scales of anxiety and optimism. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Women's report of the maximum level of lifetime risk of ovarian cancer they were willing to tolerate in order to undergo fertility treatment. RESULT(S) Seventy-nine percent were willing to accept an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Only 24% understood that treatment for ovarian cancer usually was not curative. CONCLUSION(S) A majority of patients were willing to tolerate a modest increase in their lifetime risk of ovarian cancer because of fertility treatment, most basing their estimate of acceptable risk on limited awareness of the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rosen
- Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Blazaskie MJ, Neuman J. Clinical applications of spiral CTA. Radiol Technol 1995; 67:79-82. [PMID: 7491412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Blazaskie
- Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pa, USA
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Wispé JR, Warner BB, Clark JC, Dey CR, Neuman J, Glasser SW, Crapo JD, Chang LY, Whitsett JA. Human Mn-superoxide dismutase in pulmonary epithelial cells of transgenic mice confers protection from oxygen injury. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:23937-41. [PMID: 1385428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To test directly whether mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) protects the lung epithelium from oxygen-induced injury, transgenic mice were produced in which the expression of human Mn-SOD mRNA was directly by transcriptional elements from the human pulmonary surfactant protein C gene. Human Mn-SOD mRNA was expressed in a lung-specific manner, and increased Mn-SOD protein was detected within mitochondria of alveolar Type II and nonciliated bronchiolar cells of the distal respiratory epithelium of the transgenic mice. The activity of Mn-SOD, but not catalase, CuZn-SOD, or glutathione peroxidase, was increased in lungs of transgenic mice. Transgenic mice were highly protected from lung injury during exposure to 95% oxygen, surviving significantly longer than nontransgenic littermates. Pulmonary pathology demonstrated decreased hemorrhage, hyaline membrane formation, and alveolar and interstitial edema in transgenic animals. The finding that increased Mn-SOD in distal respiratory epithelial cells confers protection from oxygen injury provides a basis for novel therapies to protect lung from injury during oxygen therapy of acute and chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wispé
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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Abstract
In a contribution to a prolonged multicenter study 15 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were treated with simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. The first part of the study was done in a double-blind fashion comparing the effect of this new drug with that of gemfibrozil during 12 weeks, and after this period on open-label treatment was started with the administration to all the patients of simvastatin in doses ranging from 2.5 to 40 mg q.p.m. Persistent and significant reductions (P less than 0.001) were achieved for total serum cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), apo B and triglycerides: by 38, 49, 44 and 33%, respectively, after 40 weeks of the open-label extension. From week 12, LDL-C levels were maintained at a cut point less than or equal to 140 mg/dl in every patient throughout the study. At week 40, cholesterol values of HDL subfractions showed a significant increase in HDL2-C (28%, P less than 0.01) and a concomitant reduction in HDL3-C (12%, P less than 0.01) in spite of a nonsignificant elevation of total HDL-C (by 6%). The HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio rose by 47% (P less than 0.001) and the TC/HDL-C ratio was significantly reduced by 43%: from 6.1 +/- 1.2 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001). No adverse effects were detected. Our results suggest a conversion of HDL3 into HDL2, which could imply a beneficial effect of simvastatin upon the so-called reverse cholesterol transport, in addition to the striking reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Neuman
- Instituto Privado de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (IPEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cronkite DL, Neuman J, Walker D, Pierce SK. The response of contractile and non-contractile vacuoles of Paramecium calkinsi to widely varying salinities. J Protozool 1991; 38:565-73. [PMID: 1818200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb06081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramecium calkinsi from tidal marshes survive a wide salinity range. Fluid output of contractile vacuoles of these cells decreased as salinity of the medium to which they were acclimated increased, and both pulse rate and vacuole volume were used to regulate output. When cells were first exposed to more dilute medium, contractile vacuoles greatly increased volume so that fluid output increased even though pulse rate decreased. In cells shifted to a more concentrated medium, contractile vacuole output decreased by decreasing pulse rate. The contractile vacuole is surrounded by a set of collecting structures which change form as the salinity changes. Distensible ampullae are found in media of low salinity and collecting canals are found in media of high salinity. When cells are shifted from high salinity to low, the number of ampullae increases and the number of canals decreases. When cells are shifted from low salinity to high, the number of ampullae decreases and the number of canals decreases. Other non-contracting vacuoles also appear in response to a hypoosmotic shock. These include vacuoles within the cell as well as "blisters" on the surface. The number and frequency of blisters increases with the size of the hypoosmotic shock. They detach from cells without resulting in any visible loss of cytoplasm. Non-contractile vacuoles may play a role in sequestering and removing excess water that the contractile vacuoles cannot handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Cronkite
