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Olson PS, Ploylearmsang C, Sibounheuang P, Sookaneknun S, Manithip C, Watcharadamrongkun S, Jungnickel PW, Kittiboonyakun P. Development of a patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ) for diabetes management in Thailand and Lao PDR. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300052. [PMID: 38452151 PMCID: PMC10919862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In a cross-sectional analytical study, a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) for diabetes management was developed and tested in Thailand and Lao PDR. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to formulate themes of the PSQ. The 20-item PSQ was prepared in Thai and translated to Lao, with subsequent backward translation. Both versions were tested for reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The study was performed at a university hospital in Thailand and two central hospitals in Vientiane, Lao PDR. There were 300 diabetic patients from Thailand (n = 150) and Lao PDR (n = 150). The 5-factor Thai version showed 74.52% of total explained variance with good internal consistency and satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 1.91, GFI = 0.83, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.063, RMSEA = 0.078). The five factors were 1) Standard of Service, 2) Diabetic Service, 3) Competency of Providers, 4) Competency of Pharmacists, and 5) Communication with Providers. For the Lao version, 20 items showed a 3-factor structure with a total explained variance of 71.09%. Goodness-of-fit indices for the Lao model were satisfactory (χ2/df = 2.45, GFI = 0.78, CFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.075 and RMSEA = 0.095). The results showed the PSQ Thai and Lao versions were valid and reliable for assessing patient satisfaction with diabetes management, however more testing of the questionnaire is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phayom Sookaneknun Olson
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Chanuttha Ploylearmsang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Phoutsathaphone Sibounheuang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Kao Ngot Villagem, Sisattanak District, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Santiparp Sookaneknun
- Mahasarakham Business School, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Chanthanom Manithip
- Ministry of Health, Ban Thatkhao, Sisattanack District, Rue Simeuang, Lao PDR
| | | | - Paul W. Jungnickel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Pattarin Kittiboonyakun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Service and Pharmacy Practice Research and Innovation Unit, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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Olson PS, Srimongkon P, Tan BK, Nacabu-An SMJ, Sibounheuang P, Setiawan CH, Van Hung N, Leelathanalerk A, Potisarach P, Sungthong B, Ploylearmsang C, Seesin T, Chanasopon S, Kanjanasilp J, Manwiwattanakun G, Jungnickel PW. Pharmacy students' preparation to provide pharmaceutical care for patients with non-communicable diseases in six ASEAN countries: A qualitative study. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2022; 14:1353-1364. [PMID: 36127275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacy education programs prepare graduates to promote health for patients with noncommunicable disease (NCDs), but there is limited information concerning Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN) countries. The study aim was to synthesize academic staff's, alumni's, and alumni supervisors' perspectives on preparation for students to provide pharmaceutical care in NCDs. METHODS A qualitative research design was used. In-depth interviews with structured questions following the Context, Input, Process, and Product/Outcomes model framework were conducted with four academic staff, three alumni, and three alumni supervisors from six study sites in six countries. Interview questions were constructed in Thai and translated to English by using forward and backward translation. Verbatim transcriptions were used to perform thematic analysis with investigator triangulation. RESULTS Sixty participants were included. The context showed three main themes related to Burden of NCDs, Pharmacist Roles in NCDs, and Goals. The input showed three main themes of Teaching Methods, Development Plans for Academic Staff, and Budgets and Infrastructure. The process showed one main theme of Struggles in Teaching Methods. The outcomes/outputs showed three main themes of Individual, Organizational, and Professional Levels. Schools need curricula that focus on NCDs, pharmacist competency and skills, and academic preparation of students for practice. Gaps limiting achievement of goals included lack of well-trained academic staff, limited learning facilities, self-learning opportunities, acceptance from other health professionals, and career ladders. CONCLUSIONS The preparation of pharmacy students varied in six ASEAN countries. Pharmacy education programs must address existing gaps that limit achievement of goals related to NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phayom Sookaneknun Olson
- International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Pornchanok Srimongkon
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Bee Kim Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Shiela May J Nacabu-An
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Ave., Manila 1000, Philippines.
| | - Phoutsathaphone Sibounheuang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Samsenthai Road, Kao ngot Villagem, Sisattanak District Vientiane Capital, P.O. Box 7444, Laos
| | | | - Nguyen Van Hung
- School of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Ngo Quyen, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Areerut Leelathanalerk
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Pemmarin Potisarach
- International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Bunleu Sungthong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Chanuttha Ploylearmsang
- International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Theerapong Seesin
- International Primary Care Practice Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Suratchada Chanasopon
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Juntip Kanjanasilp
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Greepol Manwiwattanakun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Paul W Jungnickel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, 41/20 Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; Auburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University Alabama, 2316 Walker Building, 36849, USA.
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