- Biology Department, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423
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Abstract
Heparin has been used intensively in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and preinfarction angina (PA) at full doses as a single drug by us. However, heparin may be used at smaller doses for similar purposes. These doses are not exactly anticoagulant, even though they reduce blood hypercoagulability, and act mainly in an antithrombotic capacity. We studied 529 patients with acute myocardial infarction, of whom 262 were treated with subcutaneous heparin at low doses (5000 IU every 12 h) and 267 received conventional therapy without antithrombotic drugs. Heparin used was Heparina (Abbott) and Liquemine (Roche), in vials with the equivalence 1 cm3 = 50 mg = 5000 IU. Blood rheologic factors (thromboelastography, platelet adhesiveness, total blood viscosity, and number of platelets) were determined in all patients, those treated with heparin at low doses and also the control group, before and after the 30-day treatment period. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, laboratory studies, and electrocardiogram examination. In both the 262 patients treated with heparin at low doses and in the control group of 267 patients, baseline values of rheological factors were high. After 30 days (i.e., after study completion) these high values which are statistically significant compared with normal values, with p less than 0.0001 for both groups, remained constant in the control group who did not receive heparin. On the contrary, in the group treated with heparin at low doses, all these factors changed. Heparin provides protection against thrombosis by increasing the negative charge of the vessel wall and by other reactions at the endothelial surface. Heparin requires a plasmatic component called antithrombine III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Ruggiero
- Cátedras de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Neuman J, Neuman MP, Di Biase L. Effect of bezafibrate on low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in normolipidemia. Study in coronary patients and their first degree relatives. Arzneimittelforschung 1986; 36:1690-3. [PMID: 3814229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A pharmacological study was carried out in a group of 20 subjects composed of 13 coronary patients and 7 normal close relatives (first degree) who were considered at a high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) because of their low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLch) (mean +/- SD: 34.1 +/- 5.2 mg/dl) and their high total cholesterol/HDLch (Tch/HDLch) ratio (mean +/- SD:6.7 +/- 1.1), despite their normal serum lipid values. With the purpose of normalizing these parameters they were submitted to a 4-month treatment with bezafibrate, a hypolipidemic agent which has a known effect in increasing HDLch and in decreasing the Tch/HDLch ratio. At the end of the study total serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly by 10 and 30%, respectively (p less than 0.01). HDL increased in its cholesterol content by 33% reaching a value of 45.4 +/- 9.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) as well as in its apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) content (13%, p less than 0.02). HDL2 subfraction also rose in cholesterol and in Apo A1: by 90 and 38%, respectively (p less than 0.01). HDL3 subfraction rised only its cholesterol content by 24% (p less than 0.01). Tch/HDLch ratio was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) to a value of 4.6 +/- 0.9 (mean +/- SD). Total serum Apo B diminished by 14% (p less than 0.01). No adverse effects were observed during the follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Neuman J, de Engel AM, Neuman MP. Pilot study of the effect of raubasine on platelet biological activity. Arzneimittelforschung 1986; 36:1394-8. [PMID: 3790193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was carried out to determine the action of raubasine (ajmalicine) an alkaloid derived from Rauwolfia serpentina, on platelet biological function in 14 patients selected because they were at risk due to complications of atherosclerosis. The determinations of platelet aggregation were done ex vivo and the following substances were used as inducing agents: adenosine diphosphate (2.5 and 5.0 X 10(-6) mol/l), collagen (0.05 mg/ml), and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1.68 X 10(-4) mol/l). 12 out of the 14 patients treated showed a reduction in platelet aggregation in at least 2 of the 3 test curves. This reduction was statistically significant for collagen (p less than 0.02) and epinephrine (p less than 0.01). A statistically significant (p less than 0.05) prolongation of the latency period of aggregation produced by collagen was found in 12 out of 14 patients and a prolongation of recalcification time produced by the reduction in platelet factor 3 was found in 9 out of 14 patients. In addition to the fact that the effect of a reduction in platelet aggregation was more evident in the second wave, these results suggest that raubasine has an inhibitory action on the release reaction of the platelets. The results obtained merit further study to confirm this property of the drug.
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Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J. Landmark article Nov 3, 1962: New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronized capacitor discharge. By Bernard Lown, Raghavan Amarasingham, and Jose Neuman. JAMA 1986; 256:621-7. [PMID: 3522950 DOI: 10.1001/jama.256.5.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Neuman MP, Kurlat MI, Neuman J. Elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL) and reduction of the total cholesterol/cHDL index in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias IIb and IV with bezafibrate. Curr Med Res Opin 1983; 8:358-67. [PMID: 6839800 DOI: 10.1185/03007998309112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out in 21 patients with Type IIb or Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia to evaluate the effect of treatment with 600 mg bezafibrate per day over a period of 3 months. The results of the lipid parameters studied showed that there were significant reductions after 1 and 3-months' treatment, respectively, of 19% and 16% total cholesterol, 55% and 57% triglycerides, 19% and 15% calculated cLDL, and 55% and 58% calculated cVLDL. Over the same times, there was a significant increase in cHDL of 35% and 41%, respectively. The cT/cHDL index decreased significantly from a mean basal value of 7.81 +/- 1.44 to 4.76 +/- 0.96 after 1 month and to 4.75 +/- 0.90 after 3 months, corresponding to a 39% reduction in both instances. This index was reduced to 5.0 or less in 76% of the patients. At the end of the trial there was normalization of hyperlipoproteinaemia in 17 (81%) of the 21 patients. Tolerance of bezafibrate was satisfactory. Only 2 patients suffered mild abdominal pain, which disappeared within a few days. One patient presented slight, transitory neutropenia at the end of the 3 months of treatment.
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Neuman J, Weiss B, Rabello Y, Cabal L, Freeman RK. Diazoxide for the acute control of severe hypertension complicating pregnancy: a pilot study. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 53:50S-55S. [PMID: 424128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were treated with intravenous diazoxide. In 2 patients there was profound maternal hypotension. Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate occurred in 3 patients following diazoxide administration. Possible implications of this study are discussed.
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Chang RS, Lewis JP, Reynolds RD, Sullivan MJ, Neuman J. Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and by recipients of renal homografts. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88:34-40. [PMID: 202183 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to associate oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus with lymphoproliferative disorders other than infectious mononucleosis, we tested throat gargles collected from adult subjects for the EB virus. Nine (16%) of 55 healthy persons were positive. High EB virus-excretion rates were found among patients with active acute lymphocytic leukemia (6/6, 100%), among renal homograft recipients during the third to 12th month after transplantation (26/30, 87%), and among critically ill patients with leukemia-lymphoma (14/19, 74%). Moderately high excretion rates were found among patients with myeloma (7/16, 44%), patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (5/11, 44%), critically ill patients with solid cancers (15/37, 41%), and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8/21, 38%). Our data suggested that the higher than normal excretion rate is realted to the basic disease process and to the general health status but not to the duration of cancer chemotherapy.
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Neuman J, Wigutov J, Pesce R, Valero E, Drajer S. [Induction of auricular fibrillation during cardioversion in patients with atrial flutter. Auricular vulnerable period]. Medicina (B Aires) 1973; 33:110-6. [PMID: 4720169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Neuman J, De Neuman MP, Lown B. [Experimental auricular fibrillation in the intact animal. Relation to cholinergics and influence of catecholamines]. Medicina (B Aires) 1969; 29:359-68. [PMID: 5406375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Neuman J. [Treatment of 100 episodes of cardiac arrhythmias with synchronized discharges of condensers placed on the external surface of the thorax]. Medicina (B Aires) 1967; 27:133-47. [PMID: 5614476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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